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| CAS No.: | 7440-43-9 |
|---|---|
| Name: | Cadmium |
| Article Data: | 551 |
| Molecular Structure: | |
|
|
|
| Formula: | Cd |
| Molecular Weight: | 112.41 |
| Synonyms: | C.I. 77180; |
| EINECS: | 231-152-8 |
| Density: | 8.642 |
| Melting Point: | 320.9ºC |
| Boiling Point: | 765ºC |
| Solubility: |
insolubleStability
Toxicology
|
| Appearance: | silvery white metal |
| Hazard Symbols: |
 T T+ N F Xi
|
| Risk Codes: | R20/21/22;R50/53; |
| Safety: | 53-45-61-60-43-7/8-26 |
| PSA: | 0.00000 |
| LogP: | -0.00250 |
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| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| 3h at 290-300°C, flowing hydrogen, react. start even at 282°C; | 100% |
| below temp. of sintering; |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| In water Al powder activated with HCl; pptn. of Cd; | A n/a B 100% |
| In water Al powder activated with HCl; pptn. of Cd; | A n/a B 100% |
| In water Al wire; incomplete pptn. of Cd; pptn. within some minutes in presence of sodium potassium tartrate; | |
| In water Al wire; incomplete pptn. of Cd; pptn. within some minutes in presence of sodium potassium tartrate; |
- 35098-95-4
bis-{tris-(pentafluoro phenyl) germanium} cadmium
B
- 7440-43-9
cadmium
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| In toluene to Cd compd. soln. added complex soln., reacted for 20 h at 20°C; Cd centrifugated, org. layer decanted, concd. (vac.), pptd. (hexane, for 24 h at -78°C); | A 79% B 100% |
- 10108-64-2
cadmium(II) chloride
B
- 7440-43-9
cadmium
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| In tetrahydrofuran N2-atmosphere; stirring Yb-complex with 0.5 equiv. of halide (room temp., 16 h); filtration, washing (THF), evapn. (vac.), drying (vac.); | A 80% B 100% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| equiv amts. of educts, 950°C, 4h, 1 atm, 0.5 l/h N2; | 97% |
| with 25% excess of ferromanganese, 900°C; | 95% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| finely powdered Mn. equiv amts. of educts, 950°C, 4h, 1 atm, 0.5 l/h N2; | 97% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: NaI, tBu3SiH; N2 atm.; molar ratio CdI2:RNa 1:2, 20°C; evapn., extraction (pentane), filtn., crystn. (48 h, -23°C); elem. anal.; | A 91% B n/a |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| In toluene byproducts: C3H8, C3H6; addn. of vanadocene in toluene to Cd-compd. at -78°C, brought to room temp.; crystn.; elem. anal.; | A 90% B n/a |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| In neat (no solvent) V-compd. added to Cd-compd. at room temp., immediate reaction; extd. (pentane); | A 90% B n/a |
- 10108-64-2
cadmium(II) chloride
A
- 204863-82-1
bis[2,6-bis(diethylaminomethyl)phenyl]cadmium
B
- 7440-43-9
cadmium
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| In diethyl ether byproducts: LiCl; Ar atmosphere, in the dark, addn. of portions of soln. of lithium compound to metal chloride, warming, stirring (room temp., 16 h); removement of solvent (vacuum), suspension (n-pentane), filtration, reductn. of volume, crystn. (-20°C); elem. anal.; | A 62% B n/a |
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Consensus Reports
NTP 10th Report on Carcinogens. IARC Cancer Review: Group 1 IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 58 , 1993,p. 119.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) ; Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 2 , 1973,p. 74.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) ; Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 11 , 1976,p. 39.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) ; Human Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 58 , 1993,p. 119.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) ; Human Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 7 , 1987,p. 139.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) ; Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 58 , 1993,p. 119.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) . Cadmium and its compounds are on the Community Right-To-Know List. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory. EPA Genetic Toxicology Program.
Standards and Recommendations
OSHA PEL: TWA 5 μg(Cd)/m3
ACGIH TLV: TWA 0.01 mg(Cd)/m3 (metal), Suspected Human Carcinogen; TWA 0.002 mg(Cd)/m3 (respirable dust), Suspected Human Carcinogen); BEI: 5 μg/g creatinine in urine; 5 μg/L in blood
DFG MAK: DFG BAT: Blood 1.5 μg/dL; Urine 15 μg/dL. MAK: Animal Carcinogen, Suspected Human Carcinogen
NIOSH REL: (Cadmium) Reduce to lowest feasible level
Analytical Methods
For occupational chemical analysis use OSHA: #ID-125 G or NIOSH: Cadmium, 7048; Welding and Brazing Fume, 7200; Elements, 7300.
