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Design, synthesis and SAR analysis of potent BACE1 inhibitors: Possible lead drug candidates for Alzheimer's disease
We have identified potent isophthalic acid derivatives armed with imidazol and indolyl groups as potent β-secretase inhibitors. The most effective analogs demonstrated low nano-molar potency for the BACE1 (β-secretase cleaving enzyme) as measured by FRET (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer) and cell-based (ELISA) assays. Our design strategy followed a traditional SAR approach and was supported by molecular modeling studies based on previously reported hydroxyethylene transition state inhibitor derived from isophthalic acid I. In the FRET assay, the most potent compound, 10a, displayed an IC50value for BACE1 of 75 nM, and exhibited cellular activity with an EC50 value of 0.81 μM. On the other hand, compound 11b was found to be the most potent compound in the cell-based assay with an EC50value of 0.29 μM.
Tarazi, Hamadeh,Odeh, Raed Abu,Al-Qawasmeh, Raed,Yousef, Imad Abu,Voelter, Wolfgang,Al-Tel, Taleb H.
p. 1213 - 1224
(2017)
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C?H Methylation of Iminoamido Heterocycles with Sulfur Ylides**
The direct methylation of N-heterocycles is an important transformation for the advancement of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, functional materials, and other chemical entities. Herein, the unprecedented C(sp2)-H methylation of iminoamido heterocycles as nucleoside base analogues is described. Notably, trimethylsulfoxonium salt was employed as a methylating agent under aqueous conditions. A wide substrate scope and excellent level of functional-group tolerance were attained. Moreover, this method can be readily applied to the site-selective methylation of azauracil nucleosides. The feasibility of gram-scale reactions and various transformations of the products highlight the synthetic potential of the developed method. Combined deuterium-labeling experiments aided the elucidation of a plausible reaction mechanism.
Ghosh, Prithwish,Kwon, Na Yeon,Kim, Saegun,Han, Sangil,Lee, Suk Hun,An, Won,Mishra, Neeraj Kumar,Han, Soo Bong,Kim, In Su
supporting information
p. 191 - 196
(2020/10/29)

An umpolung oxa-[2,3] sigmatropic rearrangement employing arynes for the synthesis of functionalized enol ethers
An oxa-[2,3] sigmatropic rearrangement involving arynes is reported featuring the umpolung of ketones, where the C=O bond polarity is reversed. The in situ-generated sulfur ylides from β-keto thioethers and arynes undergo efficient rearrangement allowing the facile and robust synthesis of functionalized enol ethers in high yields and excellent functional group compatibility. Preliminary mechanistic studies rule out the possibility of Pummerer-type rearrangement operating in this case.
Gaykar, Rahul N.,George, Malini,Guin, Avishek,Bhattacharjee, Subrata,Biju, Akkattu T.
supporting information
p. 3447 - 3452
(2021/05/04)

Ground-State Electron Transfer as an Initiation Mechanism for Biocatalytic C-C Bond Forming Reactions
The development of non-natural reaction mechanisms is an attractive strategy for expanding the synthetic capabilities of substrate promiscuous enzymes. Here, we report an "ene"-reductase catalyzed asymmetric hydroalkylation of olefins using α-bromoketones as radical precursors. Radical initiation occurs via ground-state electron transfer from the flavin cofactor located within the enzyme active site, an underrepresented mechanism in flavin biocatalysis. Four rounds of site saturation mutagenesis were used to access a variant of the "ene"-reductase nicotinamide-dependent cyclohexanone reductase (NCR) from Zymomonas mobiles capable of catalyzing a cyclization to furnish β-chiral cyclopentanones with high levels of enantioselectivity. Additionally, wild-type NCR can catalyze intermolecular couplings with precise stereochemical control over the radical termination step. This report highlights the utility for ground-state electron transfers to enable non-natural biocatalytic C-C bond forming reactions.
Fu, Haigen,Lam, Heather,Emmanuel, Megan A.,Kim, Ji Hye,Sandoval, Braddock A.,Hyster, Todd K.
supporting information
p. 9622 - 9629
(2021/07/01)

Nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) as a criterion for the design of new antifungal benzofuranones
The assertion made by Wu et al. that aromaticity may have considerable implications for molecular design motivated us to use nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS) as an aromaticity criterion to evaluate the antifungal activity of two series of indol-4-ones. A linear regression analysis of NICS and antifungal activity showed that both tested variables were significantly related (p –1 for Candida glabrata, Candida krusei and Candida guilliermondii with compounds 15-32, 15-15 and 15-1. The MIC for filamentous fungi was 1.95 μg·mL–1 for Aspergillus niger for compounds 15-1, 15-33 and 15-34. The results obtained support the use of NICS in the molecular design of compounds with antifungal activity.
González-Chávez, Marco Martín,González-Chávez, Rodolfo,Méndez, Francisco,Martínez, Roberto,Ni?o-Moreno, Perla Del Carmen,Ojeda-Fuentes, Luis Enrique,Richaud, Arlette,Zerme?o-Macías, María de los ángeles
(2021/08/30)

Utility of N -Bromosuccinimide-Water Combination as a Green Reagent for Synthesis of N,S-Heterocycles and Dithiocarbamates from Styrenes
An efficient and unprecedented green protocol has been developed for the synthesis of N,S-heterocycles from styrenes and alkyl dithiocarbamates with high to excellent yields. The reaction of primary or secondary amines, CS 2, and styrenes was carried out in water in the presence of a catalytic amount of an inorganic base. All products were made by using an N -bromosuccinimide-H 2O combination as a green and inexpensive reagent.
Matloubi Moghaddam, Firouz,Goudarzi, Mehri
supporting information
p. 1823 - 1827
(2020/10/02)

