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| CAS No.: | 7440-39-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| Name: | Barium | |
| Article Data: | 214 | |
| Molecular Structure: | ||
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| Formula: | Ba | |
| Molecular Weight: | 137.33 | |
| Synonyms: | Bariumelement; | |
| EINECS: | 231-149-1 | |
| Density: | 3.6 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) | |
| Melting Point: | 725 °C(lit.) | |
| Boiling Point: | 1640 °C(lit.) | |
| Solubility: | Insoluble(decomposes) | |
| Appearance: | rod | |
| Hazard Symbols: | Flammable (pyrophoric) at room temperature in powder form; store under inert gas, petroleum, or other oxygen-free liquid. When heated to approximately 200C in hydrogen, barium reacts violently, forming BaH2. TLV: for all soluble barium compounds, 0.5 mg/m3 (as barium). | |
| Risk Codes: | 25-26-34 | |
| Safety: | Water and stomach acids solubilize barium salts and can cause poisoning. Symptoms are vomiting, colic, diarrhea, slow irregular pulse, transient hypertension, and convulsive tremors and muscular paralysis. Death may occur in a few hours to a few days. Half-life of barium in bone has been estimated at 50 days. Dust is dangerous and explosive when exposed to heat, flame, or chemical reaction. Violent or explosive reaction with water, CCl4, fluorotrichloromethane, trichloroethylene, and C2Cl4. Incompatible with acids, C2Cl3F3, C2H2FCl3, C2HCl3 and water, 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane, and fluorotrichloroethane. The powder may ignite or explode in air or other oxidizing gases. See also BARIUM COMPOUNDS (soluble). | |
Analytical Methods: | For occupational chemical analysis use NIOSH: Barium, Soluble Compounds, 7056. |
|
| Transport Information: | UN 3264 8 | |
| PSA: | 0.00000 | |
| LogP: | 0.22500 | |
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- 7440-39-3
barium
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| byproducts: NH3; decompn. in vac.; | 100% |
- 7440-39-3
barium
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| from solid recrystd. BaN6; hydrolysis; pure metal; | 100% |
| In neat (no solvent) thermic decomposition of Ba(N3)2;; | |
| byproducts: nitrogen; at 160-120 °C; |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| 5h in vac. at 1300-1340 °C; Metal distilles off. Repeated distn. gives 99.5% purity; | 98.5% |
| 4h in vac. at 1010-1030 °C; opening of apparatus under CO2, crushing of product under desiccated toluene to avoid self inflammation; Metal sublimes off. Repeated distn. gives 99.48% purity; | |
| sublimation in vac.; 99.9% Ba; | |
| sublimation in vac.; 99.9% Ba; |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| 1.5h at 1250°C; Ba distilles off; | 63% |
| 1.5h at 1250°C; Ba distilles off; | 63% |
| 1.5h in vac. at 1220-1230 °C; |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| In neat (no solvent) byproducts: CO, CO2; thermal decompn. (700-1200 K, 30-40 K steps, 5 min at each temp.-step); Auger spectroscopy, pressure monitoring; |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With pyrographite In neat (no solvent) heating of BaCO3 and charcoal forms BaO; BaO is reduced above 1400°C forming Ba or BaC2; examination of the weight-loss depending on heating rate;; | |
| With charcoal |
- 7440-39-3
barium
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With Fe/Si alloy In neat (no solvent) reduction of BaCO3 with an Fe-Si-alloy with 25% Fe;; | |
| With Ta or Nb In neat (no solvent) reduction of BaCO3 with Ta or Nb at 1600°C;; | |
| With Fe/Si alloy In neat (no solvent) reduction of BaCO3 with an Fe-Si-alloy with 25% Fe;; |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| In neat (no solvent) byproducts: C; heating equal amounts of carbonate and Al powder to red heat;; powdery product mixture obtained;; | |
| In neat (no solvent) byproducts: C; heating equal amounts of carbonate and Al powder to red heat;; powdery product mixture obtained;; |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With barium(II) chloride In neat (no solvent) Electrolysis; satn. of molten BaCl2-LiCl- or BaCl2-NaCl-mixtures with BaCO3, electrolysis for 1.5h (3-4 V, 10 A, carbon electrodes) forms Ba and CO;; | |
| With BaCl2; LiCl or NaCl |
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Chemistry
Molecular Structure:
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Molecular Formula: Ba
Molecular Weight: 137.327
IUPAC Name: Barium
Synonyms of Barium (CAS NO.7440-39-3): Bario ; Bario [Spanish] ; Baryum ; Baryum [French] ; EINECS 231-149-1 ; HSDB 4481 ; Barium [UN1400] [Dangerous when wet] ; Barium and soluble compounds ; Barium, soluble compounds ; Barium, water-soluble compounds, n.o.s. ; UN1400
CAS NO: 7440-39-3
Classification Code: Inorganics ; Alkali MetalsMetal and Ceramic Science ; Barium ; Metals ; Reduction ; Synthetic Reagents ; AA Standard SolutionsAlphabetic ; AAS ; B ; BA - BHSpectroscopy ; ChlorideSpectroscopy ; Matrix Selection ; Reference/Calibration Standards ; Single Solution ; Standard Solutions
Melting point: 725 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 1640 °C(lit.)
