928138-99-2Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Exploring the biological consequences of conformational changes in aspartame models containing constrained analogues of phenylalanine
Mollica, Adriano,Mirzaie, Sako,Costante, Roberto,Carradori, Simone,Macedonio, Giorgia,Stefanucci, Azzurra,Dvoracsko, Szabolcs,Novellino, Ettore
, p. 953 - 963 (2016)
The dipeptide aspartame (Asp-Phe-OMe) is a sweetener widely used in replacement of sucrose by food industry. 2′,6′-Dimethyltyrosine (DMT) and 2′,6′-dimethylphenylalanine (DMP) are two synthetic phenylalanine-constrained analogues, with a limited freedom in χ-space due to the presence of methyl groups in position 2′,6′ of the aromatic ring. These residues have shown to increase the activity of opioid peptides, such as endomorphins improving the binding to the opioid receptors. In this work, DMT and DMP have been synthesized following a diketopiperazine-mediated route and the corresponding aspartame derivatives (Asp-DMT-OMe and Asp-DMP-OMe) have been evaluated in vivo and in silico for their activity as synthetic sweeteners.
Transformation of μ-opioid receptor agonists into biologically potent μ-opioid receptor antagonists
Li, Tingyou,Jinsmaa, Yunden,Nedachi, Masahiro,Miyazaki, Anna,Tsuda, Yuko,Ambo, Akihiro,Sasaki, Yusuke,Bryant, Sharon D.,Marczak, Ewa,Li, Qiang,Swartzwelder, H. Scott,Lazarus, Lawrence H.,Okada, Yoshio
, p. 1237 - 1251 (2008/03/11)
N-Allylation (-CH2-CH{double bond, long}CH2) of [Dmt1]endomorphins yielded the following: (i) [N-allyl-Dmt1]endomorphin-2 (Dmt = 2′,6′-dimethyl-l-tyrosine) (12) and [N-allyl-Dmt1]endomorphin-1 (15) (Kiμ = 0.45 and 0.26 nM, respectively) became μ-antagonists (pA2 = 8.59 and 8.18, respectively) with weak δ-antagonism (pA2 = 6.32 and 7.32, respectively); (ii) intracerebroventricularly administered 12 inhibited morphine-induced CNS-mediated antinociception in mice [AD50 (0.148 ng/mouse) was 16-fold more potent than naloxone], but not spinal antinociception, and (iii) 15 reversed the alcohol-elevated frequency in spontaneous inhibitory post-synaptic currents (IPSC) in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells in rat brain slices (P = 0.0055). Similarly, N-allylation of the potent μ-opioidmimetic agonists, 1,6-bis-[H-Dmt-NH]-hexane and 3,6-bis-[Dmt-NH-propyl]-2(1H)-pyrazinone, converted them into μ-antagonists (pA2 = 7.23 and 7.17 for the N-allyl-derivatives 17 and 19, respectively), and exhibited weak δ-antagonism. Thus, N-allylation of Dmt containing opioid peptides or opioidmimetics continues to provide a facile means to convert selective μ-opioid agonists into potent μ-opioid antagonists.