Structural optimization of imidazothiazole derivatives affords a new promising series as B-Raf V600E inhibitors; synthesis, in vitro assay and in silico screening
BRAF mutation is commonly known in a number of human cancer types. It is counted as a potential component in treating cancer. In this study, based on structural optimization of previously reported inhibitors (3-fluro substituted derivatives of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-based scaffold), we designed and synthesized sixteen new imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives with m-nitrophenyl group at position 6. The electron withdrawing properties was reserved while the polarity was modified compared to previously synthesized compounds (-F). Furthermore, the new substituted group (–NO2) provided an additional H-bond acceptor(s) which may bind with the target enzyme through additional interaction(s). In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation was performed against human cancer cell line (A375). In addition, in vitro enzyme assay was performed against mutated B-Raf (B-Raf V600E). Compounds 13a, 13g and 13f showed highest activity on mutated B-Raf with IC50 0.021, 0.035 and 0.020 μM. All target compounds were tested for in vitro cytotoxicity against NCI 60 cell lines. Compounds 13a and 13g were selected for 5 doses test mode. Moreover, in silico molecular simulation was explored in order to explore the possible interactions between the designed compounds and the B-Raf V600E active site.
Abdel-Maksoud, Mohammed S.,Ali, Eslam M. H.,Ammar, Usama M.,Ho Yoo, Kyung,Mersal, Karim I.,Oh, Chang-Hyun
(2020/05/29)

Design and synthesis of new donepezil analogs derived from arylpiperazine scaffold as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Newly synthesized 4-substituted phenyl-2-(4-substituted phenylpiperazine-1-yl)thiazole derivatives (4a–v) were evaluated in terms of their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition activities. Twenty-two compounds were tested against AChE at six different concentrations that varied between 10?4 and 10?9 M. The concentrations that inhibited AChE were calculated between 1.15 and 3.45 μM in seven compounds (4a, 4b, 4h, 4l, 4m, 4q, 4r). Compounds 4m, 4b, and 4l represented 1.15, 1.31, 1.34 μM (IC50) inhibitions, respectively. Although the inhibition values are lower than that of donepezil, they are considerable. Modeling studies of these analogs revealed similar positioning with donepezil, in which Ar–Ar interactions with Tyr337 and Trp 286 exist.
Sahin, Zafer,Biltekin, Sevde Nur,Bülbül, Emre Fatih,Yurttas, Leyla,Berk, Barkin,Demirayak, ?eref
p. 283 - 293
(2020/10/29)

Synthesis and evaluation of substituted aryl thiazoles with antioxidant potential as gastro-sparing anti-inflammatory agents
Background: NSAIDs are used as first-line drugs for the treatment of various inflammatory disorders. Chronic use of NSAIDs is known to be associated with gastrointestinal and renal toxicity. Local generation of reactive oxygen species finally resulting in cellular apoptosis is one of the accepted mechanisms for NSAID-induced toxicity. Objective: The objective of the present study was to design and synthesize a series of 2-methane sulfonamido substituted arylthiazole derivatives by including structural features of combined antiulcer and anti-inflammatory activity utilizing as the structural core, thiazole nucleus with potential for antioxidant effect. Methods: Compounds were designed based on three dimensional and field similarity studies. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. Rofecoxib and indomethacin were taken as standard drugs for comparison. The in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed in potassium ferricyanide reducing power (PFRAP) assay employing ascorbic acid as the standard drug. Results: The compounds 6 and 7 showed good anti-inflammatory activity comparable to the standard group and were also non ulcerogenic at the test doses. Compounds 1-7 displayed varying degrees of reducing power in the PFRAP) assay and the methanesulphonamido derivatives 4-7 showed the highest antioxidant activity (EC50 values 3.7-5.1 μmol/ml vs ascorbic acid 7.4 μmol/ml). Theoretical ADME profiling of the compounds based on selected physicochemical properties showed excellent compliance with Lipinski’s rule. Conclusion: A series of compounds have been designed and synthesized having dual antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity with activities comparable to standard drugs.
Bansal, Akhil,Bali, Alka,Balaini, Ajitesh
p. 1566 - 1578
(2020/10/29)

Application of poly(vinylphenyltrimethylammonium tribromide) resin as an efficient polymeric brominating agent in the α-bromination and α-bromoacetalization of acetophenones
The applications of a new supported tribromide reagent based on poly(vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide) resin (Amberlite 717) were reported. This supported tribromide resin was used directly in α-bromination and α-bromoacetalization of acetophenones without any other catalyst under mild conditions. The effects of solvents and the amount of the supported tribromide resin on the reactions were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, most of α-bromo and α-bromoacetal of acetophenones were selectively obtained in excellent yields.
Han, Bingbing,Zheng, Zubiao,Zheng, Dongcheng,Zhang, Lei,Cui, Peng,Shi, Jianjun,Li, Changjiang
supporting information
p. 2512 - 2520
(2019/07/04)

Novel thiazole-piperazine derivatives as potential cholinesterase inhibitors
Dementia is a cognitive disorder mostly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in addition to being seen in many other diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). The limited number of drugs is not sufficient to provide adequate improvement to increase the quality of life of patients suffering from this symptom; therefore, all treatment options should be evaluated in detail. In this study, new molecules, [2-(4-(2/3/4-substituted phenyl)piperazin-1-yl)-4-phenylthiazol-5-yl][3/4-substituted phenyl]methanone derivatives (1-44), were obtained and analyzed in terms of their anticholinesterase activities. Kinetic mode and molecular interactions were also evaluated. An enzyme inhibition study was undertaken on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) using the Ellman method. Maestro program was used in molecular modeling studies. Forty-four compounds were evaluated on AChE and BChE enzymes at 10?3 and 10?4 concentrations. The inhibition concentrations were calculated as 0.268μM to 2.104μM for six compounds (4, 5, 16, 27, 37, and 38) on AChE. Compound 5 including the 4-methoxy substituent (IC50: 0.268μM) and compound 38 containing the 4-methoxy and 3-methyl substituents (IC50: 0.286μM) showed the highest AChE inhibitory activity. They were further examined in terms of hydrogen bonding with Arg296 and Ar-Ar interaction with Trp286. The activity of compound 5 was also assessed in mixed-type kinetic mode.
Demirayak, ?eref,?ahin, Zafer,Erta?, Merve,Bülbül, Emre Fatih,Bender, Ceysu,Biltekin, Sevde Nur,Berk, Barkin,Sa?l?k, Begüm Nurpelin,Levent, Serkan,Yurtta?, Leyla
p. 3370 - 3386
(2019/11/03)

