20427-56-9Relevant articles and documents
Kinetics of Corrosion of Ruthenium Dioxide Hydrate by CeIV Ions
Mills, Andrew,Davies, Hefin
, p. 473 - 478 (1991)
The kinetics of oxidative dissolution of RuO2*xH2O to RuO4 by CeIV ions are studied.Under conditions of a low IV>: ratio (e.g. 0.35:1) and a high background concentration of CeIII ions (which impede dissolution) the initial reduction of CeIV ions is due to charging of the RuO2*xH2O microelectrode particles.The initial rate of charging depends directyl upon and has an activation energy of 25 +/- 5kJ mol-1.Under conditions of a high IV>: (e.g. 9:1) and a low background III> the reduction of CeIV ions is almost totally associated with the dissolution of RuO2*xH2O to RuO4, e.e. not charging.The kinetics of dissolution obey and electrochemical model in which the reduction of CeIV ions and the oxidation of RuO2*xH2O to RuO4 are assumed to be highly reversible and irreversible processes, respectively, mediated by dissolving the microelectrode particles of RuO2*xH2O.Assuming this electrochemical model, from an analysis of the kinetics of dissolution the activation energy for this process was estimated to be 39 +/- 5 kJ mol-1 and the Tafel slope for RuO2*xH2O corrosion was calculated to be 15 mV per decade.The mechanistic implications of these results are discussed.
Corrosion of Ruthenium Dioxide Hydrate by CeIV Ions and other Oxidants
Mills, Andrew,Giddings, Susan,Patel, Ila
, p. 2317 - 2330 (1987)
A 'test system' has been developed in order to investigate the corrosion stabilities and O2-catalytic activities exhibited by samples of RuO2*xH2O when exposed to a strong oxidant such as CeIV ions.The RuO2*xH2O samples included commercial powders as well as one prepared in the laboratory.The majority of these samples, including the prepared samples, were unstable towards anodic corrosion ( ca. 86percent corrosion) and showed little O2 catalityc activity (O2 yields 8percent).The small amount of O2 evolved was believed to originate from water bound in the oxide powder.These RuO2*xH2O samples appeared, from thermogravimetric analysis (t.g.a.) and differential gravimetric analysis (d.t.g.a.) measurements, to be highly hydrated (H2O content = 24-26percent).A minority of commercial RuO2*xH2O powders, when analysed by t.g.a. and d.t.g.a., were found to be in a partially dehydrated form (H2O content = 18percent).These samples showed a much greater resistance towards corrosion (9-13percent corrosion) and were able to mediate the oxidation of water (O2 yield = 92percent) by CeIV ions.The corrosion of RuO2*XH2O by other oxidants, e.g.BrO3-, MnO4- or PbO2, was also studied and the results are discussed.The implications of these findings are considered.
Oxidative Dissolution of Ruthenium Dioxide Hydrate by Periodate Ions
Mills, Andrew,Sawunyama, Phillip
, p. 2487 - 2492 (1992)
The results of a kinetic study of the oxidative dissolution of ruthenium dioxide hydrate to ruthenium tetroxide by periodate ions, IO4(1-), in acidic solution are described.The kinetics of dissolution give a good fit to a 'soft-centre' model in which the
Two crystalline modifications of RuO4
Pley, Martin,Wickleder, Mathias S.
, p. 3206 - 3209 (2005)
RuO4 was prepared by oxidation of elemental ruthenium. Two different modifications were obtained and investigated by X-ray single crystal diffraction. RuO4-I has cubic symmetry (P4;-3n,Z=8,a=8.509(1)A) , and two independent tetrahedral molecules are present in the unit cell. Within the standard uncertainties in both molecules the distances Ru-O are 1.695 A. The second modification, RuO4-II, is monoclinic (C2/c,Z=4,a=9.302(4)A,b=4.3967(10)A,c=8.454(4)A,β=116. 82(3)°) and isotypic with OsO4. There is one independent molecule in the unit cell, which shows distances Ru-O of 1.697 and 1.701 A, respectively.
The reduction of dioxotetrachlororuthenate(VI) to hexachlororuthenate(IV) in a basic 1-butylpyridinium chloride-aluminium(III) chloride ionic liquid
Crisp, Russell I.,Hussey, Charles L.,Seddon, Kenneth R.
