This product is a nationally controlled contraband or patented product, and the Lookchem platform doesn't provide relevant sales information.
T+:Very toxic;7726-95-6Relevant articles and documents
Oscillation in the Bromate-Bromide-Cerous System. The Simplest Chemical Oscillator
Bar-Eli, K.,Geiseler, W.
, p. 3769 - 3774 (1983)
The bistability of the cerium-bromate-bromide system in an open-flow (CSTR) system was investigated near the critical point.Near this critical point Hopf's bifurcation occurs, causing stable states to become unstable.Domains of single or three unstable steady states occur, with possible oscillations around them.A good agreement is obtained between the calculated and experimental oscillation domains on the various subspaces of constraints.This oscillator is the simplest chemical oscillator fully understood in terms of elementary reactions.
Release of gas-phase halogens by photolytic generation of OH in frozen halide-nitrate solutions: An active halogen formation mechanism?
Abbatt,Oldridge,Symington,Chukalovskiy,McWhinney,Sjostedt,Cox
, p. 6527 - 6533 (2010)
To better define the mechanisms by which condensed-phase halides may be oxidized to form gas-phase halogens under polar conditions, experiments have been conducted whereby frozen solutions containing chloride (1 M), bromide (1.6 × 10-3 to 5 × 10-2 M), iodide (-5 M), and nitrate (0.01 to 1 M) have been illuminated by ultraviolet light in a continually flushed cell. Gas-phase products are quantified using chemical ionization mass spectrometry, and experiments were conducted at both 248 and 263 K. Br2 was the dominant product, along with smaller yields of IBr and trace BrCl and I2. The Br2 yields were largely independent of the Br-Cl- ratio of the frozen solution, down to seawater composition. However, the yields of halogens were strongly dependent on the levels of NO3- and acidity in solution, consistent with a mechanism whereby NO3- photolysis yields OH that oxidizes the condensed-phase halides. In support, we observed the formation of gas-phase NO2, formed simultaneously with OH. Gas-phase HONO was also observed, suggesting that halide oxidation by HONO in the condensed phase may also occur to some degree. By measuring the production rate of condensed-phase OH, using benzoic acid as a radical trap, we determine that the molar yield of Br2 formation relative to OH generation is 0.6, consistent with each OH being involved in halide oxidation. These studies suggest that gas-phase halogen formation should occur simultaneously with NOx release from frozen sea ice and snow surfaces that contain sufficient halides and deposited nitrate.
A new chemical oscillator with a macrocyclic copper(II) complex as catalyst and lactic acid as the substrate
Hu, Gang,Zhang, Zude
, p. 1154 - 1155 (2006)
The oscillatory features of a new type Belousov-Zhabotin-skii oscillator with a macrocyclic copper(II) complex [CuL](ClO4)2 as catalyst and lactic acid as the substrate have been reported. This complex contains the ligand 5,7,12,14-tetraethyl-7,14-dimethyl-1,4,8,11 -tetraazacyclotetradeca-4,11-diene. A tentative mechanism based on FKN has been suggested. Copyright
The Syntheses of Carbocations by Use of the Noble-Gas Oxidant, [XeOTeF 5][Sb(OTeF5)6]: The Syntheses and Characterization of the CX3+ (X = Cl, Br, OTeF 5) and CBr(OTeF5)2+ Cations and Theoretical Studies of CX3+ and BX3 (X = F, Cl, Br, I, OTeF5)
Mercier, Helene P. A.,Moran, Matthew D.,Schrobilgen, Gary J.,Steinberg, Christoph,Suontamo, Reijo J.
, p. 5533 - 5548 (2004)
The CCl3+ and CBr3+ cations have been synthesized by oxidation of a halide ligand of CCl4 and CBr4 at -78 °C in SO2ClF solvent by use of [XeOTeF5][Sb(OTeF5)6]. The CBr3 + cation reacts further with BrOTeF5 to give CBr(OTeF 5)2+, C(OTeF5)3 +, and Br2. The [XeOTeF5][Sb(OTeF 5)6] salt was also found to react with BrOTeF5 in SO2ClF solvent at -78 °C to give the Br(OTeF5) 2+ cation. The CCl3+, CBr 3+, CBr(OTeF5)2+, C(OTeF5)3+, and Br(OTeF5) 2+ cations and C(OTeF5)4 have been characterized in SO2ClF solution by 13C and/or 19F NMR spectroscopy at -78 °C. The X-ray crystal structures of the CCl3+, CBr3+, and C(OTeF 5)3+ cations have been determined in [CCl 3][Sb(OTeF5)6], [CBr3][Sb(OTeF 5)6]·SO2ClF, and [C(OTeF 5)3][Sb(OTeF5)6]·3SO 2ClF at -173 °C. The CCl3+ and CBr 3+ salts were stable at room temperature, whereas the CBrn(OTeF5)3-n+ salts were stable at 0 °C for several hours. The cations were found to be trigonal planar about carbon, with the CCl3+ and CBr3 + cations showing no significant interactions between their carbon atoms and the fluorine atoms of the Sb(OTeF5)6 - anions. In constrast, the C(OTeF5)3 + cation interacts with an oxygen of each of two SO2ClF molecules by coordination along the three-fold axis of the cation. The solid-state Raman spectra of the Sb(OTeF5)6- salts of CCl3+ and CBr3+ have been obtained and assigned with the aid of electronic structure calculations. The CCl3+ cation displays a well-resolved 35Cl/37Cl isotopic pattern for the symmetric CCl 3 stretch. The energy-minimized geometries, natural charges, and natural bond orders of the CCl3+, CBr3 +, Cl3+, and C(OTeF5) 3+ cations and of the presently unknown CF 3+ cation have been calculated using HF and MP2 methods have been compared with those of the isoelectronic BX3 molecules (X = F, Cl, Br, I, and OTeF5). The 13C and 11B chemical shifts for CX3+ (X = Cl, Br, I) and BX 3 (X = F, Cl, Br, I) were calculated by the GIAO method, and their trends were assessed in terms of paramagnetic contributions and spin-orbit coupling.
