77573-45-6Relevant articles and documents
On the Chemistry of Ingenol, IV Ingenol from Seeds of Euphorbia lathyris L. and Preparation of (9R)-9-Deoxo-9-hydroxyingenol with some Corresponding 3- and 9-Esters
Bagavathi, R.,Sorg, Bernd,Hecker, Erich
, p. 1425 - 1433 (2007/10/02)
A simple and fast procedure was worked out to prepare from the commercially available seeds of Euphorbia lathyris L. substantial amounts of the polyfunctional tetracyclic diterpene ingenol (1a).Ingenol-3,4:5,20-diacetonide (1d) was treated with five different bases at two different temperatures to achieve epimerization to 8-epiingenol.In any case unchanged 1d was obtained.By reduction of ingenol-3,4:5,20-diacetonide (1d) with sodium in ether/2-propanol (9R)-9-deoxo-9-hydroxyingenol-3,4:5,20-diacetonide (2b) was obtained and converted to the corresponding 5,20-monoacetonide 2e.Reduction of ingenol-5,20-acetonide (1e) with LiAlH4 in t etrahydrofuran furnished the epimeric (9S)-9-deoxo-9-hydroxyingenol-5,20-acetonide (3c).The (9R)-monoacetonide 2e was used to prepare the 3-tetradecanoate 2c of (9R)-9-deoxo-9-hydroxyingenol (2a).From the (9S)-monoacetonide 3c four 3-esters of (9S)-9-deoxo-9-hydroxyingenol (3a) were synthesized.The 3,4:5,20-diacetonides of 2a and 3a, i.e. 2b/3b were used to provide the 9-hexadecanoates 2f and 3j.The irritant activities of the 3-esters of the (9S)-series depend strongly on the nature of the acyl group, thus furnishing, e.g. the moderately irritant tetradecanoate 3e as well as the highly active benzoate 3g of 3a.The (9R)-3-tetradecanoate 2c exhibits comparable activity as its (9S)-analogue 3e.Thus, the spatial orientation (R or S) of the 9-hydroxy function plays a significant but not a crucial role for irritant activity.Both epimeric (9R/9S)-hexadecanoates 2f/3j were non irritant. Keywords: Conditional Cancerogens, Tumor Promoters, Skin Irritants, Ingenol, Structure-Bioactivity Relationships