- Concise and Efficient Synthesis of [6]-Paradol
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An efficient synthesis of [6]-paradol (1) has been performed in four steps with a 72.0% overall yield. The present method highlights commercially available materials, convenient isolation with multiple crystallization without involving column chromatography, and a high-purity product (more than 99.2%), and it is amenable to large-scale synthesis.
- Shi, Xiang,Xia, Tiantian,McKamey, Brooke E.,Wu, Xian,Sun, Yue,Zhou, Weifeng,Zhang, Guangyan
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Read Online
- Synthesis of enantiomerically pure lignin dimer models for catalytic selectivity studies
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A series of highly enantioselective transformations, such as the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation and Jacobsen hydrolytic kinetic resolution, were utilized to achieve the complete stereoselective synthesis of β-O-4 lignin dimer models containing the S, G, and H subunits with excellent ee (>99%) and moderate to high yields. This unprecedented synthetic method can be exploited for enzymatic, microbial, and chemical investigations into lignins degradation and depolymerization as related to its stereochemical constitution. Preliminary degradation studies using enantiopure Co(salen) catalysts are also reported.
- Njiojob, Costyl N.,Rhinehart, Jennifer L.,Bozell, Joseph J.,Long, Brian K.
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Read Online
- Identification and quantification of lignin monomers and oligomers from reductive catalytic fractionation of pine wood with GC × GC – FID/MS
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Thorough lignin characterization is vital to understand the physicochemical properties of lignin and to evaluate lignocellulose biorefinery processes. In this study, an in-depth characterization of lignin oil, obtained from reductive catalytic fractionati
- Dao Thi, Hang,Van Aelst, Korneel,Van den Bosch, Sander,Katahira, Rui,Beckham, Gregg T.,Sels, Bert F.,Van Geem, Kevin M.
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supporting information
p. 191 - 206
(2022/01/19)
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- Catalytic δ-hydroxyalkynone rearrangement in the stereoselective total synthesis of centrolobine, engelheptanoxides A and C and analogues
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A catalytic stereoselective total synthesis of centrolobine and engelheptanoxides A and C has been completed via a metal-free catalytic δ-hydroxyalkynone rearrangement to 2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one and diastereoselective hydrogenation to the all syn-2,4,6-trisubstituted pyran strategy. The onliest required chirality was introduced by Jacobsen kinetic resolution, which further directed the diastereoselective hydrogenation. A first stereoselective synthesis of engelheptanoxide A is also accomplished. The analogues and derivatives of centrolobine and engelheptanoxides prepared were evaluated for antitubercular activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 27294.
- Ahmad, Mohammad N.,Chopra, Sidharth,Fernandes, Rodney A.,Kumar, Praveen
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- An Expeditious Modular Hybrid Strategy for the Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Lamellarins/Azalamellarins with Anticancer Cytotoxicity
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A modular hybrid strategy has been developed for the diversity-oriented synthesis of lamellarins/azalamellarins. The common pentacyclic pyrrolodihydroisoquinoline lactone/lactam core was formed via the Michael addition/ring closure (Mi-RC) and the copper(I) thiophene-2-carboxylate (CuTC)-catalyzed C-O/C-N Ullmann coupling. Subsequent direct functionalization at C1, DDQ-mediated C5C6 oxidation, and global deprotection of all benzyl-type O- and N-protecting groups furnished the desired lamellarins/azalamellarins. The late-stage functionalization at C1 provided a handle to accommodate a wider scope of functional groups as they need to tolerate only the DDQ oxidation and global deprotection. Moreover, with the C1-H pyrrole as the late-stage common intermediate, it was also possible to divergently exploit not only its nucleophilic nature to react with some electrophilic species but also some transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions (via the intermediacy of the C1-iodopyrrole) to incorporate diversity at this position. Overall, this strategy simplifies the preparation of lamellarins/azalamellarins; including the Mi-RC, these C1-structurally diverse analogues could be prepared efficiently in 6-7 steps from the easily accessed 1-acetoxymethyldihydroisoquinoline and β-nitrocinnamate. Some selected azalamellarins were evaluated for their inhibitory effect against HeLa cervical cancer cells. An acute induction of intrinsic apoptosis was detected and may lead to growth suppression of or cytotoxicity against cancer cells.