Catalytic bromine recovery: An enabling technology for emerging alkane functionalization processes
Moser, Maximilian,Rodriguez-Garcia, Laura,Amrute, Amol P.,Perez-Ramirez, Javier
, p. 3520 - 3523 (2013)
Making a quick recovery: The widespread implementation of bromination reactions to manufacture value-added products is contingent upon the development of sustainable and cost-effective means to recycle copious amounts of HBr byproduct. We report families of heterogeneous catalysts for the full recovery of Br2 through HBr oxidation that display unprecedented low-temperature activity and stability. Copyright
Kinetic-spectrophotometric determination of ascorbic acid by inhibition of the hydrochloric acid-bromate reaction
Ensafi, Ali A,Rezaei,Movahedinia
, p. 2589 - 2594 (2002)
A new analytical method was developed for the determination of ascorbic acid in fruit juice and pharmaceuticals. The method is based on its inhibition effect on the reaction between hydrochloric acid and bromate. The decolourisation of Methyl Orange by the reaction products was used to monitor the reaction spectrophotometrically at 510 nm. The linearity range of the calibration graph depends on bromate concentration. The variable affecting the rate of the reaction was investigated. The method is simple, rapid, relatively sensitive and precise. The limit of detection is 7.6 × 10-6 M and calibration rang is 8 × 10-6-1.2 × 10-3 M ascorbic acid. The relative standard deviation of seven replication determinations of 8 × 10-6 and 2 × 10-5 M ascorbic acid was 2.8 and 1.7%, respectively. The influence of potential interfering substance was studied. The method was successfully applied for the determination of ascorbic acid in pharmaceuticals.
Oscillatory reaction of bromate-gallic acid. A calorimetric and electrometric study in aquo-organic solvent media
Biswas, Sudeshna,Mukherjee, Kallol,Basu, Samarendra Nath,Mukherjee, Dulal Chandra,Moulik, Satya Priya
, p. 575 - 592 (2001)
The oscillatory reaction between potassium bromate and gallic acid (in presence of sulfuric acid and ferroin indicator) has been calorimetrically and potentiometrically studied in binary mixtures of water and organic solvents viz. dimethyl formamide, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxan. The effects of solvent polarity, stirring condition, indicator concentration, aerial oxygen and chloride ion on the oscillatory process have been examined. The oscillatory behaviour of the reaction probed by the potentiometric method has a general agreement with the calorimetric method. An attempt has been made to determine the order of the Fe2+Fe3+ oxidation reaction. The damping coefficients of the oscillatory process in aqueous and mixed solvent media have been estimated. by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Muenchen.
Effect of temperature in a closed unstirred Belousov-Zhabotinsky system
Masia, Marco,Marchettini, Nadia,Zambrano, Vincenzo,Rustici, Mauro
, p. 285 - 291 (2001)
Complex periodic and aperiodic behaviours are reported in an unstirred Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillatory reaction performed at temperatures varying between 0°C and 8°C. A route to chaos following a Ruelle-Takens-Newhouse (RTN) scenario is identified. Thus, temperature effects on the coupling between chemical kinetics, diffusion and convection, seem to be responsible for the observed RTN scenario. In this Letter we demonstrate that the temperature is a bifurcation parameter for the sequence period-1 → quasiperiodicity → chaos.
Novel oscillatory reactions involving double substrate
Rastogi,Chand, Prem
, p. 434 - 440 (2003)
The oscillatory features of a novel type B-Z type oscillator, fructose [F] + oxalic acid [OA] + Ce4+ + BrO3- + H2SO4 has been investigated. The induction time is found to be usually small or negligible. Both single frequency oscillations and two oscillatory states separated by a time-pause are observed. Oscillations occur between two critical limits of [F] and [OA]. A tentative mechanism has been suggested which involves both Br- ion control and free radical control. Computer simulation correctly predicts some of the oscillatory features such as (i) time of initiation, (ii) critical limits of [OA] and (iii) stoppage of oscillations by higher [Br-], confirming the primary role of Br- control mechanism.
The role of the medium in electrochemical functionalization and dispersion of carbon nanotubes
Krivenko,Komarova,Ryabenko,Naumkin,Stenina,Sviridova,Sul’yanov
, p. 1071 - 1077 (2011)
An electrochemical method for dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is described. The technique is based on grafting of oxygen-containing functional groups to the nanotube surface during electrolysis in aqueous and nonaqueous potassium bromide solutions. A dependence of the degree of functionalization of nanotubes on the solvent was revealed experimentally. Nanotubes treated in DMSO have about 14 carbon atoms per oxygen atom from functional groups (cf. nearly four C atoms per oxygen atom in the nanotubes treated in aqueous solutions). The corresponding maximum specific capacities of the electrodes are nearly 10 and 60 F g-1. The samples treated in solutions of KBr in DMSO have about 300 carbon atoms per bromine atom on the nanotube surface (cf. only 30 carbon atoms in the samples treated in aqueous solution). A mechanism of electrochemical modification of SWNTs is proposed. Its key step is production of atomic oxygen that oxidizes the nanotube surface with the formation of functional groups.