- Radical hydroxymethylation of alkyl iodides using formaldehyde as a C1 synthon
-
Radical hydroxymethylation using formaldehyde as a C1 synthon is challenging due to the reversible and endothermic nature of the addition process. Here we report a strategy that couples alkyl iodide building blocks with formaldehyde through the use of photocatalysis and a phosphine additive. Halogen-atom transfer (XAT) from α-aminoalkyl radicals is leveraged to convert the iodide into the corresponding open-shell species, while its following addition to formaldehyde is rendered irreversible by trapping the transient O-radical with PPh3. This event delivers a phosphoranyl radical that re-generates the alkyl radical and provides the hydroxymethylated product.
- Caiger, Lewis,Constantin, Timothée,Douglas, James J.,Juliá, Fabio,Leonori, Daniele,Sheikh, Nadeem S.,Sinton, Conar
-
p. 10448 - 10454
(2021/08/20)
-
- Controlled Reduction of Carboxamides to Alcohols or Amines by Zinc Hydrides
-
New protocols for controlled reduction of carboxamides to either alcohols or amines were established using a combination of sodium hydride (NaH) and zinc halides (ZnX2). Use of a different halide on ZnX2 dictates the selectivity, wherein the NaH-ZnI2 system delivers alcohols and NaH-ZnCl2 gives amines. Extensive mechanistic studies by experimental and theoretical approaches imply that polymeric zinc hydride (ZnH2)∞ is responsible for alcohol formation, whereas dimeric zinc chloride hydride (H?Zn?Cl)2 is the key species for the production of amines.
- Ong, Derek Yiren,Yen, Zhihao,Yoshii, Asami,Revillo Imbernon, Julia,Takita, Ryo,Chiba, Shunsuke
-
supporting information
p. 4992 - 4997
(2019/03/13)
-
- Selective Hydrogenation of Carboxylic Acids to Alcohols or Alkanes Employing a Heterogeneous Catalyst
-
The chemoselective hydrogenation of carboxylic acids to either alcohols or alkanes is reported, employing a heterogeneous bimetallic catalyst consisting of rhenium and palladium supported on graphite. α-Chiral carboxylic acids were hydrogenated without loss of optical purity. The catalyst displays a reverse order of reactivity upon hydrogenation of different carboxylic functions with esters being less reactive than amides and carboxylic acids. This allows for chemoselective hydrogenation of an acid in the presence of an ester or an amide function.
- Ullrich, Johannes,Breit, Bernhard
-
p. 785 - 789
(2018/02/14)
-
- Robust cobalt oxide catalysts for controllable hydrogenation of carboxylic acids to alcohols
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The selective catalytic hydrogenation of carboxylic acids is an important process for alcohol production, while efficient heterogeneous catalyst systems are still being explored. Here, we report the selective hydrogenation of carboxylic acids using earth-abundant cobalt oxides through a reaction-controlled catalysis process. The further reaction of the alcohols is completely hindered by the presence of carboxylic acids in the reaction system. The partial reduction of cobalt oxides by hydrogen at designated temperatures can dramatically enhance the catalytic activity of pristine samples. A wide range of carboxylic acids with a variety of functional groups can be converted to the corresponding alcohols at a yield level applicable to large-scale production. Cobalt monoxide was established as the preferred active phase for the selective hydrogenation of carboxylic acids.
- Song, Song,Wang, Dong,Di, Lu,Wang, Chuanming,Dai, Weili,Wu, Guangjun,Guan, Naijia,Li, Landong
-
p. 250 - 257
(2018/02/20)
-
- Aromatic-ring-containing compound, preparation method thereof, pharmaceutical composition and application thereof
-
The invention discloses an aromatic-ring-containing compound, a preparation method thereof, a pharmaceutical composition and application. The present invention provides the aromatic-ring-containing compound represented by a formula 1, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a stereoisomer thereof, a tautomer thereof or a solvate thereof, and the aromatic-ring-containing compound can be effectively bounded to bromodomains of BRD4, BRD3, BRD2, and BRDT in BET family to regulate transcription of downstream gene c-myc and related target genes of the c-myc so as to regulate downstream signalingpathways to play specific roles including treatment of diseases such as inflammatory diseases, cancer, and AIDS. Some of the compounds have high activity, and have good cell activity and metabolic stability, so that the compounds can be an effective drug for treating tumors.