, p. 2819 - 2824 (1995)
The anion [RuO2Cl4](2-) is sufficiently stable in a basic [NBupy]Cl-AlCl3 ([NBupy]=1-butylpyridinium) ionic liquid (44.44 mol% AlCl3) at ambienttemperature to enable its solution electronic absorption spectrum to be recorded for the first time, but is slowly reduced (k=1.45E-5 s**-1; t( 1/2)=13.3 h) in a pseudo-first-order process to give predominantly [RuCl6](2-), according to [RuO2Cl4](2-) + 2[AlCl4](-) [RuCl6](2-) + 2 [AlOCl2](-) + Cl2. A by-product of the reduction process was tentatively identified as [Ru2OCl10](4-), and was believed to be formed according to 2[RuO2Cl4](2-) + 3[AlCl4](-) [Ru2OCl10](4-) + 3 [AlOCl2](-) + 2Cl2. This is the first documented irreversible transfer of an oxide ion from an isolable transition metal complex to tetrachloroaluminate in an ambient-temperature ionic liquid.
A study of zeolite NaY-supported ruthenate in the oxidation of alcohols
Friedrich, Holger B.,Singh, Nirad
, p. 266 - 271 (2006)
Sodium ruthenate was supported on zeolite NaY. This compound was found to be an efficient and selective catalyst, with a range of co-oxidants, for the room temperature oxidation of internal and external alcohols to their respective carbonyl products.
A general route for RuO2 deposition on metal oxides from RuO4
Kleiman-Shwarsctein, Alan,Laursen, Anders B.,Cavalca, Filippo,Tang, Wei,Dahl, Soren,Chorkendorff, Ib
, p. 967 - 969 (2012)
A novel method for the deposition of RuO2 from RuO 4(g) on diverse metal oxides has been developed by grafting dopamine onto the otherwise un-reactive metal oxide surface. Oxygen evolution reaction on TiO2 and the photoelectrochemical improvement of WO3 by deposition of RuO2 are just a few examples where this novel deposition method can be used.
Kinetics of Redox Dissolution of Soft-centre Particles
Mills, Andrew,Worsley, David
, p. 3405 - 3411 (1990)
A model is developed which describes the kinetics of redox dissolution of a powder comprising soft-centre particles, i.e. particles with a comparatively inert, outer layer and a more reactive, inner core.The model is then used to interpret the non-simple cubic rate law kinetics exhibited in the oxidative dissolution of partially dehydrated samples of ruthenium dioxide hydrate by bromate ions under acidic conditions.
Electron Spin Resonance Spectra of the Perruthenate(VII) Ion, (1-)
Dengel, Andrew C.,Gibson, John F.,Griffith, William P.
, p. 2799 - 2800 (1991)
Electron spin resonance spectra of the (1-) ion A, where A = NPrn4, N(PPh3)2 or PPh4> in frozen glasses of dichloromethane at ca. 90 K have been recorded; for A = NPrn4, gx = 1.93, gy = 1.98 and gz = 2.06.The spectrum of (1-) (and its electronic spectrum) have been interpreted and compared with those of an alkaline aqueous solution containing ruthenium(VII) species.The ESR spectrum of powdered potassium ruthenate(VI), trans-K2, at ca. 90 K was also recorded, and the preparation of , a new salt of (1-), is described.
A comparative study of the ruthenium(VI)dioxocarboxylato salts, [PPh4][RuO2(OCOR)Cl2] (R = CH3, CF3, C6H5, C6F5, C5H11), in the oxidation of alcohols
Friedrich, Holger B.,Gokul, Vikash
, p. 277 - 283 (2007)
The compounds [PPh4][Ru(O)2(OCOR)Cl2] (R = CH3 1a, CF3 1b, C6H5 1c, C6F5 1d, C5H11 1e) were prepared and fully characterised. The fluorinated compounds 1b and 1d were obtained in significantly higher yields than their protonated analogues 1a and 1c and compound 1b was found to be a clearly superior stoichiometric oxidant to compound 1a. The compounds 1a-1e were examined as catalytic oxidants for the oxidation of 1- and 2-hexanol, to hexanal and 2-hexanone respectively, with the co-oxidants H2O2, NaOCl, t-BuOOH, N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide, Me3NO, O2, C6H5IO and Bu4NIO4. Compounds 1c and 1d were further studied in the catalytic oxidation of a wide range of alcohols (using N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide and Bu4NIO4 as co-oxidants) and found to give the corresponding aldehydes or ketones very selectively, with no attack on sensitive linkages or functional groups and no over-oxidation products. Compounds 1c and 1d were also supported on poly(4-vinylpyridine) to give active catalysts.
