80573-04-2

Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Balsalazide is used as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of mild to moderate acute attacks of ulcerative colitis. It is a prodrug of 5-aminosalicylic acid, where the carrier molecule is 4-aminobenzoyl-β-alanine.
Used in Gastroenterology:
Balsalazide is used as a prodrug for the active component 5-aminosalicylic acid (Mesalazine), which has cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. It can block granulocyte activation, reduce myeloperoxidase activity, and decrease the release of arachidonic acid, leading to a reduction in prostaglandin and leucotriene production.
Used in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treatment:
Balsalazide is used as a treatment for ulcerative colitis, as it decreases IL-2 levels and increases IL-6 levels in the serum and colonic mucosa membrane, as well as decreases microand macroscopic colonic damage in a rat model of colitis induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB).
Used in Colazide Formulation:
Balsalazide is used in Colazide, an analogue of sulfasalazine, which is non-toxic and non-mutagenic. Once ingested, the molecule releases a non-toxic fragment, 4-aminobenzoyl-β-alanine (poorly absorbed 75% excretion in stool), and the active component 5-aminosalicylic acid (Mesalazine). Colazide removes the possibility of sulfasalazine side-effects, such as agranulocytosis, hepatotoxicity, and male infertility.

Originator

Biorex (UK)

Therapeutic Function

Antiinflammatory

Clinical Use

Treatment and maintenance of remission, in mild to moderate ulcerative colitis

Drug interactions

Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs None known

Metabolism

Very little of an oral dose of balsalazide is absorbed via the upper gastrointestinal tract, and almost the entire dose reaches its site of action in the colon intact. It is broken down by the colonic bacterial flora into 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine), which is active, and 4-aminobenzoylalanine, which is considered to be an inert carrier. Most of a dose is eliminated via the faeces, but about 25% of the released mesalazine is absorbed and acetylated. A small proportion of 4-aminobenzoylalanine is absorbed and acetylated by first-pass metabolism through the liver. The acetylated metabolites are excreted in the urine.

InChI:InChI=1/C17H15N3O6/c21-14-6-5-12(9-13(14)17(25)26)20-19-11-3-1-10(2-4-11)16(24)18-8-7-15(22)23/h1-6,9,19H,7-8H2,(H,18,24)(H,22,23)(H,25,26)/b20-12-

Upstream product

• 7377-08-4 N-(4-aminobenzoyl)-B-alanine 
• 122-04-3 4-nitro-benzoyl chloride 
• 59642-21-6 N-(4-nitrobenzoyl)-beta-alanine 
• 69-72-7 salicylic acid 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Identification of the subtype-selective Sirt5 inhibitor balsalazide through systematic SAR analysis and rationalization via theoretical investigations

We report here an extensive structure-activity relationship study of balsalazide, which was previously identified in a high-throughput screening as an inhibitor of Sirt5. To get a closer understanding why this compound is able to inhibit Sirt5, we initially performed docking experiments comparing the binding mode of a succinylated peptide as the natural substrate and balsalazide with Sirt5 in the presence of NAD+. Based on the evidence gathered here, we designed and synthesized 13 analogues of balsalazide, in which single functional groups were either deleted or slightly altered to investigate which of them are mandatory for high inhibitory activity. Our study confirms that balsalazide with all its given functional groups is an inhibitor of Sirt5 in the low micromolar concentration range and structural modifications presented in this study did not increase potency. While changes on the N-aroyl-β-alanine side chain eliminated potency, the introduction of a truncated salicylic acid part minimally altered potency. Calculations of the associated reaction paths showed that the inhibition potency is very likely dominated by the stability of the inhibitor-enzyme complex and not the type of inhibition (covalent vs. non-covalent). Further in-vitro characterization in a trypsin coupled assay determined that the tested inhibitors showed no competition towards NAD+ or the synthetic substrate analogue ZKsA. In addition, investigations for subtype selectivity revealed that balsalazide is a subtype-selective Sirt5 inhibitor, and our initial SAR and docking studies pave the way for further optimization.

A synthetic balsalazide sodium intermediates (by machine translation)

A synthetic balsalazide sodium intermediates, which belongs to the technical field of pharmaceutical intermediates. The process in the nitro also reduced to ammonia for use by a Zr12 - TPDC - Pd as a catalyst, the catalyst for the water directly as solvent, at room temperature under atmospheric pressure of hydrogen atmosphere can be the step of the reaction yield is improved to 99% or more. In the direct reaction of the water, the separation of the intermediate product is not used, the production process is greatly simplified, at the same time reduce organic solvent to the environment caused by pollution, the final product is that the product is a yellow or red yellow crystalline powder; odorless; bitter taste, purity is very high. Using efficient Zr12 - TPDC - Pd catalyst reduces the environment pollution and difficulty of post-processing; and easy operation, processing is simple. By adopting the optimized synthetic route, has greatly improved yield, reduce the cost, improve the safety, energy saving and the like, in accordance with the green reaction of modern chemical production requirement. (by machine translation)

Sustainable Synthesis of Balsalazide and Sulfasalazine Based on Diazotization with Low Concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide in Air

Low concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, which arises as a side product from a range of industrial processes, can effectively be recycled through the diazotization of anilines. The studies reported herein now demonstrate that the removal of nitrogen dioxide from gas streams is even more effective when hydrophilic anilines are used as starting materials. The diazonium salts, which are obtained in this way in up to quantitative yields, can directly be employed in azo coupling reactions, thus opening up an attractive route to the industrially important group of azo compounds.

Synthesis and characterization of metabolites and potential impurities of balsalazide disodium, an anti-inflammatory drug

Balsalazide disodium (Colazide) is an oral prodrug of mesalamine (5-aminosalicylic acid) and possesses anti-inflammatory properties. During the process development for balsalazide disodium, we observed eight impurities, namely des-alanine balsalazide, balsalazide-alanine, balsalazide 3-isomer, decarboxy balsalazide, bis-azo salicylic acid, biphenyl-azo salicylic acid, bis-azo diacid, and bis-azo triacid. The present work describes the synthesis and characterization of these impurities. Copyrigh

Safe process for the preparation of balsalazide

A process for the preparation of Balsalazide and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts wherein the reaction comprises: a. the intermediate N-(4-aminobenzoyl)-β-alanine is converted to N-(4-ammoniumbenzoyl)-β-alanine sulfonate salt using a sulfonic acid in