Reference

Metabolites of lesser grain borer in grains

Metabolites of lesser grain borer in grains. Seitz, Larry M.; Ram, M. S. (Grain Quality and Structure Research Unit, Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52(4), 898-908 (English) 2004 American Chemical Society. CODEN: JAFCAU. ISSN: 0021-8561. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 17 (Food and Feed Chemistry) Section cross-reference(s): 12 Many volatile alc. and ester metabolites of the lesser grain borer (LGB, Rhyzopertha dominica) cultured on wheat grain were identified. Volatiles from infested samples at 80° were collected on Tenax absorbent, thermally desorbed, and analyzed by gas chromatog. (GC) using IR and mass (MS) detectors for component identification. A solid-phase microextn. (SPME) technique was used to analyze selected samples with a GC-MS system set up for obtaining chem. ionization mass spectra. SPME was also used in a synthesis process required to identify ester metabolites. Predominant compds. in LGB-infested grains were 2-pentanol and its esters of 2-methyl-2-pentenoic (A) and 2,4-dimethyl-2-pentenoic (B) acids, which are known aggregation pheromones, dominicalures 1 and 2. 2-Pentanol esters of satd. 676264-20-3 which is the cas registry number of some chemical is mentioned. A, b-keto- and b-hydroxy derivs. of A and B, homologs of A and B, and acid moieties lacking the 2-Me substitution were found. Other straight- and branched-chain secondary alcs. and their esters were also obsd. Reexamn. of GC-MS-IR data acquired in previous investigations of LGB cultured on sorghum grain and com. samples in a grain odor study showed the presence of many LGB metabolites in addn. to the known dominicalures. .

Ethylene dimerization

Ethylene dimerization. Knudsen, Ronald D. (Phillips Petroleum Co., USA). U.S. US 4487847 A 11 Dec 1984, 5 pp. (English). (United States of America). CODEN: USXXAM. CLASS: ICM: B01J031-24. NCL: 502155000. APPLICATION: US 83-517108 25 Jul 1983. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 23 (Aliphatic Compounds) An ethylene dimerization catalyst consisted of a Ni compd., a phosphine, and an acid. Thus, bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0), dicyclohexylphosphine, and 4-MeC6H4SO3H in PhMe catalyzed the dimerization of C2H4 at 700 psig and 55° to give 97.7% C4 fraction contg. 98.7% 1-butene. Other phosphines used included PPh3 and (4-FC6H4)3P. Other acids used included F3CSO3H and F3CCO2H. 2-Pentanol was also used as the solvent.