78338-22-4

Usage

Uses

Used in Histology:
CI 52000 is used as a histology dye for demonstrating metachromatic properties in mast cell tumors, spinal cord nissyl, and cartilage. It aids in the identification and differentiation of these structures, providing valuable information for diagnostic and research purposes.
Used in Neuronal Staining:
CI 52000 is used as a neuronal stain for labeling neuronal cell bodies in the Nissl stain technique. This staining method allows for the visualization of the cell bodies and nuclei of neurons, which is crucial for studying the morphology and distribution of neurons in the brain.
Used in Biological and Chemical Research:
CI 52000 is used in biological and chemical research for the controlled design and fabrication of SERS-SEF multifunctional nanoparticles. These nanoparticles serve as nanoprobes for various applications, including the detection and analysis of dyes and metabolites. The use of CI 52000 in this context highlights its versatility and potential for advancing scientific research and applications.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Thionin is a metachromatic cationic dye. It is widely used as a biological stain especially in histology.

InChI:InChI=1/C12H9N3S.C2H4O2/c13-7-1-3-9-11(5-7)16-12-6-8(14)2-4-10(12)15-9;1-2(3)4/h1-6,13H,14H2;1H3,(H,3,4)

Upstream product

• 6138-09-6 leucothionine 

Downstream Products

• 135-59-1 7-Imino-7H-phenothiazin-3-ylamine 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Hydrogenation/oxidation triggered highly efficient reversible color switching of organic molecules

Catalytic hydrogenation and oxidative dehydrogenation reactions are fundamental and significant processes in organic transformation, and reversible color switching of organic redox dyes finds potential applications in rewritable paper, sensing devices, data recording and security feature technologies. In this study, we report an interesting result of reversible hydrogenation and oxidative dehydrogenation of a redox dye over a Pd-ZnO1-x hybrid nanocatalyst under ambient conditions. Thionine (TH+) is used as a model compound to evaluate the catalytic performance. The reversible color switching between purple thionine (TH+) and colorless leuco-thionine (LTH) depends on the reducing or oxidizing environments. Our newly developed Pd-ZnO1-x nanocatalyst exhibits high catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of TH+ with a turnover frequency (TOF) as high as 397 h-1 under H2 (1 bar). The oxidative dehydrogenation of LTH is performed under 1 bar O2 flow in the same reaction system. The Pd-ZnO1-x nanocatalyst readily adsorbs and subsequently dissociates O2 to oxidize LTH to the original purple colored TH+ with higher efficiency. The abundant oxygen vacancies on ZnO1-x nanorods and strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) promote the adsorption and subsequent dissociation of molecular hydrogen and oxygen leading to high catalytic activity. This novel reversible color switching of organic dyes can be performed successively for more than 10 cycles in a one pot-fashion using a Pd-ZnO1-x nanocatalyst with a small loss in performance. The highly efficient reversible color switching of TH+/LTH over the Pd-ZnO1-x nanocatalyst provides a state-of-the-art protocol to find practical applications as printing inks for rewritable paper and in sensing and security feature devices.