An efficient heterogeneous gold(I)-catalyzed hydration of haloalkynes leading to α-halomethyl ketones
A highly efficient heterogeneous gold(I)-catalyzed hydration of haloalkynes has been developed that proceeds smoothly under mild and neutral conditions and provides a general and practical route for the synthesis of a variety of α-halomethyl ketones with high atom-economy, excellent yield, and recyclability of the gold(I) catalyst. The presented method delivers an attractive alternative to classical α-halogenation of ketones.
Hu, Sifan,Liu, Dayi,Yan, Chenyu,Cai, Mingzhong
supporting information
p. 2983 - 2991
(2018/12/04)

Nonenzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of in situ Generated Hemithioacetals: Access to 1,3-Disubstituted Phthalans
The first nonenzymatic DKR reaction of hemithioacetals is developed. Hemithioacetals were formed in situ via thiol addition and subsequently underwent an intramolecular oxa-Michael reaction. The scope of the reaction was quite broad ranging from aliphatic to aromatic substituents and 1,3-disubstituted-1,3-dihyroisobenzofuran products were obtained in good yields with moderate diastereoselectivities and high enantioselectivities. (Figure presented.).
Nath, Utpal,Chowdhury, Deepan,Pan, Subhas Chandra
supporting information
p. 1628 - 1633
(2018/03/21)

One-Pot Sequential Bromination and Fluorination to Access 3-Fluoroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines from Arylketones
3-Fluoro-2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines were selectively synthesised in one-pot from acetophenones and 2-aminopyridines under mild conditions. The sequence of reactions involved bromination, condensation, and late-stage fluorination. Two halogenating reagents play key roles in the process. We found that tetrabutylammonium tribromide and SelectfluorTM gave excellent yields of the desired products in the one-pot sequential reaction.
Udavant, Rohini N.,Yadav, Ashok R.,Shinde, Sandip S.
p. 3432 - 3436
(2018/07/25)

Thiazole-substituted benzoylpiperazine derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
(Table presented.). After acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft, it is reabsorbed or deactivated by acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Studies on Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the mid-20th century proved that cognitive dysfunctions are associated with cholinergic neurotransmission. Drugs, such as tacrine, rivastigmine, donepezil, and galantamine are known as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. However, these drugs have limited use in advanced AD and dementia. Recently, the anticholinesterase activity of various heterocyclic-framed compounds, including piperazine derivatives, has been investigated, and compounds with similar effects to known drugs have been identified. The aim of this study was to design new donepezil analogs. In this study, 66 original piperazinyl thiazole derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of piperazine N′-benzoyl thioamides and bromoacetophenones to inhibit AChE. Biological activity was measured by the Ellman method. Compounds 35, 38, 40, 45, 57, and 61 showed a high inhibitory effect among the series (80.36%–83.94% inhibition), and donepezil had a 96.42% inhibitory effect. The IC50 values of compounds 35, 38, and 40, were calculated as 0.9767 μM, 0.9493 μM, and 0.8023 μM, respectively. Compound 45 (IC50 = 1.122), Compound 57 (IC50 = 1.2130) and 61 (IC50 = 0.9193) also exhibited good activity on AChE. Molecular modeling studies were in agreement with the predictions. Trp286, Arg296, and Tyr341 were the key amino acids at the active site. Both donepezil and synthesized compounds seemed to interact with these residues.
Sahin, Zafer,Ertas, Merve,Bender, Ceysu,Bülbül, Emre F.,Berk, Barkin,Biltekin, Sevde N.,Yurtta?, Leyla,Demirayak, ?eref
p. 406 - 425
(2018/10/26)

Preparation method for terpyridine pyridinium complex and application thereof in reverse transcriptase inhibition
The invention belongs to the field of research and development of HIV inhibitors, and discloses a preparation method for a terpyridine pyridinium (II) complex and application thereof in HIV reverse transcriptase inhibition. The structure of a cationic moiety of the terpyridine pyridinium (II) complex is as shown in a formula I. A preparation process for the terpyridine pyridinium (II) complex is optimized, the raw material cost is low, and the reaction time is short. The obtained complex is high in purity and yield and has good water solubility and excellent spectral properties. The terpyridine pyridinium (II) complex has the capability of selective binding to a TAR region on HIV RNA, and can block the reverse transcription process of viral RNA by reverse transcriptase and inhibit the replication of viral RNA. The terpyridine pyridinium (II) complex is a highly affinitive HIV RNA selective binding reagent and a highly active HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor, and is an HIV drug having a great application potential.
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Paragraph 0022; 0024

(2019/01/16)

Efficient sulfonylation of ketones with sodium sulfinates for the synthesis of β-keto sulfones
The oxidative sulfonylation of ketones with sodium sulfinates as the sulfone source and DMSO as the oxidant is reported. A series of β-keto sulfones were obtained in good to excellent yields. The advantages of this efficient protocol include the low cost of DMSO and HBr, and a broad scope.
Deng, Siqi,Liang, En,Wu, Yinrong,Tang, Xiaodong
supporting information
p. 3955 - 3957
(2018/09/27)

1,3-Dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin mediated oxidative amidation of terminal alkenes in water
A variety of terminal alkenes were converted to the corresponding amides in yields of 25 to 86% in water via treatment with 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, followed by reaction with molecular iodine and aq. NH3 (or amine) in one pot. This metal- and organic solvent-free protocol is not only suitable for styrene derivatives, but also, for the first time, works well on terminal aliphatic alkenes.
Ma, Chunhua,Fan, Guojie,Wu, Ping,Li, Zhi,Zhou, Yang,Ding, Qingjie,Zhang, Wei
p. 9889 - 9894
(2017/12/12)