Density: 3.6 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Storage temp.: water-free area
Form: rod
Uses
Barium (CAS NO.7440-39-3) is commonly used for the preparation of barium salts, alloys, fireworks, nuclear reactors, and it is also a good oxygen scavenger to produce refined copper.
Toxicity Data With Reference
RTECS: CQ8370000
Consensus Reports
Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory. Community Right-To-Know List.
Safety Profile
Hazard Codes of Barium (CAS NO.7440-39-3): 
C,
Xi,
F
Risk Statements: 25-26-34-36/37/38-14/15-11
R25: Toxic if swallowed.
R26: Very toxic by inhalation.
R34: Causes burns.
R36/37/38: Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.
R14 :Reacts violently with water.
R15: Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases.
R11: Highly flammable.
Safety Statements: 23-26-36/37/39-45-43-16
S23: Do not breathe vapour.
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S36/37/39: Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
S45: In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)
S43: In case of fire use ... (there follows the type of fire-fighting equipment to be used.)
S16: Keep away from sources of ignition.
RIDADR: UN 3264 8/PG 3
WGK Germany: 3
RTECS: CQ8370000
HazardClass: 8
PackingGroup: III
Water and stomach acids solubilize barium salts and can cause poisoning. Symptoms are vomiting, colic, diarrhea, slow irregular pulse, transient hypertension, and convulsive tremors and muscular paralysis. Death may occur in a few hours to a few days. Half-life of barium in bone has been estimated at 50 days. Dust is dangerous and explosive when exposed to heat, flame, or chemical reaction. Violent or explosive reaction with water, CCl4, fluorotrichloromethane, trichloroethylene, and C2Cl4. Incompatible with acids, C2Cl3F3, C2H2FCl3, C2HCl3 and water, 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane, and fluorotrichloroethane. The powder may ignite or explode in air or other oxidizing gases.
Standards and Recommendations
OSHA PEL: TWA 0.5 mg(Ba)/m3
ACGIH TLV: TWA 0.5 mg(Ba)/m3; Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen
DFG MAK: 0.5 mg(Ba)/m3
DOT Classification: 4.3; Label: Dangerous When Wet
Analytical Methods
For occupational chemical analysis use NIOSH: Barium, Soluble Compounds, 7056.
Specification
The most common naturally occurring minerals of barium are barite (barium sulfate, BaSO4) and witherite (barium carbonate, BaCO3), both being insoluble in water. Barium's name originates from the alchemical derivative "baryta", which itself comes from Greek βαρ?ς (barys), meaning "heavy." Baric is the adjective form of barium. Barium was identified as a new element in 1774, but not reduced to a metal until 1808 with the advent of electrolysis.
Barium has only a few industrial applications. The metal has been historically used as a getter for vacuum tubes. It is a component of YBCO (high-temperature superconductors) and electroceramics, and is added to steel and cast iron to reduce the size of carbon grains within the microstructure of the metal. Barium compounds are added to fireworks to impart a green color. Barium sulfate is used as an insoluble heavy additive to oil well drilling fluid, as well as in a purer form, as X-ray radiocontrast agents for imaging the human gastrointestinal tract. Soluble barium compounds are poisonous due to release of the soluble barium ion, and therefore have been used as rodenticides.