98892-75-2Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Ionic liquids as advantageous solvents for headspace gas chromatography of compounds with low vapor pressure
Andre,Loidl,Laus,Schottenberger,Bentivoglio,Wurst,Ongania
, p. 702 - 705 (2005)
The potential of ionic liquids as solvents for headspace gas chromatography was investigated. Three compounds with boiling points above 200 °C were selected to demonstrate the feasibility of the concept described. 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, formamide, and tri-
Molecular states of water in room temperature ionic liquids
Cammarata,Kazarian,Salter,Welton
, p. 5192 - 5200 (2001)
ATR and transmission IR spectroscopy have been used to investigate the state of water in room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) based on the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cation with the anions: [PF6]-, [SbF6]-, [
First ring-opening metathesis polymerization in an ionic liquid. Efficient recycling of a catalyst generated from a cationic ruthenium allenylidene complex
Csihony, Szilard,Fischmeister, Cedric,Bruneau, Christian,Horvath, Istvan T.,Dixneuf, Pierre H.
, p. 1667 - 1670 (2002)
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene was carried out in a biphasic medium (consisting of the ionic liquid [bdmim][PF6] and toluene with a cationic ruthenium allenylidene precatalyst. The ionic liquid contained the rutheni
Determination of an acidic scale in room temperature ionic liquids
Thomazeau, Cecile,Olivier-Bourbigou, Helene,Magna, Lionel,Luts, Stephane,Gilbert, Bernard
, p. 5264 - 5265 (2003)
The acidity scale of different Bronsted acids in ionic liquids such as [BMIM][NTf2], [BMIM][BF4], and [BMMIM][BF4] has been investigated by determination of Hammett functions, using a spectrophotometric indicator method. This scale should permit one to correlate the acidity strength of ionic liquid systems with their ability to achieve acid-catalyzed reactions. Copyright
Controlling the reactions of 1-bromogalactose acetate in methanol using ionic liquids as co-solvents
Gilbert, Alyssa,Haines, Ronald S.,Harper, Jason B.
supporting information, p. 5442 - 5452 (2020/09/09)
The reactions of an acetobromogalactose in mixtures of methanol and one of seven different ionic liquids with varying constituent ions were studied. In general, small amounts of ionic liquid in the reaction mixture led to increases in the rate constant compared to methanol, whilst large amounts of ionic liquid led to decreases in the rate constant; this outcome differs significantly from previous reactions proceeding through this mechansim. Temperature dependent kinetic studies indicated that the dominant interaction driving these changes was between the ionic liquid and the transition state of the process. Through considering solvent parameters of ionic liquids, a relationship was found between the changes in the rate constant and both the hydrogen bond accepting ability and polarisability of the solvent, indicating that the interactions affecting reaction outcome are both specific and non-specific in nature; once more, these interactions were different to those observed in previous similar reactions. By changing the amount of ionic liquid in the reaction mixture, additional products not seen in the molecular solvent case were observed, the ratios of which are dependent on the anion of the ionic liquid and the proportion of ionic liquid in the reaction mixture. This demonstrates the importance of considering solvent effects on both the rate and product determining steps and the potential application of such changes is discussed.
Correlating ionic liquid solvent effects with solvent parameters for a reaction that proceeds through a xanthylium intermediate
Gilbert, Alyssa,Bucher, G?tz,Haines, Ronald S.,Harper, Jason B.
supporting information, p. 9336 - 9342 (2019/11/13)
A unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction that proceeds through a xanthylium carbocation was studied in seven ionic liquid solvents. It was found that the general trend in the rate constant with changing proportion of ionic liquid in the reaction mixture was different to that seen for other unimolecular processes, with the rate constant increasing as more ionic liquid was added to the reaction mixture. A significant correlation was found between the natural logarithm of the rate constant and a combination of the Kamlet-Taft solvent parameters. This relationship indicated that the principal interaction involved hydrogen bonding between the ionic liquid and some species along the reaction coordinate. Further, this correlation enables prediction of the effects that other ionic liquids will have on this, and other, reactions that proceed through a similar intermediate.
Binary mixtures of ionic liquids-DMSO as solvents for the dissolution and derivatization of cellulose: Effects of alkyl and alkoxy side chains
Ferreira, Daniela C.,Oliveira, Mayara L.,Bioni, Thais A.,Nawaz, Haq,King, Alistair W.T.,Kilpel?inen, Ilkka,Hummel, Michael,Sixta, Herbert,El Seoud, Omar A.