A new and versatile one-pot strategy to synthesize alpha-bromoketones from secondary alcohols using ammonium bromide and oxone
A new, efficient and green protocol for the one-pot synthesis of α-bromoketones from secondary alcohols using cheap, air stable and non-toxic reagents such as NH4Br and oxone has been developed. This reaction proceeds via two consecutive steps such as oxidation of secondary alcohols and oxidative bromination of in situ generated ketones.
Rammurthy, Banothu,Swamy, Peraka,Naresh, Mameda,Srujana, Kodumuri,Durgaiah, Chevella,Krishna Sai, Gajula,Narender, Nama
p. 3710 - 3714
(2017/07/12)

SUBSTITUTED HYDROPHOBIC BENZENE SULFONAMIDE THIAZOLE COMPOUNDS FOR USE IN TREATING CANCER
The present invention relates to compound of general formula (I) R1 is selected from H, aryl and alkyl, R2 is selected from H, alkyl, aryl and CO-R6; R3 is selected from H, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, NHR7, NR7R8, OR7 and SR7; R4 is selected from(C6-C12) alkyl, (C2-C12) alkenyl, (C2-C12) alkynyl and (C6-C10) aryl, R5 represents H, R6, aryl, OH, OR6, O-aryl, SH, SR6, S-aryl, CN, NO2, CF3, COOR6, SO2NR6R7, CONR6R7, NH2, NHR6, NH-aryl, NR6R7, NHCOR6 or aminoacyl; R6 is alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, OH, SH, NH2, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, NH- alkyl or NH-di(alkyl); R7 and R8 identical or different are H or alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, OH, SH, NH2, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, NH-alkyl or NH-di (alkyl), their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or isomers, tautomers, solvates or isotopic variations thereof. The compounds are useful for the treatment of cancers.
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(2017/02/24)

Structure activity relationship and optimization of N-(3-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)aryl)benzenesulfonamides as anti-cancer compounds against sensitive and resistant cells
We recently described a new family of bioactive molecules with interesting anti-cancer activities: the N-(4-(3-aminophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)acetamides. The lead compound of the series (1) displays significant anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activities against a panel of cancer cell lines, either sensitive or resistant to standard treatments. This molecule also shows a good pharmacological profile and high in vivo potency towards mice xenografts, without signs of toxicity on the animals. In the present article, we disclose the structure-activity relationships of this lead compound, which have provided clear information about the replacement of the acetamide function and the substitution pattern of the benzenesulfonamide ring. An improved high-yielding synthetic procedure towards these compounds has also been developed. Our drug design resulted in potency enhancement of 1, our new optimized lead compound being 19. These findings are of great interest to further improve this scaffold for the development of future clinical candidates.
Ronco, Cyril,Millet, Antoine,Plaisant, Magali,Abbe, Patricia,Hamouda-Tekaya, Nedra,Rocchi, Stéphane,Benhida, Rachid
supporting information
p. 2192 - 2196
(2017/04/28)

Synthesis and antifungal activity of novel oxazolidin-2-one-linked 1,2,3-triazole derivatives
Novel oxazolidin-2-one-linked 1,2,3-triazole derivatives (4a-k) were synthesized by straightforward and versatile azide-enolate (3 + 2) cycloaddition. The series of compounds was screened for antifungal activity against four filamentous fungi as well as six yeast species of Candida spp. According to their efficiency and breadth of scope, they can be ordered as 4k > 4d > 4h > 4a, especially in relation to the activity displayed against Candida glabrata ATCC-34138, Trichosporon cutaneum ATCC-28592 and Mucor hiemalis ATCC-8690, i.e. compounds 4d, 4h and 4k showed excellent activity against C. glabrata (MIC 0.12, 0.25 and 0.12 μg mL-1, respectively), better than that of itraconazole (MIC 1 μg ml-1). The activity of compound 4d (MIC = 2 μg mL-1) was higher than that observed for the standard antifungal drug (MIC = 8 μg mL-1) against Trichosporon cutaneum, while compound 4k displayed an excellent antimycotic activity against Mucor hiemalis (MIC = 2 μg mL-1vs. 4 μg mL-1 for itraconazole). In addition, we describe herein a novel mild and eco-friendly synthetic protocol for obtaining β-ketosulfones (adducts to afford compounds 4a-k) from α-brominated carbonyls in an aqueous nanomicellar medium at room temperature.
Ramírez-Villalva, Alejandra,González-Calderón, Davir,Rojas-García, Roxana I.,González-Romero, Carlos,Tamaríz-Mascarúa, Joaquín,Morales-Rodríguez, Macario,Zavala-Segovia, Nieves,Fuentes-Benítes, Aydeé
p. 2258 - 2262
(2017/12/26)

α-Ketothioamide Derivatives: A Promising Tool to Interrogate Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase (PHGDH)
Given the putative role of PHGDH in cancer, development of inhibitors is required to explore its function. In this context, we established and validated a straightforward enzymatic assay suitable for high-throughput screening and we identified inhibitors with similar chemical scaffolds. Through a convergent pharmacophore approach, we synthesized α-ketothioamides that exhibit interesting in vitro PHGDH inhibition and encouraging cellular results. These novel probes may be used to understand the emerging biology of this metabolic target.
Ravez, Séverine,Corbet, Cyril,Spillier, Quentin,Dutu, Alice,Robin, Anita D.,Mullarky, Edouard,Cantley, Lewis C.,Feron, Olivier,Frédérick, Rapha?l
supporting information
p. 1591 - 1597
(2017/03/08)

Citric Acid-catalyzed Synthesis of 2,4-Disubstituted Thiazoles from Ketones via C–Br, C–S, and C–N Bond Formations in One Pot: A Green Approach
An improved and greener protocol has been developed for the synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted thiazoles via C–Br, C–S, and, C–N bond formations in a single step from readily available ketones, N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), and thiourea catalyzed by citric acid in a mixture of ethanol and water (3:1) under reflux conditions. This method has the advantages of freedom from the isolation of lachrymatory α-bromoketones, ease of carrying out, cleaner reaction profile, broad substrate scope, freedom from chromatographic purification, and suitability for large-scale synthesis.
Gundala, Trivikram Reddy,Godugu, Kumar,Nallagondu, Chinna Gangi Reddy
p. 1408 - 1416
(2017/10/23)

