106-87-6Relevant articles and documents
Covalent heterogenization of a discrete Mn(II) Bis-Phen complex by a metal-template/metal-exchange method: An epoxidation catalyst with enhanced reactivity
Terry, Tracy J.,Daniel,Stack
, p. 4945 - 4953 (2008)
Considerable attention has been devoted to the immobilization of discrete epoxidation catalysts onto solid supports due to the possible benefits of site isolation such as increased catalyst stability, catalyst recycling, and product separation. A synthetic metal-template/metal-exchange method to imprint a covalently attached bis-1,10-phenanthroline coordination environment onto high-surface area, mesoporous SBA-15 silica is reported herein along with the epoxidation reactivity once reloaded with manganese. Comparisons of this imprinted material with material synthesized by random grafting of the ligand show that the template method creates more reproducible, solution-like bis-1,10-phenanthroline coordination at a variety of ligand loadings. Olefin epoxidation with peracetic acid shows the imprinted manganese catalysts have improved product selectivity for epoxides, greater substrate scope, more efficient use of oxidant, and higher reactivity than their homogeneous or grafted analogues independent of ligand loading. The randomly grafted manganese catalysts, however, show reactivity that varies with ligand loading while the homogeneous analogue degrades trisubstituted olefins and produces trans-epoxide products from cis-olefins. Efficient recycling behavior of the templated catalysts is also possible.
Simple iron catalyst for terminal alkene epoxidation
Dubois, Geraud,Murphy, Andrew,Daniel,Stack
, p. 2469 - 2472 (2003)
(Matrix presented) A μ-oxo-iron(III) dimer, [((phen)2(H 2O)FeIII)2(μ-O)](ClO4) 4, is an efficient epoxidation catalyst for a wide range of alkenes, including terminal alkenes, using peracetic acid as the oxidant. Low catalyst loadings, in situ catalyst preparation from common reagents, fast reaction times (5 min at 0°C), and enhanced reaction performance at high substrate concentrations combine to create a temporally and synthetically efficient procedure for alkene epoxidation.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING EPOXY COMPOUND
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Paragraph 0089-0091, (2021/11/05)
The invention provides a method for producing an epoxy compound by hydrogen peroxide using an organic compound having a carbon-carbon double bond as a raw material, wherein a by-product is suppressed from being generated and the epoxy compound is produced in a high yield. In particular, the invention provides a method for producing an epoxy compound involving oxidizing a carbon-carbon double bond in an organic compound with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises a tungsten compound; a phosphoric acid, a phosphonic acid or salts thereof; and an onium salt having an alkyl sulfate ion represented by formula (I) as an anion: wherein R1 is a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbons, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 phenyl groups.
SO2F2-Mediated Epoxidation of Olefins with Hydrogen Peroxide
Ai, Chengmei,Zhu, Fuyuan,Wang, Yanmei,Yan, Zhaohua,Lin, Sen
, p. 11928 - 11934 (2019/10/02)
An inexpensive, mild, and highly efficient epoxidation protocol has been developed involving bubbling SO2F2 gas into a solution of olefin, 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide, and 4 N aqueous potassium carbonate in 1,4-dioxane at room temperature for 1 h with the formation of the corresponding epoxides in good to excellent yields. The novel SO2F2/H2O2/K2CO3 epoxidizing system is suitable to a variety of olefinic substrates including electron-rich and electron-deficient ones.
Safe, environment-friendly and controllable synthetic process of di-epoxide
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Paragraph 0152-0168, (2019/10/01)
The invention relates to the field of synthesis of epoxide, and more specifically, relates to a safe, environment-friendly and controllable synthetic process of di-epoxide. The synthetic process of the di-epoxide at least comprises the following steps: mixing diolefin, carboxylic acids, basic salt and solvent, and cooling; dropwise adding a hydrogen peroxide solution for 1-12 h; standing for layering to obtain a lower layer organic phase-1, washing the organic phase-1 with a cleaning solution, and standing for layering to obtain a lower layer organic phase-2; purifying. The reaction system ofthe synthetic process is simple, environmentally friendly, safe and controllable, is low in production cost, and can meet the requirements of technical economy; the prepared di-epoxide is high in purity and yield and low in solvent content, chroma and halogen content, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Regioselective Cleavage of Electron-Rich Double Bonds in Dienes to Carbonyl Compounds with [Fe(OTf)2(mix-BPBP)] and a Combination of H2O2 and NaIO4
Spannring, Peter,Yazerski, Vital A.,Chen, Jianming,Otte, Matthias,Weckhuysen, Bert M.,Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A.,Klein Gebbink, Robertus J. M.
