1. Introduction of 5-Azacytidine

5-Azacytidine is one kind of white-to-off-white crystalline solid. Its IUPAC Name is 4-Amino-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1,3,5-triazin-2-one. Its Classification Code is Antimetabolites; Antimetabolites, antineoplastic; Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Agents; Drug / Therapeutic Agent; Enzyme inhibitors; Human Data; Mutation data; Noxae; Reproductive Effect; Skin / Eye Irritant; Tumor data. It belongs to API intermediates;Antitumors for Research and Experimental Use;Biochemistry;Chemical Reagents for Pharmacology Research;Nucleosides and their analogs;Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Related Reagents;Bases & Related Reagents;Nucleotides;Carbohydrates & Derivatives. 

5-Azacytidine is sensitive to oxidation. 5-Azacytidine is unstable in solution. 5-Azacytidine undergoes hydrolysis in aqueous buffers. 5-Azacytidine is incompatible with strong oxidizers.
It is Slightly water soluble. Unstable in solution.

2. Properties of 5-Azacytidine

Physical properties about 5-Azacytidine are:
(1)Index of Refraction: 1.823; (2)Molar Refractivity: 51.08 cm³; (3)Molar Volume: 117 cm³; (4)Surface Tension: 106.7 dyne/cm; (5)Density: 2.08 g/cm³; (6)Flash Point: 277 °C; (7)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 93.24 kJ/mol; (8)Boiling Point: 534.5 °C at 760 mmHg; (9)Melting Point: 226-232 °C (dec.)(lit.); (10)alpha: 40 °(C=1, H2O 22 °C); (11)storage temperature: 2-8 °C; (12)Water Solubility: 0.5-1.0 g/100 mL at 21 °C; (13)Vapour Pressure of Azacitidine: 1.18E-13 mmHg at 25 °C.

3. Structure Descriptors of 5-Azacytidine

(1)InChI=1S/C8H12N4O5/c9-7-10-2-12(8(16)11-7)6-5(15)4(14)3(1-13)17-6/h2-6,13-15H,1H2,(H2,9,11,16)/t3-,4-,5-,6-/m1/s1;
(2)InChIKey=NMUSYJAQQFHJEW-KVTDHHQDSA-N; (3)Smiles:n1([C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@H]2O)O)c(nc(N)nc1)=O
(3)Smiles: n1([C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@H]2O)O)c(nc(N)nc1)=O

4. Toxicity of 5-Azacytidine

6. Safety Information of 5-Azacytidine

Confirmed carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic, neoplastigenic, tumorigenic data. Poison by ingestion, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects by intravenous route: nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, reduction in white cell count (luekopenia and agranulocytosis). An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. A skin irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NO_x.

Hazard Codes: T
Risk Statements: 45-46-22 
R45:May cause cancer. 
R46:May cause heritable genetic damage. 
R22:Harmful if swallowed.
Safety Statements: 53-22-36/37/39-45
S53:Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. 
S22:Do not breathe dust. 
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. 
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)
WGK Germany: 3
RTECS of Azacitidine (CAS NO.320-67-2): XZ3017500

7. Uses of 5-Azacytidine

Azacitidine is mainly used in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). It can also be used in vitro to remove methyl groups from DNA. 5-Azacytidine is a potent growth inhibitor and cytotoxic agent. It acts as a demethylating agent by inhibiting DNA methyltransferase. 5-azacytidine has been in the public eye for quite a while now, and it's been widely known as a powerful demethylating agent in clinical trials.