, p. 206 - 214 (2019/02/25)
The efficiency of mixtures of ionic liquids (ILs) and molecular solvents in cellulose dissolution and derivatization depends on the structures of both components. We investigated the ILs 1-(1-butyl)-3-methylimidazolium acetate (C4MeImAc) and 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium acetate (C3OMeImAc) and their solutions in dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO, to assess the effect of presence of an ether linkage in the IL side-chain. Surprisingly, C4MeImAc-DMSO was more efficient than C3OMeImAc-DMSO for the dissolution and acylation of cellulose. We investigated both solvents using rheology, NMR spectroscopy, and solvatochromism. Mixtures of C3OMeImAc-DMSO are more viscous, less basic, and form weaker hydrogen bonds with cellobiose than C4MeImAc-DMSO. We attribute the lower efficiency of C3OMeImAc to “deactivation” of the ether oxygen and C2–H of the imidazolium ring due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Using the corresponding ILs with C2–CH3 instead of C2–H, namely, 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium acetate (C4Me2ImAc) and 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-2,3-dimethylimidazolium acetate (C3OMe2ImAc) increased the concentration of dissolved cellulose; without noticeable effect on biopolymer reactivity.
Effect of Hydroxyl Groups in a Cation Structure on the Properties of Ionic Liquids
Krasovskiy,Chernikova,Glukhov,Kapustin,Koroteev
, p. 2379 - 2385 (2019/01/03)
Two series of imidazolium ionic liquids with the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion were synthesized, which differ by the presence of a hydroxyl group at the ω-position of the alkyl substituent in the cation structure (nC = 2–8). The properties of the liquids were studied by DSC, TGA, and IR and NMR spectroscopy. Their thermal stability was studied, and the melting points, viscosity, and volatility in vacuum were measured. The effect of OH groups in the structure of the ionic liquid on its properties was evaluated.
The impact of ionic liquids on the coordination of anions with solvatochromic copper complexes
Kuzmina,Hassan,Patel,Ashworth,Bakis,White,Hunt,Welton
supporting information, p. 12185 - 12200 (2017/09/25)
Solvatochromic transition metal (TM)-complexes with weakly associating counter-anions are often used to evaluate traditional neutral solvent and anion coordination ability. However, when employed in ionic liquids (IL) many of the common assumptions made are no longer reliable. This study investigates the coordinating ability of weakly coordinating IL anions in traditional solvents and within IL solvents employing a range of solvatochromic copper complexes. Complexes of the form [Cu(acac)(tmen)][X] (acac = acetylacetonate, tmen = tetramethylethylenediamine) where [X]- = [ClO4]-, Cl-, [NO3]-, [SCN]-, [OTf]-, [NTf2]- and [PF6]- have been synthesised and characterised both experimentally and computationally. ILs based on these anions and imidazolium and pyrrolidinium cations, some of which are functionalised with hydroxyl and nitrile groups, have been examined. IL-anion coordination has been investigated and compared to typical weakly coordinating anions. We have found there is potential for competition at the Cu-centre and cases of anions traditionally assigned as weakly associating that demonstrate a stronger than expected level of coordinating ability within ILs. [Cu(acac)(tmen)][PF6] is shown to contain the least coordinating anion and is established as the most sensitive probe studied here. Using this probe, the donor numbers (DNs) of ILs have been determined. Relative donor ability is further confirmed based on the UV-Vis of a neutral complex, [Cu(sacsac)2] (sacsac = dithioacetylacetone), and DNs evaluated via23Na NMR spectroscopy. We demonstrate that ILs can span a wide donor range, similar in breadth to conventional solvents.
Rationalising the effects of ionic liquids on a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction
Hawker, Rebecca R.,Wong, Michaela J.,Haines, Ronald S.,Harper, Jason B.
supporting information, p. 6433 - 6440 (2017/08/10)
The nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction between 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and ethanol was examined in a series of ionic liquids across a range of mole fractions. Temperature-dependent kinetic analyses were undertaken to determine the activation parameters for this reaction at the highest mole fraction. As the mole fraction of ionic liquid was increased, the rate constant of the reaction also increased, however the microscopic origin of the rate enhancement was shown to be different between different ionic liquids and also between different solvent compositions. These results indicate a balance between microscopic interactions that result in the observed solvent effects and a qualitative method for analysing such interactions is introduced.