- Klumthong, Kanawut,Chalermsub, Papornchanok,Sopha, Pattarawut,Ruchirawat, Somsak,Ploypradith, Poonsakdi
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p. 14883 - 14902
(2021/09/13)
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- Ferulic acid amide derivatives with varying inhibition of amyloid-β oligomerization and fibrillization
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized, in part, by the misfolding, oligomerization and fibrillization of amyloid-β (Aβ). Evidence suggests that the mechanisms underpinning Aβ oligomerization and subsequent fibrillization are distinct, and may therefore require equally distinct therapeutic approaches. Prior studies have suggested that amide derivatives of ferulic acid, a natural polyphenol, may combat multiple AD pathologies, though its impact on Aβ aggregation is controversial. We designed and synthesized a systematic library of amide derivatives of ferulic acid and evaluated their anti-oligomeric and anti-fibrillary capacities independently. Azetidine tethered, triphenyl derivatives were the most potent anti-oligomeric agents (compound 2i: IC50 = 1.8 μM ± 0.73 μM); notably these were only modest anti-fibrillary agents (20.57% inhibition of fibrillization), and exemplify the poor correlation between anti-oligomeric/fibrillary activities. These data were subsequently codified in an in silico QSAR model, which yielded a strong predictive model of anti-Aβ oligomeric activity (κ = 0.919 for test set; κ = 0.737 for validation set).
- Kolaj, Igri,Wang, Yanfei,Ye, Kailin,Meek, Autumn,Liyanage, S. Imindu,Santos, Clarissa,Weaver, Donald F.
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supporting information
(2021/07/07)
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- Chromium-Salen Complex/Nitroxyl Radical Cooperative Catalysis: A Combination for Aerobic Intramolecular Dearomative Coupling of Phenols
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We describe an aerobic intramolecular dearomative coupling reaction of tethered phenols using a catalytic system consisting of a chromium-salen (Cr-salen) complex combined with a nitroxyl radical. This novel catalytic system enables formation of various spirocyclic dienone products including those unable to be accessed by previously reported methods efficiently under mild reaction conditions.
- Nagasawa, Shota,Fujiki, Shogo,Sasano, Yusuke,Iwabuchi, Yoshiharu
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p. 6952 - 6968
(2021/05/29)
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- Synthesis and antitumor activity of novel pyridoxine-based structural analogs of saccharumoside-B
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A series of 11 new pyridoxine-based structural analogs of saccharumoside-B were obtained using original synthetic approach. Antitumor activity of these compounds against nine human tumor cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, A-498, SNB-19, M-14, NCI-H322M, HCT-115, HCT-116, and PC-3) was studied, and cytotoxic activity to three normal (HEK-293, Chang Liver, and MSC) cell lines was evaluated. Among the synthesized compounds, 12d, 12e, 13b, 13d, 13e, and 14 exhibited the highest antitumor activity, comparable to that of camptothecin and doxorubicin, but with significantly increased selectivity toward tumor cells. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
- Pugachev, Mikhail V.,Agafonova, Maria N.,Bastrikova, Oksana A.,Gnezdilov, Oleg I.,Nikishova, Tatyana V.,Balakin, Konstantin V.,Shtyrlin, Yurii G.
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p. 1139 - 1150
(2021/03/31)
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- Oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes with bromoisobutyrate and dimethyl sulfoxide
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We have developed an efficient oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes with ethyl bromoisobutyrate and dimethyl sulfoxide. Diaryl ketone can also be prepared under this reaction system.
- Wu, Fei-Yue,Chen, Xiao-Hui,Zhou, Hai-Mei,Li, Jia-Qin,Cui, Hai-Lei
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supporting information
(2021/09/29)
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- PhIO-Mediated oxidative dethioacetalization/dethioketalization under water-free conditions
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Treatment of thioacetals and thioketals with iodosobenzene in anhydrous DCM conveniently afforded the corresponding carbonyl compounds in high yields under water-free conditions. The mechanistic studies indicate that this dethioacetalization/dethioketalization process does not need water and the oxygen of the carbonyl products comes from the hypervalent iodine reagent.
- Du, Yunfei,Ouyang, Yaxin,Wang, Xi,Wang, Xiaofan,Yu, Zhenyang,Zhao, Bingyue,Zhao, Kang
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- Paradol synthesis method
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The invention discloses a complete synthesis method of a natural product paradol, the route being represented as the specification. The method employs feasible raw materials and simple operation, is high in yield and low in cost, is high in final product purity, is controllable in quality, and is suitable for industrial production.
