7515-72-2

Upstream product

• 33091-16-6 (+/-)-phthalic acid mono-(4-nitro-benzhydryl ester) 
• 720-44-5 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylmethanol 
• 75-36-5 acetyl chloride 
• 1144-74-7 4-nitrobenzophenone 
• 98-87-3 benzylidene dichloride 
• 98-95-3 nitrobenzene 
• 611-94-9 4-Methoxybenzophenone 
• 33091-15-5 4-nitrophenyl(phenyl)methanol 

Downstream Products

• 28268-27-1 [(4-nitro-phenyl)-phenyl-methyl]-phenyl-amine 
• 1817-77-2 4-benzyl-1-nitrobenzene 
• 118040-66-7 1-<α-(4-nitrophenyl)benzyl>imidazole 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1‐(Diarylmethyl)‐1h‐1,2,4‐triazoles and 1‐(diarylmethyl)‐1h‐imidazoles as a novel class of anti‐mitotic agent for activity in breast cancer

We report the synthesis and biochemical evaluation of compounds that are designed as hybrids of the microtubule targeting benzophenone phenstatin and the aromatase inhibitor letrozole. A preliminary screening in estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive MCF‐7 breast cancer cells identified 5‐((2H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)methyl)‐2‐methoxyphenol 24 as a potent antiproliferative compound with an IC50 value of 52 nM in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells (ER+/PR+) and 74 nM in triple‐negative MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells. The compounds demonstrated significant G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in the MCF‐7 cell line, inhibited tubulin polymerisation, and were selective for cancer cells when evaluated in non-tumorigenic MCF‐10A breast cells. The immunofluorescence staining of MCF‐7 cells confirmed that the compounds targeted tubulin and induced multinucleation, which is a recognised sign of mitotic catastrophe. Computational docking studies of compounds 19e, 21l, and 24 in the colchicine binding site of tubulin indicated potential binding conformations for the compounds. Compounds 19e and 21l were also shown to selectively inhibit aromatase. These compounds are promising candidates for development as antiproliferative, aromatase inhibitory, and microtubule‐disrupting agents for breast cancer.

α-Chlorobenzylation of Nitroarenes via Vicarious Nucleophilic Substitution with Benzylidene Dichloride: Umpolung of the Friedel-Crafts Reaction

Readily available α,α-dichlorotoluenes enter a vicarious nucleophilic substitution (VNS) reaction with electron-deficient arenes to give α-chlorobenzylated nitrobenzenes, as well as six- and five-membered heterocycles. Oxidation of the initially formed α-chlorobenzylic carbanions instead of protonation results in formation of diaryl ketones, providing a means for overall nucleophilic C-H benzoylation of electron-deficient aromatic rings. Alternatively, benzoylated nitroarenes can be obtained via the reaction of isolated α-chlorodiarylmethanes with sodium azide.

Compounds with analgesic effect

PCT No. PCT/SE96/01635 Sec. 371 Date Apr. 24, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Apr. 24, 1997 PCT Filed Dec. 11, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO97/23466 PCT Pub. Date Jul. 3, 1997Compounds of the formula (I) as well as their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the novel compounds. The novel compounds of the formula (I) are useful in the management of pain.

Solvolysis of benzylic chlorides with extended charge delocalization. α-tert-Butyl(2-naphthyl)methyl, 9-fluorenyl and monosubstituted benzhydryl chlorides

