13825-76-8Relevant articles and documents
Mechanisms of near-infrared to visible upconversion in CsCdBr3:Ho3+
Mueller, Philipp,Wermuth, Markus,Guedel, Hans U.
, p. 105 - 111 (1998)
Crystals of CsCdBr3 doped with x% Ho3+ (x=0.35, 2.25) were synthesized and studied by high-resolution absorption, upconversion luminescence and excitation spectroscopy in the temperature range 295-4 K. The time evolution of the upconversion luminescence, within 1.5 ms of a pulsed excitation, was recorded. Two NIR to VIS upconversion mechanisms were identified. Below 100 K upconversion occurs by energy transfer within Ho3+ pairs. Above 100 K an excited-state absorption is dominant. It occurs whenever the energies of the ground- and excited-state absorption steps coincide. At room temperature this latter process overall is 5 times more efficient than the energy-transfer process.
Structural characterization of methanol substituted lanthanum halides
Boyle, Timothy J.,Ottley, Leigh Anna M.,Alam, Todd M.,Rodriguez, Mark A.,Yang, Pin,Mcintyre, Sarah K.
, p. 1784 - 1795 (2010/07/03)
The first study into the alcohol solvation of lanthanum halide [LaX3] derivatives as a means to lower the processing temperature for the production of the LaBr3 scintillators was undertaken using methanol (MeOH). Initially the de-hydration of {[La(μ-Br)(H2O)7](Br)2}2 (1) was investigated through the simple room temperature dissolution of 1 in MeOH. The mixed solvate monomeric [La(H2O)7(MeOH)2](Br)3 (2) compound was isolated where the La metal center retains its original 9-coordination through the binding of two additional MeOH solvents but necessitates the transfer of the innersphere Br to the outersphere. In an attempt to in situ dry the reaction mixture of 1 in MeOH over CaH2, crystals of [Ca(MeOH)6](Br)2 (3) were isolated. Compound 1 dissolved in MeOH at reflux temperatures led to the isolation of an unusual arrangement identified as the salt derivative {[LaBr2.75·5.25(MeOH)]+0.25 [LaBr3.25·4.75(MeOH)]-0.25} (4). The fully substituted species was ultimately isolated through the dissolution of dried LaBr3 in MeOH forming the 8-coordinated [LaBr3(MeOH)5] (5) complex. It was determined that the concentration of the crystallization solution directed the structure isolated (4 concentrated; 5 dilute) The other LaX3 derivatives were isolated as [(MeOH)4(Cl)2La(μ-Cl)]2 (6) and [La(MeOH)9](I)3·MeOH (7). Beryllium Dome XRD analysis indicated that the bulk material for 5 appear to have multiple solvated species, 6 is consistent with the single crystal, and 7 was too broad to elucidate structural aspects. Multinuclear NMR (139La) indicated that these compounds do not retain their structure in MeOD. TGA/DTA data revealed that the de-solvation temperatures of the MeOH derivatives 4-6 were slightly higher in comparison to their hydrated counterparts.
Systematics and anomalies in rare earth/aluminum bromide vapor complexes: Thermodynamic properties of the vapor complexes LnAl3Br12 from Ln = Sc to Ln = Lu
Wang, Zhi-Chang,Yu, Jin
, p. 4248 - 4255 (2008/10/09)
Systematics and anomalies in the rare earth/aluminum bromide vapor complexes have been investigated by the phase equilibrium-quenching experiments. The measurements suggest that the LnAl3Br12 complexes are the predominant vapor compl
Synthesis and crystal structure of (NH4)3Cu4Ho2Br13. Further bromides of the (NH4)3Cu4M2Br13 Type (M = Dy-Lu, Y) and on Rb3Cu4Ho2Br13
Wickleder, Mathias S.,Bohnsack, Andreas,Meyer, Gerd
, p. 675 - 678 (2008/10/09)
Single crystals of (NH4)3Cu4Ho2Br13 were obtained for the first time from the reaction of CuBr with HoBr3 which was contaminated with NH4Br: cubic, space group Pn3, Z = 2, a = 1101.71(5) pm. The crystal structure may be considered as a variant of the fluorite type according to [(HoBr6)4] [(NH4)6Cu4Br)2] ≡ Ca4F8. Pure products can be prepared from the binary halides in glass ampoules at 350°C. The bromides (NH4)3Cu4M2Br13 (M = Dy-Lu, Y) and Rb3Cu4Ho2Br13 are isotypic with (NH4)3Cu4Ho2Br13. Johann Ambrosius Barth 1996.
COMPLEXES OF YTTRIUM AND LANTHANIDE BROMIDES WITH 4-N-(2'-HYDROXYBENZYLIDENE)AMINOANTIPYRINEY
Joseph, M.,Nair, M. K. M.,Radhakrishnan, P. K.
, p. 1331 - 1344 (2008/10/09)
Ten new complexes of bromides of yttrium and lanthanides with 4-N-(2'-hydroxybenzylidene)aminoantipyrine (HBAAP) having the formula [Ln(HBAAP)2Br2]Br, where Ln = Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho and Er have been prepared and characterized. Molar conductance studies indicate 1:1 electrolytic behaviour for these complexes. Their infrared spectra show that HBAAP acts as a neutral tridentate ligand coordinatin throuhg the carbonyl oxzgen, azomethine nitrogen and phenolic oxygen. Electronic spectra showthe week covalent character in the metal-ligand bond. Thermogravimetric studies indicate that these complexes are stable up to about 170.degree .C and undergo decomposition in two stages forming the respective metal bromides as the final products.
Thermodynamics of lanthanide elements. III. Molar enthalpies of formation of Tb3+(aq), Ho3+(aq), Yb3+(aq), Yb2+(aq), TbBr3(cr), HoBr3(cr), and YbBr3(cr) at 298.15 K
Bettonville, S.,Goudiakas, J.,Fuger, J.
, p. 595 - 604 (2007/10/02)
Enthalpies of solution of high-purity terbium, holmium, and ytterbium metals and of the corresponding tribromides in aqueous hydrochloric acid of various molalities lead to the following standard molar enthalpies of formation ΔfHm0/(kJ * mol-1) at 298.15 K: Tb3+(aq), -(698.3+/-1.5); Ho3+(aq), -(707.2+/-2.4); Yb3+(aq), -(670.5+/-2.7); Yb2+(aq), -(530.4+/-3.3); TbBr3(cr), -(839.1+/-2.4); HoBr3(cr), -(842.1+/-2.7); YbBr3(cr), -(793.8+/-2.4).A value of -(1.06+/-0.05) V is deduced from the above results for the standard potential of the reaction: Yb3+ + 1/2H2 = Yb2+ + H+, through the use of suitable entropy values.These results are discussed and compared with previous experimental or assessed values.