- -
-
Paragraph 0691-0695
(2018/08/03)
-
- Photochemical Homologation for the Preparation of Aliphatic Aldehydes in Flow
-
Cheap and readily available aqueous formaldehyde was used as a formylating reagent in a homologation reaction with nonstabilized diazo compounds, enabled by UV photolysis of bench-stable oxadiazolines in a flow photoreactor. Various aliphatic aldehydes were synthesized along with the corresponding derivatized alcohols and benzimidazoles. No transition-metal catalyst or additive was required to affect the reaction, which proceeded at room temperature in 80 min.
- Chen, Yiding,Leonardi, Marco,Dingwall, Paul,Labes, Ricardo,Pasau, Patrick,Blakemore, David C.,Ley, Steven V.
-
p. 15558 - 15568
(2019/01/04)
-
- VINYL COMPOUNDS AS FGFR AND VEGFR INHIBITORS
-
FGFR and VEGFR inhibitors are provided, and compounds represented by formula (1) or formula (II) as FGFR and VEGFR inhibitors, pharmaceutically acceptable salts or tautomers thereof are specifically disclosed.
- -
-
Paragraph 0268; 0269
(2018/06/23)
-
- Direct Ruthenium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Carboxylic Acids to Alcohols
-
The "green" reduction of carboxylic acids to alcohols is a challenging task in organic chemistry. Herein, we describe a general protocol for generation of alcohols by catalytic hydrogenation of carboxylic acids. Key to success is the use of a combination of Ru(acac)3, triphos and Lewis acids. The novel method showed broad substrate tolerance and a variety of aliphatic carboxylic acids including biomass-derived compounds can be smoothly reduced.
- Cui, Xinjiang,Li, Yuehui,Topf, Christoph,Junge, Kathrin,Beller, Matthias
-
supporting information
p. 10596 - 10599
(2015/09/02)
-
- OXAZOLIDINONE HYDROXAMIC ACID COMPOUNDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
-
This invention pertains generally to treating bacterial infections using organic compounds of Formula I. In certain aspects, the invention pertains to treating infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. (I) wherein X, Y, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 and defined herein.
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-
Page/Page column 109
(2015/05/19)
-
- SUBSTITUTED 6,5-FUSED BICYCLIC HETEROARYL COMPOUNDS
-
The present invention relates to substituted bicyclic heteroaryl compounds. The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds and methods of treating cancer by administering these compounds and pharmaceutical compositions to subjects in need thereof. The present invention also relates to the use of such compounds for research or other non-therapeutic purposes.
- -
-
Paragraph 0574; 0575
(2015/02/02)
-
- IRAK INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF
-
The present invention provides compounds, compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.
- -
-
Paragraph 00385; 00386
(2015/04/15)
-
- SUBSTITUTED BENZENE AND 6,5-FUSED BICYCLIC HETEROARYL COMPOUNDS
-
The present invention relates to substituted benzene compounds and bicyclic heteroaryl compounds. The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds and methods of treating cancer by administering these compounds and pharmaceutical compositions to subjects in need thereof. The present invention also relates to the use of such compounds for research or other non-therapeutic purposes.
- -
-
Paragraph 0613-0615
(2016/05/02)
-
- (Cyano-dimethyl-methyl)-isoxazoles and -[1,3,4]thiadiazoles
-
Disclosed are (cyano-dimethyl-methyl)-isoxazoles and -[1,3,4]thiadiazoles and their use as CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonists, pharmaceutical compositions containing the same, and their use for the treatment of CB2 receptor mediated disorders or conditions.