Discovery and Optimization of N-(4-(3-Aminophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)acetamide as a Novel Scaffold Active against Sensitive and Resistant Cancer Cells
Cancer is the second cause of deaths worldwide and is forecasted to affect more that 22 million people in 2020. Despite dramatic improvement in its care over the last two decades, the treatment of resistant forms of cancer is still an unmet challenge. Thus, innovative and efficient treatments are still needed. In this context, we report herein the synthesis and the evaluation of a new class of bioactive molecules belonging to the N-(4-(3-aminophenyl(thiazol-2-yl)acetamide family. Structure-activity relationships could be driven and resulted in the discovery of lead compound 6b. The latter display high in vitro potency against both sensitive and resistant cancer cell lines on three models: melanoma, pancreatic cancer, and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). 6b leads to cell death by concomitant induction of apoptosis and autophagy, shows good pharmacokinetic properties, and demonstrates a significant reduction of tumor growth in vivo on A375 xenograft model in mice.
Millet, Antoine,Plaisant, Magali,Ronco, Cyril,Cerezo, Micha?l,Abbe, Patricia,Jaune, Emilie,Cavazza, Elisa,Rocchi, Stéphane,Benhida, Rachid
p. 8276 - 8292
(2016/10/03)

Aq HBr–NaNO2–KI/air: a new catalytic system for α-monobromination of ketones
An efficient approach for α-bromination of aryl alkyl ketones, utilizing a system consisting of aqueous hydrobromic acid as bromine source, sodium nitrite–KI as catalyst, and air as terminal oxidant, has been developed. The method offers advantages of selective monobromination, mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and good yield. The use of air as the terminal oxidant makes the reaction very attractive from both economical and environmental viewpoints.
Ghorpade, Archana K.,Huddar, Sameerana N.,Akamanchi, Krishnacharya G.
supporting information
p. 4918 - 4921
(2016/10/22)

A novel acid-catalyzed rearrangement of 2-substituted-3-(2-nitrophenyl)oxiranes for the synthesis of di- and mono-oxalamides
A novel one-pot synthetic approach to N1-(2-carboxyaryl)-N2-(aryl or H)oxalamides from 3-(2-nitroaryl)oxirane-2-carboxamides via the classical Meinwald rearrangement and a new rearrangement sequence has been developed. The methodology is applicable to the synthesis of N-(2-carboxyphenyl)aryloxalmonoamides from (3-(2-nitrophenyl)oxiran-2-yl)(aryl)methanones. The method is operationally simple and high yielding, thus providing a new useful formula for both anthranilic acid derivatives and oxalamides.
Mamedov, Vakhid A.,Mamedova, Vera L.,Khikmatova, Gul'Nas Z.,Mironova, Ekaterina V.,Krivolapov, Dmitry B.,Bazanova, Olga B.,Chachkov, Denis V.,Katsyuba, Sergey A.,Rizvanov, Il'Dar Kh,Latypov, Shamil K.
p. 27885 - 27895
(2016/03/30)

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity evaluation of new dithiocarbamate derivatives bearing thiazole/benzothiazole rings
The synthesis of 2-(substituted phenyl)-2-oxoethyl 4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-carbodithiodate (A1-A24) derivatives and 2-(4-substituted thiazol-2-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl 4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-carbodithiodate (B1-B14) derivatives was undertaken starting from the potassium salt of 4-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperazine dithiocarbamate. The structures of the obtained compounds were elucidated by1H NMR,13C NMR, MS spectral data, and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial activity of the thirty eight newly synthesized compounds were tested against 12 microorganism strains using the microdilution technique. Compounds 2-(4-ethoxycarbonylthiazol-2-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl 4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-carbodithiodate (B12), 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl 4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-carbodithiodate (A18) and 2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl 4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-carbodithiodate (A21) were determined to possess high antimicrobial activity.
Yurtta?, Leyla,?zkay, Yusuf,Duran, Murat,Turan-Zitouni, Gülhan,?zdemir, Ahmet,Cantürk, Zerrin,Kü?üko?lu, Kaan,Kaplanc?kl?, Zafer As?m
p. 1166 - 1173
(2016/07/27)

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel C1-glycosyl thiazole derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
A new series of C1-glycosyl thiazole derivatives was synthesised by the reaction of 1-(1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranos-2-yl)thiourea with 2-bromoacetophenone derivatives. Subsequent removal of the acetyl groups were conducted using NaOMe-MeOH. The structures of all new products were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR and HRMS (ESI). The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of these new compounds were tested. Among them, N-(2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3-thiazole-2-amine showed the best activity with an inhibition rate of 43.21%.
Yin, Long,Cheng, Feng-Chang,Li, Qu-Xiang,Liu, Wei-Wei,Liu, Xiu-Jian,Cao, Zhi-Ling,Shi, Da-Hua
p. 545 - 548
(2016/10/05)

PROCESSES FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED UREA COMPOUNDS
The present invention concerns a process for preparing a compound having the Formula A; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or derivative thereof, or for preparing a substituted urea compound of Formula IIa, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, (Formula IIa) the process comprising the reaction of an imidazolyl intermediate of Formula IIa', with a carbamoyl halide of the formula: R1R2NC(=O)Hal, wherein Hal represents Cl, F, I or Br, wherein the intermediate of Formula IIa' is prepared by oxidation of the derivative of R5 and R6, R6-C(=O)CH2R5 to form a glyoxal intermediate R6-C(=O)(C=O)R5, which is subjected to treatment with ammonium hydroxide and an aldehyde R8CHO to provide the intermediate of Formula IIa', and wherein the compound substituents are as defined herein.
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(2015/10/05)

Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of aminoarylthiazole derivatives as correctors of the chloride transport defect in cystic fibrosis
Abstract The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a chloride channel present in the membrane of epithelial cells. Mutations affecting the CFTR gene cause cystic fibrosis (CF), a multi-organ severe disease. The most common CF mutation, F508del, impairs the processing and activity (gating) of CFTR protein. Other mutations, like G551D, only cause a gating defect. Processing and gating defects can be targeted by small molecules called generically correctors and potentiators, respectively. Aminoarylthiazoles (AATs) represent an interesting class of compounds that includes molecules with dual activity, as correctors and potentiators. With the aim to improve the activity profile of AATs, we have now designed and synthesized a library of novel compounds in order to establish an initial SAR that may provide indications about the chemical groups that are beneficial or detrimental for rescue activity. The new compounds were tested as correctors and potentiators in CFBE41o-expressing F508del-CFTR using a functional assay. A dual active compound, AAT-4a, characterized by improved efficacy and marked synergy when combined with the corrector VX-809 has been identified. Moreover, by computational methods, a possible binding site for AATs in nucleotide binding domain NBD1 has been detected. These results will direct the synthesis of new analogues with possibly improved activity.
Pesce, Emanuela,Bellotti, Marta,Liessi, Nara,Guariento, Sara,Damonte, Gianluca,Cichero, Elena,Galatini, Andrea,Salis, Annalisa,Gianotti, Ambra,Pedemonte, Nicoletta,Zegarra-Moran, Olga,Fossa, Paola,Galietta, Luis J.V.,Millo, Enrico
supporting information
p. 14 - 35
(2015/06/08)

Expedient synthesis of novel glycosyl thiazole derivatives
An efficient protocol for the synthesis of novel glycosyl thiazole derivatives starting from the commercially available D-glucosamine hydrochloride was described by reaction of 1-(1,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranos-2-yl)thiourea 8 with each of substituted α-bromoacetophenone in ethanol. 1-(1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranos-2-yl)thiourea was an important intermediate, and its synthetic methods were discussed by comparing two different synthetic routes. Moreover, 2-isothiocyanate-1,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranose was obtained in a new and convenient way. Finally, a series of novel glycosyl incorporated with thiazole moiety was synthesized in good purities and overall yields.
Cheng, Feng-Chang,Yin, Long,Liu, Wei-Wei,Li, Qu-Xiang,Tang, Li-Juan,Shi, Da-Hua,Cao, Zhi-Ling
p. 2113 - 2125
(2015/12/12)

AgF/TFA-promoted highly efficient synthesis of α-haloketones from haloalkynes
A AgF/TFA-promoted highly efficient synthesis of a wide range of α-haloketones from haloalkynes is described. The reactions are conducted under convenient conditions and provide products in moderate to excellent yields, with broad substrate scope, including a variety of aromatic chloroalkynes and bromoalkynes.
Chen, Zheng-Wang,Ye, Dong-Nai,Ye, Min,Zhou, Zhong-Gao,Li, Shen-Huan,Liu, Liang-Xian
supporting information
p. 1373 - 1375
(2014/03/21)

Silica gel catalyzed α-bromination of ketones using N-bromosuccinimide: An easy and rapid method
An easy and rapid method for the α-bromination of ketones using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) catalyzed by silica gel in methanol under reflux conditions was developed. The expected products were formed in excellent isolated yields within a short period of time (5-20 min). Major advantages of the present procedure include use of inexpensive and readily available catalyst, exclusion of pre- and post-chemical treatment of catalyst and use of methanol as solvent instead of ethers and chlorinated solvents.
Mohan Reddy, Bodireddy,Venkata Ramana Kumar, Velpula,Chinna Gangi Reddy, Nallagondu,Mahender Rao, Siripragada
p. 179 - 182
(2014/02/14)

UREA COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USE AS ENZYME INHIBITORS
A compound having the following structure: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or derivative thereof. The compound may be used in the treatment or prevention of a disorder selected from appetite regulation, obesity, metabolic disorders, cachexia, anorexia, pain, inflammation, neurotoxicity, neurotrauma, stroke, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, Parkinson's disease, levodopa-induced dyskinesia, Huntington's disease, Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, dystonia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, insomnia, nausea, emesis, alcohol disorders, drug addictions such as opiates, nicotine, cocaine, alcohol and psychostimulants, hypertension, circulatory shock, myocardial reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, asthma, glaucoma, retinopathy, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, acute and chronic liver disease such as hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, arthritis and osteoporosis.
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Paragraph 14

(2014/02/16)

Rational design and synthesis of novel 2-(substituted-2H-chromen-3-yl)-5-aryl-1H-imidazole derivatives as an anti-angiogenesis and anti-cancer agent
Based on earlier proven pharmacophore analogues of cancer a novel 2-(substituted-2H-chromen-3-yl)-5-aryl-1H-imidazoles (13-16) were rationally designed and synthesized by the reaction of chromene-3-carboxylic acids (10a-d) with substituted acyl bromides in the presence of TEA followed by refluxing with NH4OAc in toluene. Compounds 13-16 were screened in vitro for the inhibition of KRAS/Wnt and their anti-angiogenesis properties. Compound 16f has been identified as a potent anti-angiogenesis molecule, which can be considered as a new lead structure. The molecular docking analysis displayed the higher binding affinity of 16f with KRAS, Wnt and VEGF.
Gudipudi, Gopinath,Sagurthi, Someswar R.,Perugu, Shyam,Achaiah,Krupadanam, G. L. David
p. 56489 - 56501
(2015/02/05)

Design and synthesis of novel carbazolo-thiazoles as potential anti-mycobacterial agents using a molecular hybridization approach
Various substituted carbazolo-thiazoles (compounds 6a-6o) were synthesized in good yields using a molecular hybridization approach. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anti-tubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (Bethesda, MD, USA). Among the tested series, compound 6c (minimum inhibitory concentration 21 μM) showed the most promising anti-mycobacterial activity. Brief structure-activity relationship studies showed that the electron-donating groups (OCH3 and OH), particularly on the phenyl ring of the thiazole motif, had a positive correlation with the anti-mycobacterial activity. In addition, they displayed low cytotoxicity against a mammalian Vero cell line using the MTT assay, thereby having a high therapeutic index. This study shows the importance of molecular hybridization and the scope for the development of carbazole-thiazole compounds as potential anti-mycobacterial agents.
Shaikh, Mahamadhanif S.,Palkar, Mahesh B.,Patel, Harun M.,Rane, Rajesh A.,Alwan, Wesam S.,Shaikh, Mahidansha M.,Shaikh, Iqbal M.,Hampannavar, Girish A.,Karpoormath, Rajshekhar
p. 62308 - 62320
(2015/02/19)