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Paragraph 0034; 0040
(2020/04/17)
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- POLYCYCLIC AMIDES AS CYTOTOXIC AGENTS
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The invention relates to a compound of formula (I): or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, tautomers, stereoisomers or mixtures thereof; wherein the fused ring moiety is a non-alkylating moiety; and wherein the compounds are useful as medicaments, in particular for use as a drug in an antibody-drug conjugate and in the treatment of a proliferative disease, a bacterial infection, a malarial infection and inflammation.
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(2020/03/29)
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- Process for preparing flavonoid derivatives and the intermediate thereof
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The present invention provides: a method for manufacturing a flavonoid derivative using a reaction for synthesizing a chalcone derivative by a protection/deprotection reaction of a hydroxyl group and an aldol condensation reaction; and an intermediate thereof. By the method for manufacturing the flavonoid derivative of the present invention can manufacture the flavonoid derivative such as velutin and homoeriodictyol, the present invention can be usefully used in industrial fields such as cosmetics requiring mass production of flavonoid derivatives.
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Paragraph 0087; 0096-0098
(2020/10/03)
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- Phototriggered labeling and crosslinking by 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol derivatives with amine selectivity
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Here we report the use of 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol (NB) as a photoreactive group with amine selectivity and explore its applications for photoaffinity labeling and crosslinking of biomolecules. This work confirms that NB is an efficient photoreactive group a
- Wang, Chenxi,Liu, Yuan,Bao, Chunyan,Xue, Yuan,Zhou, Yaowu,Zhang, Dasheng,Lin, Qiuning,Zhu, Linyong
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supporting information
p. 2264 - 2267
(2020/03/04)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel C8-pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) adenosine conjugate. A study on the role of the PBD ring in the biological activity of PBD-conjugates
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Here we sought to evaluate the contribution of the PBD unit to the biological activity of PBD-conjugates and, to this end, an adenosine nucleoside was attached to the PBD A-ring C8 position. A convergent approach was successfully adopted for the synthesis of a novel C8-linked pyrrolo(2,1-c)(1,4)benzodiazepine(PBD)-adenosine(ADN) hybrid. The PBD and adenosine (ADN) moieties were synthesized separately and then linked through a pentynyl linker. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a PBD connected to a nucleoside. Surprisingly, the compound showed no cytotoxicity against murine cells and was inactive against Mycobacterium aurum and M. bovis strains and did not bind to guanine-containing DNA sequences, as shown by DNase I footprinting experiments. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the PBD-ADN conjugate was poorly accommodated in the DNA minor groove of two DNA sequences containing the AGA-PBD binding motif, with the adenosine moiety of the ligand preventing the covalent binding of the PBD unit to the guanine amino group of the DNA duplex. These interesting findings shed further light on the ability of the substituents attached at the C8 position of PBDs to affect and modulate the biological and biophysical properties of PBD hybrids.
- Bhakta, Sanjib,Brucoli, Federico,Ferguson, Lindsay,Fox, Keith R.,Wells, Geoff
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supporting information
(2020/03/19)
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- Targeting receptor tyrosine kinase VEGFR-2 in hepatocellular cancer: Rational design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles
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In this study, a novel series of 1,2-disubstituted benzo[d]imidazoles was rationally designed as VEGFR-2 inhibitors targeting hepatocellular carcinoma. Our design strategy is twofold; it aimed first at studying the effect of replacing the 5-methylfuryl moiety of the well-known antiangiogenic 2-furylbenzimidazoles with an isopropyl moiety on the VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity and the cytotoxic activity. Our second objective was to further optimize the structures of the benzimidazole derivatives through elongation of the side chains at their one-position for the design of more potent type II-like VEGFR-2 inhibitors. The designed 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles demonstrated potent cytotoxic activity against the HepG2 cell line, reaching IC50 = 1.98 μM in comparison to sorafenib (IC50 = 10.99 μM). In addition, the synthesized compounds revealed promising VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity in the HepG2 cell line, e.g., compounds 17a and 6 showed 82% and 80% inhibition, respectively, in comparison to sorafenib (% inhibition = 92%). Studying the effect of 17a on the HepG2 cell cycle demonstrated that 17a arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase and induced a dose-dependent apoptotic effect. Molecular docking studies of the synthesized 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles in the VEGFR-2 active site displayed their ability to accomplish the essential hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions for optimum inhibitory activity.
- Abdel-Mohsen, Heba T.,Abdullaziz, Mona A.,Ali, Mamdouh M.,El Diwani, Hoda I.,El Kerdawy, Ahmed M.,Flanagan, Keith J.,Mahmoud, Abeer E. E.,Ragab, Fatma A. F.,Senge, Mathias O.