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Page/Page column 22
(2014/10/29)
-
- NOVEL (CYANO-DIMETHYL-METHYL)-ISOXAZOLES AND -[1,3,4]THIADIAZOLES
-
This invention relates to novel (Cyano-dimethyl-methyl)-isoxazolesand -[1,3,4]thiadiazoles and their use as CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonists, pharmaceutical compositions containing the same, and their use for the treatment of CB2 receptor mediated disorders or conditions.
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Page/Page column 24
(2014/12/12)
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- SUBSTITUTED 3-PHENYLPROPYLAMINE DERIVATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT OF OPHTHALMIC DISEASES AND DISORDERS
-
The present invention relates generally to compositions and methods for treating neurodegenerative diseases and disorders, particularly ophthalmic diseases and disorders. Provided herein are substituted 3-phenylpropylamine derivative compounds and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds. The subject compositions are useful for treating and preventing ophthalmic diseases and disorders, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Stargardt's Disease.
- -
-
Paragraph 0415; 0416
(2014/09/29)
-
- SULFONYL COMPOUNDS WHICH MODULATE THE CB2 RECE
-
Compounds of formula (I) and formula (II) are disclosed. Compounds according to the invention bind to and are agonists, antagonists or inverse agonists of the CB2 receptor, and are useful for treating inflammation. Those compounds which are agonists are a
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-
Page/Page column 33-34
(2012/02/05)
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- Stereocontrolled 1,3-phosphatyloxy and 1,3-halogen migration relay toward highly functionalized 1,3-dienes
-
A double migratory cascade reaction of α-halogen-substituted propargylic phosphates to produce highly functionalized 1,3-dienes has been developed. This transformation features 1,3-phosphatyloxy group migration followed by 1,3-shifts of bromine and chlorine as well as the unprecedented 1,3-migration of iodine. The reaction is stereodivergent: (Z)-1,3-dienes are formed in the presence of a copper catalyst, whereas gold-catalyzed reactions exhibit inverted stereoselectivity, producing the corresponding E products.
- Kazem Shiroodi, Roohollah,Dudnik, Alexander S.,Gevorgyan, Vladimir
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 6928 - 6931
(2012/06/15)
-
- Compounds Which Selectively Modulate The CB2 Receptor
-
Compounds of formula (I) are disclosed. Compounds according to the invention bind to and are agonists, antagonists or inverse agonists of the CB2 receptor, and are useful for treating inflammation. Those compounds which are agonists are additionally useful for treating pain.
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-
Page/Page column 14
(2011/04/18)
-
- COMPOUNDS WHICH MODULATE THE CB2 RECEPTOR
-
Compounds of formula (I) are disclosed. Compounds according to the invention bind to and are agonists, antagonists or inverse agonists of the CB2 receptor, and are useful for treating inflammation. Those compounds which are agonists are additionally usefu
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-
Page/Page column 38
(2011/08/04)
-
- TETRAZOLE COMPOUNDS WHICH SELECTIVELY MODULATE THE CB2 RECEPTOR
-
Compounds of formula (I) are disclosed. Compounds according to the invention bind to and are agonists, antagonists or inverse agonists of the CB2 receptor, and are useful for treating inflammation. Those compounds which are agonists are additionally usefu
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-
Page/Page column 23
(2011/10/03)
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- Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationships of (indo-3-yl) heterocyclic derivatives as agonists of the CB1 receptor. Discovery of a clinical candidate
-
We report an expansion of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of a novel series of indole-3-heterocyclic CB1 receptor agonists. Starting from the potent but poorly soluble lead, 1, a rational approach was taken in order to balance solubility, hERG a
- Ratcliffe, Paul,Adam, Julia M.,Baker, James,Bursi, Roberta,Campbell, Robert,Clark, John K.,Cottney, Jean E.,Deehan, Maureen,Easson, Anna-Marie,Ecker, Daniel,Edwards, Darren,Epemolu, Ola,Evans, Louise,Fields, Ruth,Francis, Stuart,Harradine, Paul,Jeremiah, Fiona,Kiyoi, Takao,McArthur, Duncan,Morrison, Angus,Passier, Paul,Pick, Jack,Schnabel, Peter G.,Schulz, Jurgen,Steinbrede, Heinz,Walker, Glenn,Westwood, Paul,Wishart, Grant,Haes, Joanna Udo De
-
scheme or table
p. 2541 - 2546
(2011/06/17)
-
- Compounds Which Selectively Modulate The CB2 Receptor
-
Compounds of formula (I) are disclosed. Compounds according to the invention bind to and are agonists, antagonists or inverse agonists of the CB2 receptor, and are useful for treating inflammation. Those compounds which are agonists are additionally usefu
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-
Page/Page column 31
(2010/04/23)
-
- HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS WHICH MODULATE THE CB2 RECEPTOR
-
Compounds which modulate the CB2 receptor are disclosed. Compounds according to the invention bind to and are agonists of the CB2 receptor, and are useful for treating inflammation. Those compounds which are agonists are additionally useful for treating pain.