Rate constants of solvolysis of α-tert-butyl(2-naphthyl)methyl chloride (1), 9-fluorenyl chloride (2) and a series of monosubstituted benzhydryl chlorides (3) in a wide range of solvents were measured. Grunwald-Winstein-type correlation analysis of log k for 2 and 3 against YBnCl, with or without nucleophilicity N, yielded less satisfactory linear correlations than that against log k(l). A new scale of solvent ionizing power, YxBnCl for the correlation of solvolytic reactivities of benzylic chlorides with extended charge delocalization based on log k(1) was developed. Application to the mechanistic study suggested the solvolysis of 2 and 4-nitrobenzhydryl chloride were non-limiting. Hammett plots against α+ constants exhibited more negative ρ values in less nucleophilic solvents. In a benzhydryl chloride containing a strong deactivating substituent, such as 4-nitro, the positive charge delocalizes mainly over the unsubstituted ring in the cationic transition state. The uneven charge distribution was also confirmed by Mulliken population analysis at the level of the RHF/6-31G*//RHF/3-21G(*) basis set for cations. Comparison of the results of correlation analysis using the equation log(k/k0) = mY vs the equation log(k/k0) = mY + hI, and using the equation log(k/k0) = mY +IN vs the equation log(k/ko) = mY + IN + hI indicated the use of YBnCl or YxBncl could give a better understanding of solvolytic mechanisms than the combinatorial use of YCl and I.

Novel 4'-Substituted and 4',4"-Disubstituted 3α-(Diphenylmethoxy)tropane Analogs as Potent and Selective Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors

A series of 4'-substituted and 4',4"-disubstituted 3α-(diphenylmethoxy)tropane analogs were prepared as novel probes for the dopamine transporter.These compounds were evaluated in radiolabeled binding assays for the dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin transporters.All of these compounds monophasically displaced WIN 35,428 binding in rat caudate putamen with Ki values ranging from 11.8 to 2000 nM.The most potent compound in this series was 4',4"-difluoro 3α-(diphenylmethoxy)tropane 7c with Ki=11.8 nM.All of the compounds inhibited dopamine uptake in rat caudate putamen (IC50 = 24-4456 nM) which correlated significantly (r = 0.907; p > 0.0001) with binding affinities at the dopamine transporter.None of the compounds demonstrated high-affinity binding at the norepinephrine (Ki > 4800 nM) or serotonin (Ki > 690 nM)transporters.Therefore, the most potent dopamine uptake inhibitors in this series were highly selective for the dopamine transporter.Preliminary behavioral studies of several of these analogs (7a-e) suggested that the compounds did not display a cocaine-like behavioral profile, despite their ability to inhibit dopamine uptake.The present data coupled with the 3α-(diphenylmethoxy)tropane analogs may be interacting at a different active site than cocaine on the dopamine transporter and that an additional binding domain might be exploited for the identification of potential therapeutics for the treatment of cocaine abuse.

The Reaction between Acyl Halides and Alcohols: Alkyl Halide vs. Ester Formation

In the reaction between an acyl halide and an alcohol the thermodynamically favoured products are the free carboxylic acid and the alkyl halide.The initial reaction is, generally, the formation of an ester and HHal.When the alcohol is very prone to yield an alkyl cation upon protonation by HHal, formed H2O exhibited a superior reactivity and competed successfully with the alcohol for the acyl halide making, therefore, ester formation practically confined to a triggering role.But, in those cases where the cation is less easily formed, ester formation was favoured and, consequently, became the necessary elementary step towards alkyl halide formation.Tis final product, on the other hand, might be extremely slow to form in an SN2 reaction between the protonated ester function and the halide ion.In these instances, therefore, as well as in the cases when a basic solvent competes for the proton of HHal, the ester is the final product.A notable exception of the situation above outlined, is given by α-hydroxy-α-phenylbenzeneacetic acid (2y), which appears to undergo direct chlorine-hydroxyl interchange through a quaternary intermediate (E), in the end collapsing to α-chloro-α-phenyl-benzeneacetic acid (4y).Different systems were compared using CH2Cl2 as a solvent under strictly similar conditions.Some 28 different substrates were tested for reaction with AcCl (1a), whereas the action of eight acyl halides (a) against (RS)-α-methylbenzenemethanol (2n) and α-phenylbenzenemethanol (2p), as well as the effect of five different solvents on the reaction between two alcohols (2p and 2-methyl-2-propanol, 2c) with 1a, were observed.