92357-95-4

Upstream product

• 92-84-2 10H-phenothiazine 
• 81055-36-9 1-bromo-3-(toluene-4-sulfonyloxy)propane 
• 109-64-8 1,3-dibromo-propane 

Downstream Products

• 84-97-9 Perazin 
• 110435-59-1 10-<3-(Aethyl-piperazino)-propyl>-phenthiazin. 
• 97921-94-3 10-[3-(4-isopropyl-piperazin-1-yl)-propyl]-10H-phenothiazine 
• 47621-82-9 [2-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-ethyl]-(3-phenothiazin-10-yl-propyl)-amine 
• 101199-34-2 3-(10-phenothiazinyl)propyltriethylammonium bromide 
• 101199-38-6 sodium 3-(10'-phenothiazinyl)propane-1-sulfonate 
• 1005214-98-1 C₃₉H₄₀N₂O₄S 
• 1169982-57-3 C₂₅H₂₃NO₅S 
• 101199-36-4 3-(10-phenothiazinyl)propyltriethylammonium chloride 
• 103331-66-4 N.N'-Bis-<3-(phenthiazinyl-(10))-propyl>-piperazin. 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Solvent effects on photosensitized splitting of thymine cyclobutane dimer by an attached phenothiazine

The splitting quantum yields of the dimer by tethered chromophores exhibited different solvent effects. To further explore mechanism of the solvent effects, three covalently linked phenothiazine-dimer model compounds with a short linker, 1a-1c, were prepared. It was observed that solvent effect on dimer-splitting efficiency for phenothiazine-dimer systems is contrary to that of the other chromophore-dimer systems. Calculated results based on the Marcus theory showed that phenothiazine systems with a lower driving force induced by a lower value of Eox have a longer donor-acceptor distance between phenothiazine moiety and dimer unit, then gives a higher λs. Thus, back electron transfer would lie in the Marcus normal region for phenothiazine-dimer models, in which dimer-splitting is more efficient in higher polarity solvents. The value of redox potential between a donor and an acceptor should be a key leading to back electron transfer lying in the different Marcus regions and following two reverse solvent effects. Moreover, fluorescence spectra showed that the dual fluorescence gives a hint of charge-transfer complexes, and partial charge transfer would lead to lower splitting efficiency. However, some new insights into mechanisms of DNA photoreactivation mediated by photolyases were gained.

A highly selective and sensitive photoinduced electron transfer (PET) based HOCl fluorescent probe in water and its endogenous imaging in living cells

A probe based on the phenothiazine-acridine orange conjugate (Ptz-AO) has been designed and synthesized for the sensitive and selective detection of HOCl. Ptz-AO has excellent properties, including pH-independence of fluorescence, high resistance to photobleaching, and response in real time. The value of Ptz-AO was confirmed by exogenous, endogenous and the real-time imaging of HOCl in vitro using a fluorescence microscope.

PROTEOLYSIS TARGETING CHIMERIC (PROTAC) COMPOUND WITH E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE BINDING ACTIVITY AND TARGETING ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN PROTEIN FOR TREATING NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES

The present disclosure relates to bifunctional compounds, which find utility as modulators of alpha-synuclein (target protein). In particular, the present disclosure is directed to bifunctional compounds, which contain on one end a Von Hippel-Lindau, cereblon, Inhibitors of Apotosis Proteins or mouse double-minute homolog 2 ligand which binds to the respective E3 ubiquitin ligase and on the other end a moiety which binds the target protein, such that the target protein is placed in proximity to the ubiquitin ligase to effect degradation (and inhibition) of target protein. The present disclosure exhibits a broad range of pharmacological activities associated with degradation/ inhibition of target protein. Diseases or disorders that result from aggregation or accumulation of the target protein are treated or prevented with compounds and compositions of the present disclosure. Such diseases or disorders are alpha-synucleinopathies or neurodegenerative diseases associated with alpha-synuclein accumulation and aggregation, such as e.g. Parkinson Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies or multiple system atrophy, in particular Parkinson's Disease.

