13389-70-3Relevant articles and documents
Influence of chain length on the electrophilic reactivity of carbocations
Mayr, Herbert,Schimmel, Holger,Kobayashi, Shinjiro,Kotani, Masashi,Prabakaran,Sipos, Laszlo,Faust, Rudolf
, p. 4611 - 4615 (2002)
The electrophilic reactivities of the bis(p-methylphenyl)carbenium ion 1b+ and its macromolecular analogue 1a+ have been compared in slow reactions with allylsilanes and in fast reactions with silyl enol ethers. Treatment of 1b-Cl wi
Kinetic studies on the reactivity of triphenylmethyl cations adsorbed on silica, alumina, and aluminosilicate
Spange, Stefan,Adolph, Simone,Walther, Ralph,Zimmermann, Yvonne
, p. 298 - 305 (2003)
The apparent rate constants ka?2 of different surface-mediated reactions of three nucleophiles 1,4-cyclohexadiene, triethylsilane, and isobutylvinyl ether with triphenylmethylium ions have been determined for three different solid acid catalysts and various triphenylmethylium precursors (R1R2R3C-X, X = SCN, OH, Cl, or Br). Generation of triphenylmethylium ions [R1R2R3C+] was used for kinetic measurements when R1R2R3C-X derivates are chemisorbed to the solid acid catalysts. The catalysis of those surface-mediated reactions by a silica, an alumina, and an aluminosilicate has been studied in a slurry of dichloromethane at ambient temperature. The value of ka?2 increases in the order OH- - - - and silica s of the corresponding HX from R1R2R3C-X or the acidity of the solid acid (Adolph, S.; Spange, S.; Zimmermann, Y. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 6429-6438) indicating the importance of the effective surface concentration of [R1R2R3C+] on the apparent rate constant. It is also shown that the specific rate constant of the surface-mediated reaction can be interpreted in terms of Mayr's nucleophilicity parameters of the ??-nucleophile (N) and the pKR+ values of the carbenium ion derived from polar reactions in homogeneous solution.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of aryloxyacetamide derivatives as neuroprotective agents
Zhong, Yan,Xu, Yi,Zhang, Ai-Xia,Li, Xiao-Feng,Xu, Zhao-Ying,Li, Ping,Wu, Bin
supporting information, p. 2526 - 2530 (2016/07/07)
A series of new aryloxyacetamide derivatives 10a-s and 14a-m are designed and synthesized. Their protective activities against the glutamate-induced cell death were investigated in differentiated rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells). Most compounds exhibited neuroprotective effects, especially for 10m, 10r, 14b and 14c, which showed potential protection of PC12 cells at three doses (0.1, 1.0, 10 μM). MTT assay, Hoechst 33342/PI double staining, and high content screening (HCS) revealed that pretreatment of the cells with 10m, 10r, 14b and 14c has significantly decreased the extent of cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The results of western blot analysis demonstrated these compounds suppressed apoptosis of glutamate-induced PC12 cells via caspase-3 pathway. These compounds can be lead compounds for further discovery of neuroprotective agents for treating cerebral ischemic stroke. Basic structure-activity relationships are also presented.
Highly active dinuclear copper catalysts for homogeneous azide-alkyne cycloadditions
Berg, Regina,Straub, Johannes,Schreiner, Ella,Mader, Steffen,Rominger, Frank,Straub, Bernd F.
supporting information, p. 3445 - 3450 (2013/02/22)
The main feature of the herein presented class of molecularly defined catalysts for the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction is the presence of two copper centres in one catalyst molecule. We report the facile three-step synthesis of two r
Photogeneration of benzhydryl cations by near-UV laser flash photolysis of pyridinium salts
Nigst, Tobias A.,Ammer, Johannes,Mayr, Herbert
, p. 8494 - 8499 (2013/01/14)
Laser flash irradiation of substituted N-benzhydryl pyridinium salts yields benzhydryl cations (diarylcarbenium ions) and/or benzhydryl radicals (diarylmethyl radicals). The use of 3,4,5-triamino-substituted pyridines as photoleaving groups allowed us to employ the third harmonic of a Nd/YAG laser (355 nm) for the photogeneration of benzhydryl cations. In this way, benzhydryl cations can also be photogenerated in the presence of aromatic compounds and in solvents which are opaque at the wavelength of the quadrupled Nd/YAG laser (266 nm). To demonstrate the scope and limitations of this method, the rate constants for the bimolecular reactions of benzhydryl cations with several substituted pyridines were determined in acetonitrile and with water in acetone. The obtained data agree with results obtained by stopped-flow UV-vis spectroscopic measurements. The rate constants for the reaction of the 4,4'-bis[methyl(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)amino]benzhydrylium ion with 4- (dimethylamino)pyridine were also determined in dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, and acetone. From the secondorder rate constants, we derived the nucleophilicity parameters N and sN for the substituted pyridines, as defined by the linear free energy relationship, log k2 = sN(N + E).
