7782-39-0 Usage
Chemical Description
Deuterium is a stable isotope of hydrogen used in labeling experiments to track the reaction path.
History
Rutherford predicted the existence of this heavy isotope of hydrogen in 1920. It was detected by Urey, Brickwedde and Murphy in 1932. It occurs in all natural compounds of hydrogen including water, as well as in free hydrogen molecules at the ratio of about one part per 6,000 parts hydrogen.
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 7782-39-0 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. The principal application of deuterium is in tracer studies for measuring rates and kinetics of chemical reactions. It also is used in thermonuclear reactions; and as a projectile in cyclotrons for bombardment of atomic nuclei to synthesize isotopes of several transuranium elements. Deuterium oxide, D2O, or heavy water is used as a neutron moderator in nuclear reactors.
2. Used extensively in small amounts as tracer in the establishment of rates and kinetics of chemical reactions.
Preparation
Deuterium may be prepared by several methods. Urey’s first method of preparation involved fractional distillation of a very large amount of liquid hydrogen. It also may be produced by electrolysis of heavy water obtained by H2S/H2O exchange process. It may be obtained by continued, long-time electrolysis of ordinary water in which light water molecules are split first, thus concentrating deuterated oxygen in the residual liquid. Also, deuterium in high purity may be separated by thermally induced diffusion processes.
Chemical Properties
colourless gas
Definition
A naturally occurring stable isotope of
hydrogen in which the nucleus contains
one proton and one neutron. The atomic
mass is thus approximately twice that of
1H; deuterium is known as ‘heavy hydrogen’.
Chemically it behaves almost identically
to hydrogen, forming analogous
compounds, although reactions of deuterium
compounds are often slower than
those of the corresponding 1H compounds.
This is made use of in kinetic studies where
the rate of a reaction may depend on transfer
of a hydrogen atom (i.e. a kinetic isotope
effect).
General Description
DEUTERIUM is an isotope of hydrogen but DEUTERIUM is chemically identical. DEUTERIUM is a colorless, odorless gas. DEUTERIUM is easily ignited. Once ignited DEUTERIUM burns with a pale blue, almost invisible flame. The vapors are lighter than air. DEUTERIUM is flammable over a wide range of vapor/air concentrations. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. DEUTERIUM is not toxic but is a simple asphyxiate by the displacement of oxygen in the air.
Air & Water Reactions
Highly flammable.
Reactivity Profile
DEUTERIUM, like hydrogen, is a reducing agent; reacts readily with oxidizing agents.
Agricultural Uses
Deuterium is one of the three isotopes of hydrogen, the other two being hydrogen-1 and tritium. Hydrogen-1 and deuterium are naturally occurring stable isotopes, while the radioactive tritium is made artificially.In nature, the ratio is one part of deuterium to 6500parts of normal hydrogen. Deuterium is present in water as the oxide HDO from which deuterium is usually obtained by electrolysis or fractional distillation. Its chemical behavior is similar to that of hydrogen, although deuterium compounds react slowly.
Purification Methods
Pass the gas over activated charcoal at -195o [MacIver & Tobin J Phys Chem 64 451 1960]. Purify it also by diffusion through nickel [Pratt & Rogers, J Chem Soc, Faraday Trans I 92 1589 1976]. Always check deuterium for radioactivity to determine the amount of tritium in it (see D2O below).
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 7782-39-0 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 7,7,8 and 2 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 3 and 9 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 7782-39:
(6*7)+(5*7)+(4*8)+(3*2)+(2*3)+(1*9)=130
130 % 10 = 0
So 7782-39-0 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/H2/h1H/i1+1D
7782-39-0Relevant articles and documents
Rate-Controlling Step of Oxazolinone Formation. Secondary and Solvent Kinetic Isotope Effects
Matta, Michael S.,Andracki, Mark E.
, p. 6036 - 6039 (1985)
The β-deuterium secondary kinetic isotope effect for the formation of 2-phenyloxazolin-5-one in the alkaline hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl n-benzoylglycinate (p-NO2C6H4O2CCL2NHOCC6H5, L = H or D) was determined to be kH/kD = 1.03 +/- 0.0.2 at temperatures between 10.5 and 40.0 deg C; activation parameters for the protium ester are ΔH(excit.) = 21.7 +/- 0.4 kcal mol-1 and ΔS(excit.)298 = 31.9 +/- 0.6 cal deg-1mol-1.These results, combined with those of previous studies, suggest that leaving-group expulsion is the only step contributing to rate limitation for conversion of the glycinate to the oxazolinone.The small, normal sec ondary isotope effect probably has complex origins, which may include relief of steric strain upon cyclization and hyperconjugative stabilization of the rate-controlling transition state.Apparent second-order rate constants for the formation of 2-phenyloxazolin-5-one in the alkaline hydrolysis of the isotopically unsubstituted ester were also obtained in aqueous solvent containing various mole fraction n of D2O (kn).The kinetic solvent effects (KSIE's) are inverse at all values of n with k1.0/k0 = 1.75.Analysis of the bowl-shaped plot of k1.0/k0 vs. n indicates that fractionation of the reactant lyoxide ion in the mixed isotopic waters predominates the KSIE.A small, normal transition-state effect of about 1.3 makes the KSIE less inverse than would be expected if the entire effect originated in lyoxide fractionation.
