123-25-1Relevant articles and documents
Hickling,Westwood
, (1939)
Deactivation of Supported Nickel-Based Hydrogenation Catalysts with Sulfide Ions
Prozorov,Afineevskii,Knyazev,Sukhachev, Ya. P.,Sukhacheva
, p. 2158 - 2162 (2019)
Abstract: Kinetics of the liquid-phase hydrogenation of a multiple carbon bond is studied in an aqueous medium on supported nickel catalysts at different hydrogen pressures in the system under conditions of partly controlled deactivation of the active surface sites with sulfide ions. The pattern of deactivation of the active surface sites of Ni/SiO2 catalysts containing different amounts of the active metal on the surface with sulfide ions in water is determined. The resistance of the studied catalysts to deactivation during the reduction of diethyl maleate (DM) and propen-2-ol-1 is determined experimentally. It is shown that the catalyst is more resistant to deactivation during the hydrogenation of propen-2-ol-1; this finding is attributed to the steric factor. It is found that the hydrogen pressure in the system does not affect the deactivation pattern. Excessive pressure slightly alters the deactivation resistance of the catalyst during the hydrogenation of propen-2-ol-1. It is shown experimentally that the catalytic properties of nickel in liquid-phase hydrogenation reactions can be controlled by introducing small amounts of a catalytic poison into the system at high hydrogen pressures.
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Kuwajima,I.,Doi,Y.
, p. 1163 - 1166 (1972)
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Stout,G.H. et al.
, p. 4191 - 4200 (1968)
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Robertson
, p. 2057 (1925)
Synthesis of a sulfated-group-riched carbonaceous catalyst and its application in the esterification of succinic acid and fructose dehydration to form HMF
Liu, Huihui,Peng, Qian,Ren, Jiawen,Shi, Bianfang,Wang, Yanqin
, p. 2649 - 2656 (2021)
A novel sulfated-group-riched sulfonated carbonaceous catalyst with high acidic strength and adjustable ratio of acidic groups was designed in the paper, where glucose and benzyl chloride were hydrothermally carbonized first followed by sulfonation treatment. Various physicochemical techniques were used to characterize the catalyst such as IR, 13C MAS NMR and XPS spectra, NH3-TPD, XRD patterns and TG curve. Then, it was applied in the esterification of succinic acid and fructose dehydration to form HMF. Compared to commercial Amberlyst-15 catalyst, such carbonaceous solid acid exhibited excellent catalytic activity and thermal stability, which was attributed to its higher amount of sulfonic acid group.
Vicinal alkylation-carboxymethylation of electron-poor alkenes by radical-chain reactions with O-alkyl O-silyl ketene acetals and their [3+2] annulation by reaction with O-cyclopropylcarbinyl O-silyl ketene acetals
Cai, Yudong,Roberts, Brian P.
, p. 1485 - 1488 (2004)
O-Silyl ketene acetals of the type H2C=C(OR)OSiMe 2But, in which R is a tertiary or secondary alkyl group, react with electron-poor alkenes to bring about vicinal alkylation- carboxymethylation of the latter. When R is a cyclopropyldimethylcarbinyl group such reactions take a more complex course involving ring opening of the cyclopropylcarbinyl radical and lead ultimately to [3+2] annulation of the alkene.
Synthesis and antiischemic activity of dicarboxylic nitroxyalkylamides and nitroxyalkylimides
Fedorov,Bogdanov,Fadeev,Lagodzinskaya
, p. 1119 - 1125 (2014)
A number of dicarboxylic N-(2-nitroxyalkyl)amides and N-(2-nitroxyalkyl)imides were synthesized and their antiischemic activity was studied. The ratio of the areas of necrotic and ischemic zones was used as a criterion for evaluation of antiischemic activity. The maximum values were close to antiischemic activity of Nicorandil, with acute toxicity of compounds synthesized being considerably lower.
Synthesis of 1,4-diketones: reaction of α-bromo ketones with tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE)
Nishiyama, Yutaka,Kobayashi, Akihiro
, p. 5565 - 5567 (2006)
1,4-Diketones were prepared by the reaction of α-bromo ketones with tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE) in moderate to good yields. Similarly, α-bromo esters were reductively coupled using TDAE to give the 1,4-diesters in moderate yields.
Rieke zinc as a reducing agent for common organic functional groups
Kroemer, Jeremy,Kirkpatrick, Chris,Maricle, Brian,Gawrych, Rick,Mosher, Michael D.,Kaufman, Don
, p. 6339 - 6341 (2006)
The ability of Rieke zinc to reduce common organic functional groups has been studied. Nitrobenzene, conjugated aldehydes, arylacetylenes, and phenylpropiolates are readily reduced under mild conditions. Benzonitrile, alkylacetylenes, ketones, unconjugated aldehydes, and alkenes are not reduced.
One-pot production of diethyl maleate via catalytic conversion of raw lignocellulosic biomass
Cai, Zhenping,Chen, Rujia,Zhang, Hao,Li, Fukun,Long, Jinxing,Jiang, Lilong,Li, Xuehui
supporting information, p. 10116 - 10122 (2021/12/24)
The conversion of lignocellulose into a value-added chemical with high selectivity is of great significance but is a big challenge due to the structural diversities of biomass components. Here, we have reported an efficient approach for the one-step conversion of raw lignocellulose into diethyl maleate by the polyoxometalate ionic liquid [BSmim]CuPW12O40 in ethanol under mild conditions. The results reveal that all of the fractions in biomass, i.e., cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose, were simultaneously converted into diethyl maleate (DEM), achieving a 329.6 mg g-1 yield and 70.3% selectivity from corn stalk. Importantly, the performance of the ionic liquid catalyst [BSmim]CuPW12O40 was nearly twice that of CuHPW12O40, which can be attributed to the lower incorporation of the Cu2+ site in [BSmim]CuPW12O40. Hence, this process opens a promising route for producing bio-based bulk chemicals from raw lignocellulose without any pretreatment.
Poly(methylhydrosiloxane) as a reductant in the catalytic base-free Wittig reaction
Longwitz, Lars,T?njes, Jan,Werner, Thomas
supporting information, p. 4852 - 4857 (2021/07/12)
Herein, we report a catalytic, base-free Wittig reaction forming highly functionalized alkenes with PMHS as a terminal reductant and butylacetate as a green solvent. Poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS) is a non-toxic, enviromentally friendly, inexpensive and easy to handle reductant. However, the inherent low reactivity hampers its applicability in catalytic reactions, such as P(iii)/P(v) redox cycling reactions. Most of these catalytic systems include highly active aryl silanes to facilitate phosphane oxide reduction and are not compatible with PMHS or similar more sustainable terminal reductants. The herein reported catalyst system which is based on a methyl-substituted phosphetane operates at low catalyst loadings without additional co-catalysts and allowes the use of PMHS as terminal reductant. A wide variety of functional groups was tolerated and 25 different alkenes were synthesized in yields up to 96% with excellent stereoselectivity. Mechanistic studies revealed the formation of water from silanol condensation as the main pathway of siloxane formation.