NEW BENZENE SULFONAMIDE THIAZOLE COMPOUNDS
The present invention relates to compound of general formula (1) wherein R1 represents C6-C10 aryl comprising one or two fused rings, wherein from 2 to 5 carbon atoms may be replaced with a heteroatom selected from O, S and NR6, and eventually substituted with from 5 to 11 substituants selected from R6, halo, CN, NO2, CF3, OCF3, COOR6, OCOR6, SO2NR6R7, CONR6R7, NR6R7, NR6COR7, (CH2)P- NR6R7, (CH2)P- OR6 and (CH2)PSR6, as well as, if appropriate, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or isomers, tautomers, solvates or isotopic variations thereof. The compounds are useful for the treatment of cancers.
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(2014/05/24)

Synthesis and biological evaluation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists
In this study, a series of fused-heterocyclic derivatives were systematically designed and synthesized using an efficient route, and evaluated in terms of GLP-1R agonist activity. We employed short synthetic steps and reactions that are tolerant of the presence of various functional groups and suitable for parallel operations to enable the rapid generation of libraries of diverse and structurally complex small molecules. Of the compounds synthesized, 3-(8-chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a] pyridin-2-yl)phenyl methanesulfonate (8e) was the most potent agonist with an EC50 of 7.89 μM, and thus is the compound with the greatest potential for application. These findings represent a valuable starting point for the design and discovery of small-molecule GLP-1R agonists that can be administered orally.
Zhang, Yu-Juan,Shen, Liu-Lan,Cheon, Hyae-Gyeong,Xu, Yong-Nan,Jeong, Jin-Hyun
p. 588 - 599
(2014/06/09)

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new aryl thiosemicarbazone as antichagasic candidates
The present work reports on the synthesis, biological assaying and docking studies of a series of 12 aryl thiosemicarbazones, which were planned to act over two main enzymes, cruzain and trypanothione reductase. These enzymes are used as targets of trypanocidal activity in Chagas disease control with a minimal mutagenic profile. Three p-nitroaromatic thiosemicarbazones showed high activity against Trypanosoma cruzi in in vitro assays (IC50 57 μM), and no mutagenic profile was observed in micronucleous tests. Although the in vitro inhibition test showed that 10-μM doses of eight compounds inhibited cruzain activity, no correlation was found between cruzain inhibition and trypanocidal activity.
Blau, Lorena,Menegon, Renato Farina,Trossini, Gustavo H. G.,Molino, Jo?o Vitor Dutra,Vital, Drielli Gomes,Cicarelli, Regina Maria Barretto,Passerini, Gabriela Duó,Bosquesi, Priscila Longhin,Chin, Chung Man
p. 142 - 151
(2013/10/01)

Magnetic-nanoparticle-supported 2,2′-bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl] imidazolium-substituted diethyl ether bis(tribromide): A convenient recyclable reagent for bromination
A new magnetic-nanoparticle-supported bromination reagent was synthesized by anchoring a 2,2′-bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]imidazolium-substituted diethyl ether bis(tribromide) onto the surface of γ-Fe2O 3 nanoparticles and subsequently treating this new ionic liquid with bromine. The nanoparticle reagent was obtained with good loading levels and has been successfully used for the efficient bromination of a wide range of alkenes, alkynes, ketones, and aromatic substrates. More importantly, the reagent could be easily recovered by an external magnet and reused six times without significant loss of activity. A new maghemite nanoparticle bromination reagent has been prepared. The nanoparticle reagent was obtained with good loading levels and has been successfully used for the efficient bromination of a wide range of alkenes, alkynes, ketones, and aromatic substrates. Copyright
Wu, Liqiang,Yin, Zhikui
p. 6156 - 6163
(2014/01/06)

Fragment-based drug discovery of 2-thiazolidinones as inhibitors of the histone reader BRD4 bromodomain
Recognizing acetyllysine of histone is a vital process of epigenetic regulation that is mediated by a protein module called bromodomain. To contribute novel scaffolds for developing into bromodomain inhibitors, we utilize a fragment-based drug discovery approach. By successively applying docking and X-ray crystallography, we were able to identify 9 fragment hits from diffracting more than 60 crystals. In the present work, we described four of them and carried out the integrated lead optimization for fragment 8, which bears a 2-thiazolidinone core. After several rounds of structure guided modifications, we assessed the druggability of 2-thiazolidinone by modulating in vitro pharmacokinetic studies and cellular activity assay. The results showed that two potent compounds of 2-thiazolidinones have good metabolic stability. Also, the cellular assay confirmed the activities of 2-thiazolidinones. Together, we hope the identified 2-thiazolidinone chemotype and other fragment hits described herein can stimulate researchers to develop more diversified bromodomain inhibitors.
Zhao, Lele,Cao, Danyan,Chen, Tiantian,Wang, Yingqing,Miao, Zehong,Xu, Yechun,Chen, Wuyan,Wang, Xin,Li, Yanlian,Du, Zhiyan,Xiong, Bing,Li, Jian,Xu, Chunyan,Zhang, Naixia,He, Jianhua,Shen, Jingkang
p. 3833 - 3851
(2013/07/11)

Synthesis of enantiopure fluorohydrins using alcohol dehydrogenases at high substrate concentrations
The use of purified and overexpressed alcohol dehydrogenases to synthesize enantiopure fluorinated alcohols is shown. When the bioreductions were performed with ADH-A from Rhodococcus ruber overexpressed in E. coli, no external cofactor was necessary to obtain the enantiopure (R)-derivatives. Employing Lactobacillus brevis ADH, it was possible to achieve the synthesis of enantiopure (S)-fluorohydrins at a 0.5 M substrate concentration. Furthermore, due to the activated character of these substrates, a huge excess of the hydrogen donor was not necessary.
Borzeicka, Wioleta,Lavandera, Ivan,Gotor, Vicente
p. 7312 - 7317
(2013/08/23)

