88223-32-9Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Aldehyde/ketone-catalyzed highly selective synthesis of 9-monoalkylated fluorenes by dehydrative C-alkylation with primary and secondary alcohols
Chen, Jianhui,Li, Yang,Li, Shuangyan,Liu, Jianping,Zheng, Fei,Zhang, Zhengping,Xu, Qing
, p. 623 - 628 (2017/08/17)
By using aldehydes or ketones as the catalyst and screening CsOH out as the more effective base than KOH in many instances, an efficient 9-C-alkylation of fluorenes with alcohols was achieved to provide a green and practical method for general synthesis of the useful 9-monoalkylated fluorenes in high selectivities. This new method tolerates a wide range of substrates including activated and unactivated primary and secondary alcohols, thus solving the issues remaining in the field and largely broadening the diversity of the 9-monoalkylated fluorenes. Consequently, fine-tuning of the alkylated fluorenes was made possible to provide specific fluorene monomers for function-oriented polyfluorenes. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that the external carbonyl compounds can be quantitatively regenerated and recovered in the reaction cycle.
REACTIVITY OF CARBANIONS. XIV. KINETICS OF THE ALKYLATION OF CARBANIONS OF THE FLUORENYL TYPE AND THEIR ION PAIRS BY BUTYL BROMIDE
Solov'yanov, A. A.,Beletskaya, I. P.,Reutov, O. A.
, p. 1592 - 1603 (2007/10/02)
The reaction rate constants were determined for the free carbanions and their ion pairs in the reaction of the lithium and cesium salts of 9-cyano-, 9-methoxycarbonyl-, 9-phenyl-, 9-triphenylmethyl-, 9-trimethylsilyl-, 9-benzyl-, 9-methyl-, 9-tert-butyl-, 2-cyano-, 2-bromo-, 2-methyl-, and 2-dimethylaminofluorenes, fluorene, 1-azafluorene, 3-methyl-2-azafluorene, 1,2-benzofluorene, and fluoradene with butyl bromide in dimethoxyethane at 25 gradC.The obtained data can be used as the basis for the creation of a scale of relative nucleophilicity in the carbanions.