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Page/Page column 156
(2010/09/17)
-
- Spiroindolinone Derivatives
-
There are provided compounds of the formula and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters and enantiomers thereof wherein W, X, X′, Y, V, V′, A, B and R are as described herein. The compounds have utility as antiproliferative agents, especially, as anticancer agents.
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Page/Page column 79
(2009/07/10)
-
- OXIM DERIVATIVES AS HSP90 INHIBITORS
-
The invention relates to HSP90 inhibiting compounds consisting of the formula: (I) wherein the variables are as defined herein. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions, kits and articles of manufacture comprising such compounds; methods and intermediates useful for making the compounds; and methods of using said compounds.
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Page/Page column 218
(2009/09/05)
-
- PURINE DERIVATIVES AS IMMUNOMODULATORS
-
The present invention includes novel compounds useful in the treatment of various disorders in particular infectious diseases, cancer, and allergic diseases and other inflammatory conditions for example allergic rhinitis and asthma, and as vaccine adjuvants
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Page/Page column 107
(2008/12/08)
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- TRICYCLO SUBSTITUTED AMIDES
-
Compounds of Formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are useful in the prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of hyperglycemia and diabetes.
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Page/Page column 12
(2008/06/13)
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- ENANTIOSELECTIVE PROCESS
-
A process for the production of compounds comprising the enantioselective hydrogenation of 2-substituted acrylic acid derivatives.
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Page/Page column 11
(2008/06/13)
-
- FLUORINATION PROCESS OF PROTECTED AMINOTHIAZOLE
-
A process for the production of fluorinated compound formula (I) comprising fluorination of a protected aminothiazole. Compounds formula (I) are useful in the preparation of activators of glucokinase.
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Page/Page column 13
(2010/10/20)
-
- Pyrimidine derivatives as ghrelin receptor modulators
-
The present invention is related to compounds of formula (I), or a therapeutically suitable salt or prodrug thereof, the preparation of the compounds, compositions containing the compounds and the use of the compounds in the prevention or treatment of disorders regulated by ghrelin including anorexia, cancer cachexia, eating disorders, age-related decline in body composition, weight gain, obesity, and diabetes mellitus.
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Page/Page column 40
(2010/02/11)
-
- Diaminopyrimidine derivatives as growth hormone secrectgogue receptor (GHS-R) antagonists
-
The present invention is related to compounds of formula (I), or a therapeutically suitable salt or prodrug thereof, the preparation of the compounds, compositions containing the compounds and the use of the compounds in the prevention or treatment of disorders regulated by the action of ghrelin receptor, including Prader-Willi syndrome, eating disorder, weight gain, weight-loss maintainance following diet and exercise, obesity, and disorders associated with obesity such as noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
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Page/Page column 39
(2010/02/13)
-
- Pharmaceutical compositions and methods for effecting dopamine release
-
Patients susceptible to or suffering from disorders, such as central nervous system disorders, which are characterized by an alteration in normal neurotransmitter release, such as dopamine release (e.g., Parkinsonism, Parkinson's Disease, Tourette's Syndrome, attention deficient disorder, or schizophrenia) are treated by administering an endo or exo form of a 1-aza-2-(3-pyridyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, a 1-aza-2-(3-pyridyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, a 1-aza-2-(3-pyridyl)bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane, a 1-aza-7-(3-pyridyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, a 1-aza-3-(3-pyridyl)bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane, or a 1-aza-7-(3-pyridyl)bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane.