Suppression of common-ion return by amines: A method to measure rates of fast SN1 reactions
Streidl, Nicolas,Antipova, Anna,Mayr, Herbert
supporting information; experimental part, p. 7328 - 7334 (2010/01/16)
(Chemical Equation Presented) Rate constants for solvolyses of benzhydryl chlorides, which take place on the 10 ms to minute time scale, have been determined in aqueous acetone and acetonitrile by conductometry, using conventional conductometers as well as stopped-flow techniques. Secondary and tertiary amines were used to suppress ion recombination (common-ion return) thus giving access to the ionization rate constants k1. The observed common-ion rate depressions can be rationalized by the correlation equation for electrophile-nucleophile combinations, log k(20 °C) = s(E + N), where electrophiles (here: carbocations) are characterized by the parameter Eand nucleophiles (here: chloride anions and solvents) are characterized by N and s. 2009 American Chemical Society.
DABCO and DMAP - Why are they different in organocatalysis?
Baidya, Mahiuddin,Kobayashi, Shinjiro,Brotzel, Frank,Schmidhammer, Uli,Riedle, Eberhard,Mayr, Herbert
, p. 6176 - 6179 (2008/04/05)
(Chemical Equation Presented) What makes a good organocatalyst? DABCO (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) is a thousandfold better nucleophile (k →) and at the same time a million times better leaving group (k←) than DMAP (4-(dimethylamino)pyridine). This apparent contradiction is resolved by consideration of the intrinsic reaction barriers.
Synthesis and insulin-sensitizing activity of (S)-2-ethoxy-3- phenylpropanoic acid derivatives
Cai, Xiao-Hua,Xie, Bing
, p. 1106 - 1109 (2007/10/03)
A series of (S)-2-ethoxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid derivatives were synthesized and their insulin-sensitizing activities were evaluated in 3T3-L1 cells. Compounds 1b (EC30 = 9.43 × 10-3 μmol/L), 1d (EC30 = 7.45 × 10-3 μmol/L), 1e (EC 30 = 6.22 × 10-3 μmol/L), and 1f (EC30 = 7.76 × 10-3 μmol/L) exhibited more potent insulin-sensitizing activity than rosiglitazone (EC30 = 2.06 × 10-2 μmol/L).
Synthesis and evaluation of methyl 2-methoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropionate derivatives as a new type of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
Cai, Xiao-Hua,Xie, Bing,Guo, Hui
, p. 1110 - 1113 (2007/10/03)
Methyl 2-methoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropionate derivatives were prepared, and their inhibitory activities for angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) were evaluated. Compounds 5b (IC50 = 0.0039 μmol/L), 5d (IC 50 = 0.0027 μmol/L), 5e (IC50 = 0.0021 μmol/L), and 5f (IC50 = 0.0052 μmol/L) exhibited more potent ACE inhibitiory activity than the control drug Captopril (IC50 = 0.0075 μmol/L).
Kinetics of the solvolyses of benzhydryl derivatives: Basis for the construction of a comprehensive nucleofugality scale
Denegri, Bernard,Streiter, Andre,Juric, Sandra,Ofial, Armin R.,Kronja, Olga,Mayr, Herbert
, p. 1648 - 1656 (2007/10/03)
A series of 21 benzhydrylium ions (diarylmethylium ions) are proposed as reference electrofuges for the development of a general nucleofugality scale, where nucleofugality refers to a combination of leaving group and solvent. A total of 167 solvolysis rate constants of benzhydrylium tosylates, bromides, chlorides, trifluoroacetates, 3,5-dinitrobenzoates, and 4-nitroben-zoates, two-thirds of which have been determined during this work, were subjected to a least-squares fit according to the correlation equation log k 25°C = Sf(Nf + Ef), where s f and Nf are nucleofuge-specific parameters and E f is an electrofuge-specific parameter. Although nucleofuges and electrofuges characterized in this way cover more than 12 orders of magnitude, a single set of the parameters, namely sf, Nf, and E f, is sufficient to calculate the solvolysis rate constants at 25°C with an accuracy of ± 16%. Because sf ≈ 1 for all nucleofuges, that is, leaving group/ solvent combinations, studied so far, qualitative discussions of nucleofugality can be based on Nf.