921194-97-0Relevant articles and documents
Development and Profiling of Inverse Agonist Tools for the Neuroprotective Transcription Factor Nurr1
Zaienne, Daniel,Willems, Sabine,Schierle, Simone,Heering, Jan,Merk, Daniel
, p. 15126 - 15140 (2021/10/25)
The ligand-sensing transcription factor nuclear receptor related 1 (Nurr1) evolves as an appealing target to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Despite its therapeutic potential observed in various rodent models, potent modulators for Nurr1 are lacking as pharmacological tools. Here, we report the structure-activity relationship and systematic optimization of indole-based inverse Nurr1 agonists. Optimized analogues decreased the receptor's intrinsic transcriptional activity by up to more than 90% and revealed preference for inhibiting Nurr1 monomer activity. In orthogonal cell-free settings, we detected displacement of NCoRs and disruption of the Nurr1 homodimer as molecular modes of action. The inverse Nurr1 agonists reduced the expression of Nurr1-regulated genes in T98G cells, and treatment with an inverse Nurr1 agonist mimicked the effect of Nurr1 silencing on interleukin-6 release from LPS-stimulated human astrocytes. The indole-based inverse Nurr1 agonists valuably extend the toolbox of Nurr1 modulators to further probe the role of Nurr1 in neuroinflammation, cancer, and beyond.
De Novo Synthesis of Benzannelated Heterocycles
Feierfeil, Johannes,Magauer, Thomas
supporting information, p. 1455 - 1458 (2017/12/28)
Benzannelated heterocycles such as indoles and indazoles are prominent structural motifs found in natural products, pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. For their synthesis, chemists traditionally either functionalize commercially available heterocycles or resort to transformations that make use of benzene-derived building blocks. Here, we report a powerful cascade reaction that enables the de novo construction of variously substituted indoles, indazoles, benzofurans and benzothiophenes from readily available bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-ones. The transformation can be conducted under mild, non-anhydrous conditions. For the synthesis of indoles, mechanistic studies revealed that the electrocyclic ring-opening of the bicyclic ring-system and aromatization precedes the 3,3-sigmatropic rearrangement.