Atropine (CAS NO.51-55-8) extracts from the Egyptian henbane were used by Cleopatra in the last century B.C. to dilate her pupils, in the hope that she would appear more alluring. The mydriatic effects of atropine were studied among others by the German chemist Friedrich Ferdinand Runge (1795–1867). In 1831, the pharmacist Mein succeeded the pure crystalline isolation of atropine. Its substance was first synthesized in 1901 by German chemist Richard Willstätter. The mydriatic effects of atropine were studied among others by the German chemist Friedrich Ferdinand Runge (1795–1867).

Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.

The Atropine, with the CAS registry number 51-55-8, is also known as beta-Phenyl-gamma-oxypropionsaeure-tropyl-ester. It belongs to the product categories of Pharmaceutical; Alkaloids; Biochemistry; Tropane Alkaloids. Its EINECS registry number is 200-104-8. This chemical's molecular formula is C₁₇H₂₃NO₃ and molecular weight is 289.37. Its IUPAC name is called [(1R,5S)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate. This chemical's classification codes are Adjuvants, anesthesia; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Anti-arrhythmia agents; Anticholinergic; Autonomic Agents; Bronchodilator agents; Cardiovascular Agents; Central Nervous System Agents; Cholinergic Agents; Cholinergic Antagonists; Drug / Therapeutic Agent; Human Data; Muscarinic antagonists; Mutation data; Mydriatics; Neurotransmitter Agents; Parasympatholytics; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Reproductive Effect; Respiratory System Agents.

Physical properties of Atropine: (1)ACD/LogP: 1.38; (2)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): -2; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): -1; (4)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1; (6)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 1; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 1; (8)#H bond acceptors: 4; (9)#H bond donors: 1; (10)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 6; (11)Index of Refraction: 1.581; (12)Molar Refractivity: 80.788 cm³; (13)Molar Volume: 242.421 cm³; (14)Surface Tension: 50.459 dyne/cm; (15)Density: 1.194 g/cm³; (16)Flash Point: 213.738 °C; (17)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 72.224 kJ/mol; (18)Boiling Point: 429.804 °C at 760 mmHg; (19)Vapour Pressure: 0 mmHg at 25°C.

Preparation: Atropine is a tropane alkaloid extracted from deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna), jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), mandrake (Mandragora officinarum) and other plants of the family Solanaceae. It is a secondary metabolite of these plants and serves as a drug with a wide variety of effects. Atropine can be synthesized by the reaction of tropine with tropic acid in the presence of hydrochloric acid.

Atropine increases firing of the sinoatrial node (SA) and conduction through the atrioventricular node (AV) of the heart, opposes the actions of the vagus nerve, blocks acetylcholine receptor sites, and decreases bronchial secretions. In general, atropine lowers the parasympathetic activity of all muscles and glands regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system. Topical atropine is used as a cycloplegic, to temporarily paralyze the accommodation reflex, and as a mydriatic, to dilate the pupils. Injections of atropine are used in the treatment of bradycardia (an extremely low heart rate), asystole and pulseless electrical activity (PEA) in cardiac arrest. Atropine is also useful in treating second-degree heart block Mobitz Type 1 (Wenckebach block), and also third-degree heart block with a high Purkinje or AV-nodal escape rhythm.

When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following:
This chemical that at very low levels can cause damage to health. It may cause damage to health. It is harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. In addition, it is irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. In case of contact with eyes, you should rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Whenever you will contact it, please wear suitable protective clothing.

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)Canonical SMILES: CN1C2CCC1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C3=CC=CC=C3
(2)Isomeric SMILES: CN1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C3=CC=CC=C3
(3)InChI: InChI=1S/C17H23NO3/c1-18-13-7-8-14(18)10-15(9-13)21-17(20)16(11-19)12-5-3-2-4-6-12/h2-6,13-16,19H,7-11H2,1H3/t13-,14+,15?,16?
(4)InChIKey: RKUNBYITZUJHSG-PJPHBNEVSA-N

The toxicity data is as follows: