7782-50-5

Basic information

• Product Name: Chlorine
• Synonyms: Chlorinemol.;Chlorine molecule (Cl2);Diatomic chlorine;Dichlorine;Molecularchlorine
• CAS NO: 7782-50-5
• Molecular Formula: Cl2
• Molecular Weight: 70.906
• EINECS: 231-959-5
• Mol File: 7782-50-5.mol
• Article Data: 171

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: -101℃
• Boiling Point: -34 °C
• Appearance: light greenish-yellow gas with an irritating odour
• Density: 1.382 g/cm³
• Vapor Pressure: 6450mmHg at 25°C
• Refractive Index: 1.375
• Water Solubility: 0.7 g/100 mL
• CAS DataBase Reference: Chlorine(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Chlorine(7782-50-5)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Chlorine(7782-50-5)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: T:Toxic;;
• Statements: R23:; R36/37/38:; R50:
• Safety Statements: S9:; S45:; S61:
• RIDADR: 1017
• HazardClass: 2.3
• Hazardous Substances Data: 7782-50-5(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

InChI:InChI=1/Cl2/c1-2

Upstream product

• 7647-01-0 hydrogenchloride 
• 14545-72-3 chlorine nitrate 
• 79-21-0 peracetic acid 
• 127-18-4 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene 
• 74-96-4 ethyl bromide 
• 473-29-0 N,N-Dichlorobenzenesulfonamide 
• 359-63-7 N,N-bis(trifluoromethyl)hydroxylamine 
• 10026-13-8 phosphorus pentachloride 
• 67-66-3 chloroform 
• 75-09-2 dichloromethane 
• 76-06-2 chloropicrin 
• 75-52-5 nitromethane 
• 932-72-9 (Dichloroiodo)benzene 
• 64-19-7 acetic acid 

Downstream Products

• 3187-94-8 2-chlorofuran 
• 109-09-1 2-chloropyridine 
• 2402-78-0 2,6-dichloropyridine 
• 1072-98-6 5-chloro-2-pyridylamine 
• 96-02-6 2-chloromaleic anhydride 
• 128-09-6 N-chloro-succinimide 
• 4214-74-8 3,5-dichloropyridin-2-amine 
• 98083-43-3 1-Acetyl-5-chlorindazol 
• 42172-24-7 dichloro-methanesulfenyl chloride 
• 51174-93-7 bis-dichloromethyl sulfide 
• 62872-34-8 bromochloroacetamide 
• 90540-07-1 1-benzoyl-3-chloro-indole 
• 31166-29-7 4,5-dichlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid 
• 5209-33-6 5-chloroacenaphthene 

Relevant articles and documents

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol and dl-dithiothreitol by a platinum(IV) complex

A Pt(IV) complex [PtCl2(en)(heda)]Cl2 (heda = N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediamine) has been synthesized and characterized by ESI-MS, 1H NMR, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystal structure analysis. Oxidations of dithiol compounds 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol (DODT) and dl-dithiothreitol (DTT) by this complex were studied. The oxidation products were characterized as ten- and six-membered ring compounds for DODT and DTT, respectively, both containing an intramolecular disulfide bond. The kinetics of the oxidation reactions was followed by stopped-flow spectrophotometry over a wide pH range. The oxidations display an overall second-order character, being first-order each in [Pt(IV)] and in [dithiol]. A mechanism involving three parallel rate-determining steps is proposed, and the rate constants of the rate-determining steps have been evaluated.

Oxygen electrode reaction in a LiCl-KCl eutectic melt

Oxygen electrode reaction was investigated on a boron-doped diamond electrode in a LiCl-KCl eutectic melt. The standard formal potential of O 2O2- decreases with the elevation of temperature. The potential at 773 K is 2.424±0.003 V v

Mass transfer under bubble-induced convection in a vertical electrochemical cell

Mass transfer under bubble-induced convection has been experimentally measured in a vertical cell. The cell consisted of two parallel vertical electrodes, upon one of which chlorine gas evolved and the other where the mass-transfer-controlled reduction of

Potentialities of low-temperature chlorination of aluminum and its alloys with uranium

Potentialities of low-temperature (300-500°C) chlorination to remove the aluminum cladding of fuel elements and separate uranium and aluminum were studied.

The oxidation of zinc and barium chlorides with oxygen to obtain chlorine and finely dispersed zinc oxide

The regular features of the reaction of calcium, barium, and zinc chlorides with oxygen to form molecular chlorine and corresponding metal oxides are studied. The rate constants of the reaction were determined. The effective activation energies of oxidation of chloride ions were calculated with due to regard for the diffusion at the gas-chloride melt interface, which is especially pronounced at a temperature above 550°C. Zinc oxide being formed was separated from the reaction mixture, and the dispersion of its particles was determined. Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2010.

Crystal growth and crystal structures of six novel phases in the Mn/As/O/Cl(Br) system, as well as magnetic properties of α-Mn3(AsO4)2

Chemical vapour transport reactions (900 °C → 820 °C, Cl2 or Br2 as transport agent) of in situ formed Mn3(AsO4)2 yielded the orthoarsenates(V) α-Mn3(AsO4)2 and β-Mn3(AsO4)2 as well as the oxoarsenate(V) halide compounds Mn7(AsO4)4Cl2, Mn11(AsO4)7Cl, Mn11(AsO4)7Br and Mn5(AsO4)3Cl. The crystal structures of all six phases were determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. The crystal structures of α-and β-Mn3(AsO4)2 are isotypic with the corresponding phosphate phases γ- and α-Mn3(PO4)2, respectively, and are reported here for the first time. A comparative discussion with other structures of general composition M3(AsO4)2 (М = Mg; divalent first-row transition metal) is given. The unique crystal structures of Mn7(AsO4)4Cl2 and that of the two isotypic Mn11(AsO4)7X (X = Cl, Br) structures are composed of two [MnO5] polyhedra, two [MnO4Cl2] polyhedra (one with site symmetry 1ˉ), two AsO4 tetrahedra, and one [MnO5] polyhedron, three [MnO6] octahedra (one with site symmetry.m.), one [MnO4X], one [MnO5X] polyhedron and four AsO4 tetrahedra, respectively. The various polyhedra of the three arsenate(V) halides are condensed into three-dimensional framework structures by corner- and edge-sharing. Mn5(AsO4)3Cl adopts the chloroapatite structure. The magnetic and thermal properties of pure polycrystalline samples of a-Mn3(AsO4)2 were investigated in more detail. The magnetic susceptibility proves all Mn atoms to be in the oxidation state +2 yielding an effective magnetic moment per Mn atom of 5.9 μB. Long-range antiferromagnetic ordering is observed below 8.2 K consistent with the negative Curie-Weiss temperature of ?50 K derived from the high temperature susceptibility data.

The elusive halides VCl5, MoCl6, and ReCl6

Vanadium pentachloride and molybdenum and rhenium hexachloride are all thermally unstable but can be prepared by metathesis from the corresponding fluorides with BCl3 at low temperatures. MoCl6 is structurally related to β-WCl6, and ReCl6 to α-WCl6. VCl5 is a dimer in the solid state (see structure; V red, Cl green). Copyright

Kinetic study of the chlorine electrode reaction on Ti/RuO2 through the polarisation resistance: Part II: Mechanistic analysis

A new methodology for the kinetic treatment of electrode reactions is presented. It is based on a theoretical analysis of the predictive capability of different mechanisms for the dependence of the polarisation resistance on the different operative variables. This procedure is applied in this case to the analysis of the chlorine electrode reaction on Ti/RuO2, for which the variation of the polarisation resistance on the activity of the chloride ions and on the partial pressure of the chlorine gas is derived. The descriptive capability of the mechanisms under discussion at present for this reaction is discussed and the theoretical dependences are compared with experimental data.

Tensimetric investigation of the CrCl3-Cl2 system in the temperature range of 600-1200 K

The sublimation pressure of chromium trichloride was measured by the static method with a quartz membrane-gauge manometer in the temperature range of 875-1230 K. An approximating equation for the sublimation pressure vs. temperature was found. The enthalpy (259.4±4 kJ mol-1) and the entropy (224.2±3.5 J mol-1 K-1) of sublimation at 298 K were calculated. For the process 2 CrCl3(g) + Cl2(g) = 2 CrCl4(g), the following values were obtained: Δr H°298 = -207.1±11.6 kJ mol-1 and Δr S°298 = -173.6±10 5 J mol-1 K-1.

A novel monooxoruthenium(V) complex containing a polydentate pyridyl amine ligand. Syntheses, reactivities, and X-ray crystal structure of [RuIII(N4O)(H2O)](ClO4)2

The syntheses and characterization of cis-[RuIII(tepa)Cl2]+, [RuIII(N4O)(H2O)]2+, and [RuV(N4O)O]2+ complexes are described [tepa = tris(2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl)amine, N4OH = bis(2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl)(2-hydroxy-2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl)amine]. The molar magnetic susceptibilities for [RuIII(N4O)(H2O)]2+ and [RuV(N4O)O]2+ complexes are 1.79 and 2.2 μB, respectively. The X-ray structure of [RuIII(N4O)(H2O)](ClO4)2 has been determined: [RuIII(C21H23N4O)(H 2O)](ClO4)2, M = 666.43, monoclinic, space group P2/c (no. 13), a = 11.644 (1) A?, b = 11.937 (3) A?, c = 18.856 (6) A?, β = 105.39 (2)°, V = 2527 (1) A?3, Z = 4, Dx = 1.753, Dc = 1.752 g cm-3, μ(Mo Kα) = 8.82 cm-1. The Ru-O(OH2) and Ru-O(N4O) distances are 2.115 (3) and 1.961 (4) A?, respectively. The [RuV(N4O)O]2+ complex shows an intense Ru=O stretch at 872 cm-1 which is absent in the [RuIII(N4O)(H2O)]2+ complex. The Ru(V) state in [RuV(N4O)O]2+ has also been confirmed by spectrophotometric redox titration in 0.1 M HClO4 by using [RuII(NH3)4(bpy)]2+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) as the redox titrant. A stoichiometry of 1:3 has been obtained. The cyclic voltammograms of both [RuIIIHN4O)(H2O)]2+ and [RuV(N4O)O]2+ complexs show two couples at 0.35 and 1.02 V vs SCE in aqueous medium at pH = 1, assignable to a Ru(III/II) and a Ru(V/III) couple, respectively. At 5.5 > pH > 3.5, the wave for the Ru(V/III) couple splits into two waves, a pH-independent one-electron wave for the Ru(V/IV) couple and a two-proton-one-electron wave with a slope of -117 mV/pH unit for the Ru(IV/III) couple. The Ru(IV) state is found to be thermodynamically unstable with respect to disproportionation into Ru(III) and Ru(V) at pH V(N4O)O]2+ complex is found to be an active oxidant, capable of oxidizing both activated C-H bonds and the C-H bond of cyclohexane. Studies on the reactions of [RuV(N4O)O]2+ with organic substrates indicated that the Ru(V)=O has a higher affinity for hydrogen atom/hydride abstraction than oxo-transfer reaction to C=C double bond.

The regular features of chlorine formation in the systems NaCl-Me xOy-O2 and Ca(Zn)Cl2-Me xOy-O2

The reaction of sodium, calcium, and zinc chlorides with atmospheric oxygen in the presence of transition metal oxides and antimony oxide at temperatures exceeding the melting temperatures of chlorides was studied. The content of chorine, product of oxida

Two-dimensional cluster catalysts with superior thermal stability and catalytic activity for AP

The preparation of catalysts with small particle size, large specific surface area and high atomic utilization has always been the focus of research in the field of catalysis. As for energetic materials, catalysts are always used to improve the thermal decomposition performance of ammonium perchlorate (AP) as it has significant effect on the power of engine. In this work, a two-dimensional metal clusters catalyst has been successfully prepared by solvothermal and heat treatment to improve thermal decomposition performance of AP. In detail, the transition metal ions were supported on the graphene oxide (GO) surface by organic ligands linking, followed by heat treatment to obtain two-dimensional rGO based metal clusters catalyst. The morphology and structure of the catalysts at different temperatures and their effect on AP decomposition were studied, the results show that catalyst at 300 °C has a particle size of 20 nm and uniformly distributed on rGO. The catalyst promotes the high temperature decomposition of AP by 73.7 °C with improved stability, and increases the heat release from 652.73 J/g to 1392.11 J/g. This may be attributed to good conductivity of GO and the strong gain-loss electron ability of the metal clusters. The presence of GO increased the active sites for cluster catalysis, additional, the metal clusters have a positive synergistic effect with GO. Thus, the thermal decomposition performance of AP was enhanced meanwhile thermal stability can also be improved.

PhICl2is activated by chloride ions

A study on the potential activating role of pyridine in the electrophilic chlorination of anisole by PhICl2has led to the discovery that soluble sources of chloride ions activate PhICl2in the reaction at catalytic loadings, greatly increasing the rate of chlorination. It is further shown that presence of chloride increases the rate of decomposition of PhICl2into PhI and Cl2. The specific mechanism by which chloride induces electrophilic chlorination and decomposition of PhICl2remains an open question.

Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous Cr2O3?CeO2: High-performance catalysts for the oxidative removal of trichloroethylene

Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) CeO2, 3DOM Cr2O3, 3DOM xCr2O3?CeO2 (x (the weight percentage of Cr2O3) = 3.5, 5.5, and 8.0 wt%), and 5.5 wt% Cr2O3/3DOM CeO2 samples were prepared using the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-templating and incipient wetness impregnation methods, respectively. A number of techniques were used to characterize physicochemical properties of the materials, and their catalytic activities were evaluated for the oxidation of trichloroethylene (TCE). These samples possessed a good-quality 3DOM structure and a surface area of 35?47 m2/g. The 3DOM 5.5Cr2O3?CeO2 sample performed the best (the temperature at TCE conversion = 90% = 255 °C at a space velocity of 20,000 mL/(g h)). Effects of water vapor and carbon dioxide on activity of the 5.5Cr2O3?CeO2 sample were also examined. It is observed that partial deactivation induced by H2O introduction of the 5.5Cr2O3?CeO2 sample was reversible, while that induced by CO2 addition was irreversible. Based on the activity data and characterization results, it is concluded that the good catalytic activity and thermal stability of 3DOM 5.5Cr2O3?CeO2 was associated with its high adsorbed oxygen species concentration, good low-temperature reducibility, and strong interaction between Cr2O3 and CeO2. We believe that the 3DOM 5.5Cr2O3?CeO2 catalyst is promising in the application for oxidative removal of chlorinated volatile organic compounds.