, p. 3462 - 3466 (2015/08/06)
A method for the regioselective transformation of dienes to carbonyl compounds has been developed. Electron-rich olefins react selectively to yield valuable aldehydes and ketones. The method is based on the catalyst [Fe(OTf)2(mix-BPBP)] with an oxidant combination of H2O2 (1.0 equiv.) and NaIO4 (1.5 equiv.); it uses mild conditions and short reaction times, and it outperforms other olefin cleavage methodologies. The combination of an Fe-based catalyst, [Fe(OTf)2(mix-BPBP)], and the oxidants H2O2 and NaIO4 can discriminate between electronically different double bonds and oxidatively cleave the electron-rich bond in dienes to yield aldehydes and ketones in a regioselective manner. The reaction requires mild conditions (0-50 C) and short reaction times (70 min).
2,2,2-Trifluoroacetophenone: An organocatalyst for an environmentally friendly epoxidation of alkenes
Limnios, Dimitris,Kokotos, Christoforos G.
, p. 4270 - 4276 (2014/06/09)
A cheap, mild, fast, and environmentally friendly oxidation of olefins to the corresponding epoxides is reported using polyfluoroalkyl ketones as efficient organocatalysts. Namely, 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone was identified as an improved organocatalyst for the epoxidation of alkenes. Various olefins, mono-, di-, and trisubstituted, are epoxidized chemoselectively in high to quantitative yields utilizing 2-5 mol % catalyst loading and H2O 2 as the green oxidant.
Liquid-phase synthesis of cyclic diene diepoxides using metal halides and hydrogen peroxide
Alimardanov, Kh. M.,Sadygov,Garibov,Abdullaeva, M. Ya.
, p. 1302 - 1308 (2013/02/21)
Optimal conditions were found for induced hydroxyhalogenation of cyclic dienes (tetrahydroindene, 4-vinylcyclohexene and 5-vinyl- and 5-cyclohexenylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-enes) in the system [MHlg-HA or HHlg]-H 2O2 (or NaClO). Dehydrohalogenation of the chloro- and bromohydrins thus obtained with powdered potassium carbonate gave the corresponding diepoxy derivatives, and their hydrolysis led to mixtures of stereoisomeric tetrahydric alcohols. Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2012.
Designing the synthesis of catalytically active Ti-β by using various new templates in the presence of fluoride anion
Sasidharan, Manickam,Bhaumik, Asim
experimental part, p. 16282 - 16294 (2012/01/14)
Crystallization of large-pore Ti-β by using a variety of diquaternary ammonium derivatives of dibromoalkane and amines such as triethylamine, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane (DABCO), and quinuclidine as structure-directing agents (SDA) is described. The size of hydrophobic bridging alkyl-chain length of the template [R3N+-(CH2)x-N +R3](OH-)2 directs the final crystalline product: Ti-β, Ti-ZSM-12, Ti-nonasil or Ti-ZSM-5, as x gradually changes from 6 to 1, in the fluoride medium under hydrothermal conditions. A dense phase such as Ti-nonasil (clathrasil type) is crystallized as the size of hydrophobic bridging alkyl-chain length decreases. The use of F- anions as a mineralizer and Ti4+ as a heteroatom in the synthesis gel also influences the selectivity of final crystalline product. The phase purity and incorporation of Ti4+ into the lattice of β (BEA) and ZSM-12 frameworks are confirmed using XRD, UV-visible, FT-IR, 29Si NMR spectroscopes, elemental analysis (ICP), surface area measurements and catalytic test reactions. The morphology of Ti-β samples is dependent on the nature of the structure-directing agent as revealed by the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations. The catalytic activity in the epoxidation of 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene is increased with the amount of tetrahedral Ti4+ atoms in the framework. The new templates can be effectively used for preparation of catalytically active Ti-β with the minimum number of framework defect sites.
Regioselective epoxidation of different types of double bonds over large-pore titanium silicate Ti-β
Sasidharan, Manickam,Bhaumik, Asim
experimental part, p. 60 - 67 (2010/12/18)
Regioselective epoxidation of different types of double bonds located within the cyclic and acyclic parts of bulky olefins has been investigated using large-pore titanium silicate Ti-β in the presence of dilute aqueous H 2O2 as oxidant under mild liquid-phase conditions. Our experimental results revealed that side-chain vinylic double bonds are selectively epoxidized than those in the cyclohexene-ring. The epoxidation tendency of various bulky olefins with different positional and/or geometric isomers over Ti-β follows the order: terminal -CC- > ring -CC- ≈ bicyclic ring -CC- > allylic C - H bond. Unlike 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene, epoxidation of an equimolar mixture of cyclohexene and 1-hexene under identical conditions using Ti-β exhibits completely different selectivity and product distributions. Steric factor and accessibility of reactants to active Ti-sites are responsible for the observed regioselectivity of bulky alkenes.
