94319-85-4Relevant articles and documents
The α-effect in hydrazinolysis of 4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl x-substituted-benzoates: Effect of substituent x on reaction mechanism and the α-effect
Kim, Min-Young,Kim, Tae-Eun,Lee, Jieun,Um, Ik-Hwan
, p. 2271 - 2276 (2014/09/29)
Second-order rate constants (kN) have been measured spectrophotometrically for the reaction of 4-chloro-2- nitrophenyl X-substituted-benzoates (6a-6h) with a series of primary amines including hydrazine in 80 mol % H2O/20 mol % DMSO at 25.0°C. The Bronsted-type plot for the reaction of 4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl benzoate (6d) is linear with βnuc = 0.74 when hydrazine is excluded from the correlation. Such a linear Bronsted-type plot is typical for reactions reported previously to proceed through a stepwise mechanism in which expulsion of the leaving group occurs in the rate-determining step (RDS). The Hammett plots for the reactions of 6a-6h with hydrazine and glycylglycine are nonlinear. In contrast, the Yukawa-Tsuno plots exhibit excellent linear correlations with ?X = 1.29-1.45 and r = 0.53-0.56, indicating that the nonlinear Hammett plots are not due to a change in RDS but are caused by resonance stabilization of the substrates possessing an electron-donating group (EDG). Hydrazine is ca. 47-93 times more reactive than similarly basic glycylglycine toward 6a-6h (e.g., the α-effect). The α-effect increases as the substituent X in the benzoyl moiety becomes a stronger electronwithdrawing group (EWG), indicating that destabilization of the ground state (GS) of hydrazine through the repulsion between the nonbonding electron pairs on the two N atoms is not solely responsible for the substituent-dependent α-effect. Stabilization of transition state (TS) through five-membered cyclic TSs, which would increase the electrophilicity of the reaction center or the nucleofugality of the leaving group, contributes to the α-effect observed in this study.
Structure-activity relationships for the binding of arylpiperazines and arylbiguanides at 5-HT3 serotonin receptors
Dukat, Malgorzata,Abdel-Rahman, Ashraf A.,Ismaiel, Abd M.,Ingher, Stacy,Teitler, Milt,Gyermek, Laszlo,Glennon, Richard A.
, p. 4017 - 4026 (2007/10/03)
Arylpiperazines are nonselective agents that bind at 5-HT3 serotonin receptors with moderate to high affinity, whereas 1-phenylbiguanide is a low- affinity but more selective 5-HT3 agonist. In an attempt to enhance the affinity of th