115201-42-8Relevant articles and documents
Liquid ammonia as a dipolar aprotic solvent for aliphatic nucleophilic substitution reactions
Ji, Pengju,Atherton, John,Page, Michael I.
supporting information; scheme or table, p. 1425 - 1435 (2011/04/23)
The rate constants for the reactions of a variety of nucleophiles reacting with substituted benzyl chlorides in liquid ammonia (LNH3) have been determined. To fully interpret the associated linear free-energy relationships, the ionization constants of phenols ions in liquid ammonia were obtained using UV spectra. These equilibrium constants are the product of those for ion-pair formation and dissociation to the free ions, which can be separated by evaluating the effect of added ammonium ions. There is a linear relationship between the pKa of phenols in liquid ammonia and those in water of slope 1.68. Aminium ions exist in their unprotonated free base form in liquid ammonia and their ionization constants could not be determined by NMR. The rates of solvolysis of substituted benzyl chlorides in liquid ammonia at 25 °C show a Hammett ρ of zero, having little or no dependence upon ring substituents, which is in stark contrast with the hydrolysis rates of substituted benzyl halides in water, which vary 107 fold. The rate of substitution of benzyl chloride by substituted phenoxide ions is first order in the concentration of the nucleophile indicative of a SN2 process, and the dependence of the rate constants on the pKa of the phenol in liquid ammonia generates a Bronsted βnuc = 0.40. Contrary to the solvolysis reaction, the reaction of phenoxide ion with 4-substituted benzyl chlorides gives a Hammett ρ = 1.1, excluding the 4-methoxy derivative, which shows the normal positive deviation. The second order rate constants for the substitution of benzyl chlorides by neutral and anionic amines show a single Bronsted βnuc = 0.21 (based on the aqueous pKa of amine), but their dependence on the substituent in substituted benzyl chlorides varies with a Hammett ρ of 0 for neutral amines, similar to that seen for solvolysis, whereas that for amine anions is 0.93, similar to that seen for phenoxide ion.(Figure Presented)
Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a novel series of heterocyclic sulfonamide γ-secretase inhibitors
Pu, Jun,Kreft, Anthony F.,Aschmies, Suzan H.,Atchison, Kevin P.,Berkowitz, Joshua,Caggiano, Thomas J.,Chlenov, Micheal,Diamantidis, George,Harrison, Boyd L.,Hu, Yun,Huryn, Donna,Steven Jacobsen,Jin, Mei,Lipinski, Kerri,Lu, Peimin,Martone, Robert L.,Morris, Koi,Sonnenberg-Reines, June,Riddell, Dave R.,Sabalski, Joan,Sun, Shaiu-Ching,Wagner, Erik,Wang, Yiqun,Xu, Zheng,Zhou, Hua,Resnick, Lynn
experimental part, p. 4708 - 4717 (2009/10/23)
γ-Secretase inhibitors have been shown to reduce the production of β-amyloid, a component of the plaques that are found in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. A novel series of heterocyclic sulfonamide γ-secretase inhibitors that reduce β-amyloid levels in cells is reported. Several examples of compounds within this series demonstrate a higher propensity to inhibit the processing of amyloid precursor protein compared to Notch, an alternative γ-secretase substrate.
Heterocyclic sulfonamide inhibtors of beta amyloid production containing an azole
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Page/Page column 16, (2008/06/13)
Compounds useful for lowering beta amyloid levels are provided. The compounds have the structure of formula Ia: wherein, R1 is lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, benzyl, substituted benzyl, benzyloxy, substituted benzyloxy, or SO2R5; R5 is phenyl, substituted phenyl, heterocycle, substituted heterocycle, alkyl, or substituted alkyl; R2 is lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, CF3, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, or cycloalkyl; R3 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl; R4 is phenyl, substituted phenyl, heterocycle, substituted heterocycle, thiophene, or substituted thiophene; R6 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, CF3, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, cycloalkyl, or substituted cycloalkyl; W, X and Y are independently CR7 or N; and R7 is hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl.
Process and intermediates for preparing 4'-trifluoromethylbiphenyl-2-carboxylic acid [2-(2H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylmethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinolin-6-yl]-a mide
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, (2008/06/13)
A process for preparing the compound of formula (1) is disclosed. STR1 The starting materials are an N-triazolylmethyl-6-aminoisoquinoline and a 4-biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid derivative.
An efficient synthesis of 6-substituted 2-(2H-[1,2,4]triazol-3- ylmethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinolines
Urban, Frank J.,Breitenbach, Ralph
, p. 645 - 653 (2007/10/03)
A synthesis of 6-nitro and 6-amino 2-(2H-[1,2,4]triazol-3- ylmethyl)1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinolines using a bis-alkylation process is described. 5-(Aminomethyl)-1-(p-methoxybenzyl)-triazole was prepared by a regioselective route from 1,2,4-triazole.
Substituted 6,11-ethano-6,11-dihydrobenzo[b] quinolizinium salts and compositions and methods of use thereof
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, (2015/04/15)
Substituted 6,11-ethano-6,11-dihydrobenzo[b]quinolizinium salts, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and methods for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders or neurotoxic injuries utilizing them, wherein the substituted 6,11-ethano-6,11-dihydrobenzo[b]quinolizinium salts have the formula: STR1 wherein: R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, X and p are as defined in the specification.
An Unusual Dependence of Counterion During Wittig Methylenation of Bis-Heteroaryl Ketones
Subramanyam, Chakrapani
, p. 9249 - 9252 (2007/10/02)
Attempted Wittig methylenation of some bis-heteroaromatic ketones (8, 11 and 13) using MeP+Ph3Br- and n-BuLi gave none of the desired olefin.However, when KtBuO was used as the base for generation of the ylide, efficient olefination of these ketones was observed.A possible mechanistic pathway for this interesting but unprecedented observation is proposed.
INTRODUCTION OF SUBSTITUENTS INTO 5-MEMBERED AZA-HETEROAROMATICS
Begtrup, Mikael
, p. 573 - 598 (2007/10/02)
With emphasis on mono- and regio-selectively, methods for introduction of substituents at nitrogen and carbon atoms of 5-membered aza-heteroaromatics have been developed.The methods involve application of activation and of assistant groups for direction and protection.Activation has been achieved by the use of quaternary azolium ions and azol-N-oxides as reactive intermediates.If necessary, the N-oxides were further activated by alkylation or acylation.