976-60-3Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Amide/Iminium Zwitterionic Catalysts for (Trans)esterification: Application in Biodiesel Synthesis
Lam, Ying-Pong,Ng, Wing-Hin,Tan, Fei,Tse, Ying-Lung Steve,Wang, Xinyan,Yeung, Ying-Yeung
, p. 8083 - 8092 (2019)
A class of zwitterionic organocatalysts based on an amide anion/iminium cation charge pair has been developed. The zwitterions are easily prepared by reacting aziridines with aminopyridines. They are catalytically applicable to transesterifications and dehydrative esterifications. Mechanistic studies reveal that the amide anion and iminium cation work synergistically in activating the reaction partners, with the iminium cationic moiety interacting with the carbonyl substrates through nonclassical hydrogen bonding. The reaction can be applied to large-scale synthesis of biodiesel under mild conditions.
ZWITTERIONIC CATALYSTS FOR (TRANS)ESTERIFICATION: APPLICATION IN FLUOROINDOLE-DERIVATIVES AND BIODIESEL SYNTHESIS
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Paragraph 0017; 0030, (2021/01/29)
An amide/iminium zwitterion catalyst has a catalyst pocket size that promotes transesterification and dehydrative esterification. The amide/iminium zwitterions are easily prepared by reacting aziridines with aminopyridines. The reaction can be applied a wide variety of esterification processes including the large-scale synthesis of biodiesel. The amide/iminium zwitterions allow the avoidance of strongly basic or acidic condition and avoidance of metal contamination in the products. Reactions are carried out at ambient or only modestly elevated temperatures. The amide/iminium zwitterion catalyst is easily recycled and reactions proceed in high to quantitative yields.
