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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Development of diarylpentadienone analogues as alpha-glucosidase inhibitor: Synthesis, in vitro biological and in vivo toxicity evaluations, and molecular docking analysis

A series of aminated- (1–9) and sulfonamide-containing diarylpentadienones (10–18) were synthesized, structurally characterized, and evaluated for their in vitro anti-diabetic potential on α-glucosidase and DPP-4 enzymes. It was found that all the new molecules were non-associated PAINS compounds. The sulfonamide-containing series (compounds 10–18) selectively inhibited α-glucosidase over DPP-4, in which compound 18 demonstrated the highest activity with an IC50 value of 5.69 ± 0.5 μM through a competitive inhibition mechanism. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies concluded that the introduction of the trifluoromethylbenzene sulfonamide moiety was essential for the suppression of α-glucosidase. The most active compound 18, was then further tested for in vivo toxicities using the zebrafish animal model, with no toxic effects detected in the normal embryonic development, blood vessel formation, and apoptosis of zebrafish. Docking simulation studies were also carried out to better understand the binding interactions of compound 18 towards the homology modeled α -glucosidase and the human lysosomal α -glucosidase enzymes. The overall results suggest that the new sulfonamide-containing diarylpentadienones, compound 18, could be a promising candidate in the search for a new α-glucosidase inhibitor, and can serve as a basis for further studies involving hit-to-lead optimization, in vivo efficacy and safety assessment in an animal model and mechanism of action for the treatment of T2DM patients.

Synthesis, structural characterization, and cytotoxic evaluation of chalcone derivatives

Chalcones containing amino or acetamide groups on ring A and electron donating/withdrawing groups on ring B have been shown to have great cytotoxic potential against human cancer cell lines. In this work, a series of twenty chalcones, including nine 1-(4′-aminophenyl)-3-(substituted aryl)-2-propen-1-ones (1–9), nine 1-(4′-acetamidophenyl)-3-(substituted aryl)-2-propen-1-ones (1a–9a), and two 1-(3′-methoxy-4′-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(substituted aryl)-2-propen-1-ones (10, 11), were synthesized and submitted for initial biological screening using HCT-116 cells. Among the evaluated compounds, chalcone 6a showed strong and selective activity against HCT-116 cells (IC50 = 2.37 ± 0.73 μM). The preliminary structure–activity relationship analysis indicated that the cytotoxic effect of these compounds might be attributed to the combined effect of two electron withdrawing groups: the nitro group (NO2) at the meta-position of ring B and the acetyl group at the para-position of ring A. Moreover, chalcone 6a was able to induce G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis at a concentration of 10 μM after 24 h of incubation. These data reinforce that compound 6a could be a promising lead compound for the future exploration of selective anti-colon carcinoma cancer agents.

Synthesis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of novel 1,5 benzodiazepine derivatives

In the present study, a series of novel 2-(substituted phenyl)-3-styryl-2,3-dihydro- 1H-benzo [b] [1,4] diazepines (1-12) has been synthesized from 1,5-(disubstituted phenyl)-2,4-pentadien-1-ones (1a-12a). 1,5-(disubstituted phenyl)-2,4-pentadien-1-ones were prepared by condensing cinnamaldehyde with various aromatic ketones in the presence of 20% NaOH as base. Different 1,5-(disubstituted phenyl)-2,4-pentadien-1-ones on cyclisation with o-phenylene diamine in the presence of NaOH as base resulted in 2-(substituted phenyl)-3-styryl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo [b] [1,4] diazepine derivatives. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopic studies. All titled compounds were screened for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Most of the compounds showed promising cytotoxic, antibacterial and antifungal activities.

Discovery of novel AHLs as potent antiproliferative agents

Three series of novel AHL analogs were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against four human cancer cell lines. The SARs investigation indicated that AHLs with a terminal phenyl group, especially those with the chalcone scaffold had remarkably enhanced cytotoxicity than those with the hydrophobic side chains. Besides, some of these compounds were much more potent than 5-Fu and natural OdDHL. Through the detailed SARs discussions, we found that compounds 10a-k and 14 with the 4-amino chalcone scaffold showed excellent inhibition against all the tested cancer cell lines and were much more potent than 5-Fu and AHLs. Such scaffold may act as a template for further lead optimization. Compound 10i with a 3, 4, 5-trimethoxy group was the most potent one against all the tested cancer cell lines. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that analog 11e induced the cellular apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of MCF-7 cells at G2/M phase in a concentration-and time-dependent manner.

Synthesis, characterization and biological activity studies of some substituted pyrimidine derivatives

A new series of substituted 1-phenyl-3-styryl-4,5-dihydo-1H-pyrazoles (TP1-TP9) has been synthesized by the cyclisation of chalcones with phenyl hydrazine and glacial acetic acid and substituted 4-styryl-pyrimidin-2-ols (LP1-LP9) have been synthesized by the condensation of chalcones with urea in the presence of 40% NaOH as a base. The intermediate substituted 1,5-diphenylpenta-2,4-dien-1-ones were synthesized by condensing cinnamaldehyde with various substituted aromatic ketones in presence of 20% NaOH. The title compounds obtained were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, mass spectral data and were screened for antimicrobial, anticancer and antitubercular activity.

Synthesis of new chalcone derivatives containing acridinyl moiety with potential antimalarial activity

A series of novel chalcones bearing acridine moiety attached to the amino group in their ring A have been synthesized through noncatalyzed nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction between various 3′-aminochalcone or 4′-aminochalcones and 9-chloroacridine. The synthesized chalcone derivatives have been characterized and screened for in vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum NF-54. All the chalcones showed complete inhibition at concentration of 10 μg/mL and above while three compounds showed significant inhibition at concentration of 2 μg/mL. The three most active chalcone derivatives were screened for in vivo activity as well, but no significant inhibition in parasitaemia was observed when given intraperitoneally to Plasmodium yoelii infected mice model.