99299-09-9Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Design and Structural Optimization of Dual FXR/PPARδActivators
Schierle, Simone,Neumann, Sebastian,Heitel, Pascal,Willems, Sabine,Kaiser, Astrid,Pollinger, Julius,Merk, Daniel
, p. 8369 - 8379 (2020/08/12)
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is considered as severe hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and has alarming global prevalence. The ligand-activated transcription factors farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δhave been validated as molecular targets to counter NASH. To achieve robust therapeutic efficacy in this multifactorial pathology, combined peripheral PPAR?-mediated activity and hepatic effects of FXR activation appear as a promising multitarget approach. We have designed a minimal dual FXR/PPARδactivator scaffold by rational fusion of pharmacophores derived from selective agonists. Our dual agonist lead compound exhibited weak agonism on FXR and PPARδand was structurally refined to a potent and balanced FXR/PPARδactivator in a computer-aided fashion. The resulting dual FXR/PPARδmodulator comprises high selectivity over related nuclear receptors and activates the two target transcription factors in native cellular settings.
Discovery and structural development of small molecules that enhance transport activity of bile salt export pump mutant associated with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2
Misawa, Takashi,Hayashi, Hisamitsu,Sugiyama, Yuichi,Hashimoto, Yuichi
, p. 2940 - 2949 (2012/06/29)
Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (PFIC2) is caused by hereditary mutations of bile salt export pump (BSEP), such as E297G BSEP, which is a folding-defective mutant that is unable to traffic beyond the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). 4-Phen
Metalation of Isoxazolyloxazolines, a Facile Route to Functionally Complex Isoxazoles: Utility, Scope, and Comparison to Dianion Methodology
Natale, N. R.,McKenna, John I.,Niou, Chorng-Shyr,Borth, Mark,Hope, Hakon
, p. 5660 - 5666 (2007/10/02)
2-(5'-Alkylisoxazol-4'-yl)-Δ2-oxazoline was metalated at the C-5' alkyl group, and the lithio anion was quenched with a variety of electrophiles.Alkyl halides, aldehydes, and acylpyridinium salts were used as electrophiles.The lithio anion was oxygenated with MOOPH or N-(phenylsulfonyl)oxaziridene.The isoxazolyloxazoline system was converted to the isoxazolyl carboxylic acid, aldehyde, ketone, and chiral oxazoline.The isoxazolyloxazoline was formed, metalated, and deprotected in synthetically useful yields and represents a facile entry into functionally complex isoxazoles.To determine the necessity of the oxazoline protection/deprotection scheme, dianions of isoxazole-4-carboxylic acids were studied.The dianion method was found to be more efficient for simple alkyl halides, but limited in scope.