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-
-
- Photochemical synthesis of highly functionalized cyclopropyl ketones
-
A series of di- and trisubstituted cyclopropyl ketones 11 were prepared by irradiation of ketones 3 and 5, which bear a leaving group adjacent to the carbonyl C-atom. The required ketones 3 could be easily synthesized either by functionalization of ketones 1 with a hypervalent iodine reagent, 2, or by O-sulfonylation of α-hydroxy ketones 7. The nitrates 5 were obtained by treatment of the corresponding α-bromo ketones with AgNO3. The irradiation of 3 and 5 must be performed in the presence of an acid scavenger (1-methyl-1H-imidazole) to obtain the cyclopropanes 11 in good yields. The synthetic efficiency of the method was, among other things, demonstrated by the preparation of a highly strained bicyclo[2.1.0]pentane 11i in good yield. The mechanism of the photochemical cyclization was investigated by means of photokinetic measurements, as well as by quantum-chemical calculations. It was shown that the presence of the leaving group substantially influences all steps of the photochemical reaction cascade. The X-ray crystal structures of 11j and exo-11k were also determined.
- Wessig, Pablo,Muehling, Olaf
-
p. 865 - 893
(2007/10/03)
-
- PYRANONE COMPOUNDS USEFUL TO TREAT RETROVIRAL INFECTIONS
-
The present invention relates to compounds of formulae (I) and (II) which are pyran-2-ones, 5,6-dihydro-pyran-2-ones, 4-hydroxy-benzopyran-2-ones, 4-hydroxy-cycloalkyl[b]pyran-2-ones, and derivatives thereof, useful for inhibiting a retrovirus in a mammalian cell infected with said retrovirus, wherein R 10 and R 20 taken together are formulae (III) and (IV). STR1
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-
-
- Depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxants
-
Compounds such as [5-chloronicotine, 5-fluoronornicotine, anabaseine, 5-fluoroanabaseine, 2-acetoxymethylquinuclidine or]2-(3-pyridyl)-quinuclidine are useful as locally acting and highly selective muscle relaxants. Each compound, when administered intravenously, acts to bind to musculoskeletal nicotinic receptor sites in a reversible manner causing transient depolarization, and hence provides for reversible muscle relaxation to a patient during anesthesia.
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-
-
- Hydrogenation of citric acid
-
A process for the preparation of propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, tetrahydrofurfurylacetic acid and the C1 - to C20 -alkyl or C7 - to C12 -aralkyl esters thereof, propane-1,2,3-trimethanol, 3-methyltetrahydrofuran, 3-(2'-hydroxyethyl)tetrahydrofuran, 4-hydroxymethyltetrahydropyran, 2-methyl-γ-butyrolactone and/or 3-methyl-γ-butyrolactone, comprises reacting citric acid or the C1 - to C20 -alkyl or C7 - to C12 -aralkyl esters thereof on hydrogenation catalysts in non-aqueous solvents at from 50° to 400° C. and at from 1 to 400 bar.
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-
-
- Twisted Si=N bonds: Matrix isolation of bridgehead silanimines
-
We report the IR and UV-vis spectra of three bridgehead silanimines, 1-sila-2-azabicyclo[3.2.2]non-1(2)-ene, 1-sila-2-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-1(2)-ene, and 1-sila-2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-1(2)-ene, prepared in matrix isolation by UV irradiation of bridgehead s
- Radziszewski, Juliusz G.,Kaszynski, Piotr,Littmann, Dieter,Balaji,Hess Jr.,Michl, Josef
-
p. 8401 - 8408
(2007/10/02)
-
- Acyl derivatives of rifamycins and their use as medicaments
-
The invention relates to novel polycyclic derivatives of rifamycins of the formula and the salts thereof, in which the structural elements -A1-A2-, -A3-A4- and -A5-A6- each denote ethylene
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