Phenothiazine-based metal organic framework material as well as preparation method and application thereof

The invention provides a phenothiazine-based nano metal organic framework material which takes a formula (I) compound as an organic ligand, the structure of the formula (I) compound is as shown in thespecification, a NMOFs sensor with high reactivity detects HClO, and has high selectivity, and the detection accuracy is guaranteed. Compared with a common organic polymer-like HClO sensor, the NMOFssensor has the advantage of being visible by naked eyes.

UiO-68-PT MOF-Based Sensor and Its Mixed Matrix Membrane for Detection of HClO in Water

As an important type of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypochloric acid (HClO) is closely linked with our daily life, and its convenient and rapid detection is very significant and imperative. Fluorescent and visual probes are being recognized as powerful and convenient tools for detection of ROS in the environment and living organisms by visualizing and imaging. In this contribution, a new metal-organic framework-based fluorescent probe UiO-68-PT, which was generated from a phenthiazine-decorated benzimidazole bridging dicarboxyl ligand and ZrCl4 under solvothermal conditions via in situ one-pot approach, is reported. The obtained UiO-68-PT features a unique HClO and Vitamin C-triggered reversible redox process, which is accompanied by both visual and fluorescence changes. Therefore, it can be a highly sensitive, specific, and reusable sensor to detect HClO species in water via both visual and fluorogenic observation (turn-on). Furthermore, its mixed membrane material (MMM) was fabricated by the combination of UiO-68-PT and poly(vinyl alcohol), and the obtained hydrophilic MMM can be used as a reversible colorimetric card for visual detection of the HClO in aqueous solution.

A bifunctional molecule as an artificial flavin mononucleotide cyclase and a chemosensor for selective fluorescent detection of flavins

Flavins, comprising flavin mononucleotide (FMN), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and riboflavin (RF, vitamin B2), play important roles in numerous redox reactions such as those taking place in the electron-transfer chains of mitochondria in

Synthesis and biochemical characterization of new phenothiazines and related drugs as MDR reversal agents

Chemotherapy is one of the most important methods in the treatment of cancer. However, development of drug resistance during chemotherapy is the leading cause of treatment failure and decreased survival in cancer patients. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the extensively studied forms of drug resistance for more than 30 years. The members of ATP-binding cassette protein family are responsible for multidrug resistance with P-glycoprotein as most representative transporter. To overcome multidrug resistance, pharmacological modulation of the transporters by efflux pump inhibitors seem to be the first choice, but preclinical studies did not lead to clinical applications. Therefore, a systematical research for pharmacophor structures is a promising strategy to increase the efficacy of those drugs still influencing multidrug resistance. In this study a range of phenothiazine derivatives was synthesizied with systematical variation of three molecule domains. The biochemical determination of multidrug resistance reversal activity was achieved with the crystalviolet assay on LLC-PK1/MDR1 cells. The results will be discussed considering of hypotheses in the literature directed to new structure-acitivity relationships to overcome drug resistance in the future.

'Porphyrin-Phenothiazine' Hybrid Molecules: Marked Dependence of Light Induced Nuclease Activity on the Linker Moiety

Porphyrine-phenothiazine hybrid molecules have been synthesized for the first time and their light induced DNA cleavage activity, as a function of linker group, has been evaluated.

Coulombic Effect on Photoinduced Electron-Transfer Reactions between Phenothiazines and Viologens

Photoinduced electron-transfer reactions between excited phenothiazine derivatives (PTH) and viologens (V) were investigated in aqueous acetonitrile at room temperature.Ionic substituents on PTH or V strongly affected the reaction kinetics, and the Coulombic effects on the reactions were interpreted by the work terms wr and wp, where r and p represent reactants and products, respectively.Fluorescence quenching reactions proceeded with the diffusion-controlled rate constants which were dependent on wr and were explained by the Debye-Smoluchowski equation.Charge separation efficiency (F) corresponding to the cage escape yield of geminate ion radical pair strongly depended on (wp - wr), which indicated that (i) the back-electron-transfer rate determined F and (ii) the Coulombic work terms decided the back-electron-transfer rate.Quantitative teatments of the present results demonstrated that Coulombic effects can be used effectively to generate highly efficient photoredox systems.