One-pot preparation of arylethynyl sulfides and bis(arylethynyl) sulfides
An efficient preparation for arylethynyl sulfides 1 and bis(arylethynyl) sulfides 2 has been accomplished through a one-pot, three-step strategy that starts from arylethanonyl sulfides and bis(arylethanonyl) sulfides, respectively, without the use of various terminal arylacetylenes as substrates. When lithium hexamethyldisilazane (LHMDS), ClP(O)(OEt)2, and LHMDS were sequentially added to a tetrahydrofuran solution of different substrates [arylethanonyl sulfides or bis(arylethanonyl) sulfides], 1 or 2 were obtained in moderate to good yields. The reaction procedure involves the formation of an enol phosphate and a subsequent base-induced elimination. An efficient preparation of arylethynyl sulfides 1 and bis(arylethynyl) sulfides 2 has been accomplished by a one-pot, three-step strategy that starts from arylethanonyl sulfides and bis(arylethanonyl) sulfides, respectively, to give 1 and 2 in moderate to good yields. The reaction mechanism involves the formation of an enol phosphate that undergoes a subsequent base-induced elimination. Copyright
Su, Qiong,Zhao, Zi-Jian,Xu, Feng,Lou, Peng-Cai,Zhang, Kai,Xie, De-Xun,Shi, Lei,Cai, Qing-Yun,Peng, Zhi-Hong,An, De-Lie
supporting information
p. 1551 - 1557
(2013/04/23)

Regioselective α-bromination of aralkyl ketones using n-bromosuccinimide in the presence of montmorillonite K-10 clay: A simple and efficient method
A simple and more convenient method has been developed for regioselective α-bromination of various aralkyl ketones with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in the presence of Montmorillonite K-10 catalyst in methanol at 60-65 °C. The present procedure offers advantages of short reaction time, simple workup, good yields of products and reusability of the catalyst for four times without loss of activity. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications to view the free supplemental file.
Mohan, Reddy Bodireddy,Reddy, N. C. Gangi
p. 2603 - 2614
(2013/07/26)

Target-oriented synthesis: Miscellaneous synthetic routes to access 1,4-enediones through the coupling of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with multiform substrates
Target-oriented synthetic protocol was presented for the synthesis of 1,4-enediones. The approach can efficiently construct 1,4-enediones through different reaction pathways from multiform substrates α-halo aromatic ketones, 2-hydroxy-aromatic ketones and methyl carbinols. In this reaction, CuI was found to be the most efficient catalyst. Multiform substrates were also found to perform well to afford the products in a one-pot fashion.
Zhu, Yan-Ping,Cai, Qun,Gao, Qing-He,Jia, Feng-Cheng,Liu, Mei-Cai,Gao, Meng,Wu, An-Xin
supporting information
p. 6392 - 6398
(2013/07/25)

Oxidative bromination of ketones using ammonium bromide and oxone
A highly efficient, environmentally safe and economic method for selective α-monobromination of aralkyl, cyclic, acyclic, 1,3-diketones and β-keto esters and α,α-dibromination of 1,3-diketones and β-keto esters without catalyst is reported using ammonium bromide as a bromine source and oxone as an oxidant. The reaction proceeds at ambient temperature and yields range from moderate to excellent. Bromination of unsymmetrical ketones takes place at the less substituted α-position predominantly. Aromatisation of tetralones is also carried out with this reagent system.
MacHarla, Arun Kumar,Chozhiyath Nappunni, Rohitha,Marri, Mahender Reddy,Peraka, Swamy,Nama, Narender
supporting information; experimental part
p. 191 - 195
(2012/01/17)

Inhibitory effect of 4-aryl 2-substituted aniline-thiazole analogs on growth of human prostate cancer LNCap cells
Androgen receptor (AR) is ligand-inducible nuclear hormone receptor which has been focused on key molecular target in growth and progression of prostate cancer. We synthesized a series of 4-aryl 2-substituted aniline-thiazole analogs and evaluated their anti-cancer activity in AR-dependent human prostate cancer LNCap cells. Among them, the compound 6 inhibited the tumor growth in LNCap-inoculated xenograft model.
Baek, Seung-Hwa,Kim, Nakjeong,Kim, Seong Hwan,Park, Kwang Hwa,Jeong, Kyung-Chae,Park, Bae Keun,Kang, Nam Sook
scheme or table
p. 111 - 114
(2012/03/26)

A novel and efficient one pot synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted thiazoles and oxazoles using phenyltrimethylammoniumtribromide in ionic liquid
A novel and efficient one-pot procedure has been described for synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted thiazoles and oxazoles from substituted ketones using phenyltrimethylammoniumtribromide as in situ brominating agent followed by reaction with thioamide/thiourea and amides/ureas, respectively in [bmim][BF4] ionicliquid. The advantages of the procedure include avoiding the handling of lacrymetric compounds, hazardous and toxic organic solvents along with good to excellent yield of the products.
Muthyala, Manoj Kumar,Kumar, Anil
p. 959 - 964
(2012/10/29)

Azido carbonyl compounds as DNA cleaving agents
Irradiation of azido carbonyl compounds using UV light (≥310 nm) produced triplet alkyl nitrenes and aroyl radicals, which resulted in efficient cleavage of single strand DNA at pH 7.0. DNA cleaving ability of azido carbonyl compounds was found to be dependent on its concentration and substituents on its aromatic ring. Further, newly synthesized naphthalene based azido carbonyl compounds showed DNA cleavage ability at longer wavelength of UV light (≥350 nm) and also binding studies revealed that they bind to ct-DNA by weak intercalation mode.
Chowdhury, Nilanjana,Dutta, Sansa,Karthick,Anoop, Anakuthil,Dasgupta, Swagata,Pradeep Singh
p. 25 - 34
(2012/11/07)