Specification
The Cadmium, with the cas registry number 7440-43-9, is a kind of silvery white metal. It is soluble in hot sulfuric acid, diluted nitric acid and insoluble in water. Being stable chemically. it is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, nitrates, nitric acid, selenium, zinc. And its product categories are including Metals; Inorganics; Analytical Reagents; Replacement Kit Items; Water Test; Metal and Ceramic Science; Cadmium; Reagent Plus; CadmiumEssential Chemicals; CadmiumMetal and Ceramic Science; Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry; Chemical Synthesis; Routine Reagents.
The characteristics of this chemical are as follows: (1)#H bond acceptors: 0; (2)#H bond donors: 0; (3)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 0; (4)Polar Surface Area: 0; (5)Exact Mass: 113.903358; (6)MonoIsotopic Mass: 113.903358; (7)Heavy Atom Count: 1; (8)Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1.
The production method of this chemical is below: Prepare the metal cadmium as the raw material and then go thought the process of decompression, distillation and rectification to get this chemical.
As to its usage, it is widely applied in many ways. It could be used in producing cadmium salt, cadmium mercuryvapourlamp, smoke bomb, pigment, alloy, welding flux and metallurgy deoxidizing agent; It could also be used as the semiconductor high-purity material.
When you are using this chemical, you should be very cautious. For one thing, it is irritant which may cause inflammation to the skin or other mucous membranes, and is irritating to eyes and skin. For another thing, for being a kind of toxic chemical which may at very low levels cause damage to health, it will be very dangrous if by inhalation and if swallowed. Besides, it may cause cancer and then has possible risk of irreversible effects. It has the danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure. In addition, it will be dangerous for the environment which may present an immediate or delayed danger to one or more components of the environment. Being very toxic to aquatic organisms, it may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. Beside all these. it is highly flammable which may catch fire in contact with air, only needing brief contact with an ignition source. And it has a very low flash point or evolve highly flammable gases in contact with water.
Due to so many dangers, you could take different measures to deal with different cases. Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. If in case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice; If in case of fire use ... (there follows the type of fire-fighting equipment to be used.)
S7:Keep container tightly closed; If in case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) And when store it, keep it in a dry and cool place and this material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. Then remember to avoid releasing to the environment, and you could also refer to special instructions / safety data sheets.
Additionally, you could convert the following datas into the molecular structure:
(1)Canonical SMILES: [Cd]
(2)InChI: InChI=1S/Cd
(3)InChIKey: BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Below are the toxicity information of this chemical:
| Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| human | LCLo | inhalation | 39mg/m3/20M (39mg/m3) | CARDIAC: OTHER CHANGES VASCULAR: THROMBOSIS DISTANT FROM INJECTION SITE LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION | American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Vol. 31, Pg. 180, 1970. |
| man | LDLo | unreported | 15mg/kg (15mg/kg) | "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970Vol. 2, Pg. 73, 1970. | |
| man | TCLo | inhalation | 88ug/m3/8.6Y (0.088mg/m3) | KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: PROTEINURIS | Archives of Environmental Health. Vol. 28, Pg. 147, 1974. |
| mouse | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 5700ug/kg (5.7mg/kg) | Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 37, Pg. 403, 1976. | |
| mouse | LD50 | oral | 890mg/kg (890mg/kg) | "Aktual'nye Problemy Gigieny Truda. Current Problems of Labor Hygiene," Tarasenko, N.Y., ed. Moscow, Pervyi Moskovskii Meditsinskii Inst., 1978Vol. -, Pg. 14, 1978. | |
| mouse | LD50 | unreported | 890mg/kg (890mg/kg) | Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 22(5), Pg. 6, 1978. | |
| rabbit | LDLo | intravenous | 5mg/kg (5mg/kg) | Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Empire. Vol. 35, Pg. 693, 1928. | |
| rabbit | LDLo | oral | 70mg/kg (70mg/kg) | Archives des Maladies Professionnelles de Medecine du Travail et de Securite Sociale. Vol. 34, Pg. 127, 1973. | |
| rabbit | LDLo | subcutaneous | 6mg/kg (6mg/kg) | "Problemes de Toxicologie Alimentaire," Truhaut, R., Paris, France, L'evolution Pharmaceutique, 1955Vol. -, Pg. -, 1955. | |
| rat | LC50 | inhalation | 25mg/m3/30M (25mg/m3) | LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA | Sangyo Igaku. Japanese Journal of Industrial Health. Vol. 16, Pg. 212, 1974. |
| rat | LD50 | oral | 2330mg/kg (2330mg/kg) | "Evaluation of the Impact of Cadmium on the Health of Man", Oxford, UK. Pergamon Press Ltd., 1978Vol. -, Pg. 67, 1978. | |
| rat | LD50 | unreported | 1140mg/kg (1140mg/kg) | Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 22(5), Pg. 6, 1978. |