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- Potent human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitory activity of new quinoline-4-carboxylic acids derived from phenolic aldehydes: Synthesis, cytotoxicity, lipophilicity and molecular docking studies
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A series of novel 2-substituted quinoline-4-carboxylic acids was synthesized by Doebner reaction starting from freely available protocatechuic aldehyde and vanillin precursors. Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH) was recognised as a clear molecular target for these heterocycles. All compounds were also tested for their antiproliferative potential against three cancer cells (MCF-7, A549, A375) and one normal cell line (HaCaT) to evaluate the selective cytotoxicity. Quinoline derivatives 3f and 3g were identified as potent hDHODH inhibitors while 3k and 3l demonstrated high cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and A375 cells and good selectivity. In addition, the logD7.4 values obtained by the experimental method were found to be in the range from ?1.15 to 1.69. The chemical structures of all compounds were confirmed by IR, NMR and elemental analysis. The compounds pharmacology on the molecular level was revealed by means of molecular docking, highlighting the structural differences that distinguish highly active from medium and low active hDHODH inhibitors.
- Petrovi?, Milena M.,Roschger, Cornelia,Chaudary, Sidrah,Zierer, Andreas,Mladenovi?, Milan,Jakovljevi?, Katarina,Markovi?, Violeta,Botta, Bruno,Joksovi?, Milan D.
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- Synthesis of cinnamic amide derivatives and their anti-melanogenic effect in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells
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Of the three enzymes that regulate the biosynthesis of melanin, tyrosinase and its related proteins TYRP-1 and TYRP-2, tyrosinase is the most important because of its ability to limit the rate of melanin production in melanocytes. For treating skin pigmentation disorders caused by an excess of melanin, the inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme is by far the most established strategy. Cinnamic acid is a safe natural product with an (E)-β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl motif that we have previously shown to play an important role in high tyrosinase inhibition. Since cinnamic acid is relatively hydrophilic, which hinders its absorption on the skin, fifteen less hydrophilic cinnamic amide derivatives (1–15) were designed as safe and more potent tyrosinase inhibitors and were synthesized through a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction. The use of conc-HCl and acetic acid for debenzylation of the O-benzyl-protected cinnamic amides 40–54 produced the following three results. 1) Cinnamic amides 43, 48, and 53 with a 2,4-dibenzyloxyphenyl group, irrespective of the amine type of the amides, produced complex compounds with high polarity. 2) Cinnamic amides 40–42, 44, 50–52, and 54 with a benzylamino, or diethylamino group produced the desired debenzylated cinnamic amides 1–3, 5, 10–13, and 15. 3) Cinnamic amides 45–47, and 49 with an anilino moiety provided 3,4-dihydroquinolinones 16–19 through intramolecular Michael addition of the anilide group. Notably, the use of BBr3 as an alternative debenzylating agent for debenzylation of cinnamic amides 45–49 with the anilino moiety provided our desired cinnamic amides 6–10 without inducing the intramolecular Michael addition. Debenzylation of cinnamic amides 43, 48, and 53 with a 2,4-dibenzyloxyphenyl group was also successfully accomplished using BBr3 to give 4, 9, and 14. Among the nine compounds that inhibited mushroom tyrosinase more potently at 25 μM than kojic acid, four cinnamic amides 4, 5, 9, and 14 showed 3-fold greater tyrosinase inhibitory activity than kojic acid. The docking simulation using tyrosinase indicated that these four cinnamic amides (?6.2 to ?7.9 kcal/mol) bind to the active site of tyrosinase with stronger binding affinity than kojic acid (?5.7 kcal/mol). All four cinnamic amides inhibited melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity more potently than kojic acid in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. The strong correlation between tyrosinase activity and melanin content suggests that the anti-melanogenic effect of cinnamic amides is due to tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Considering that the cinnamic amides 4, 9, and 14, which exhibited strong inhibition on mushroom tyrosinase and potent anti-melanogenic effect in B16F10 cells, commonly have a 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl substituent, the 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl substituent appears to be essential for high anti-melanogenesis. These results support the potential of these four cinnamic amides as novel and potent tyrosinase inhibitors for use as therapeutic agents with safe skin-lightening efficiency.
- Ullah, Sultan,Kang, Dongwan,Lee, Sanggwon,Ikram, Muhammad,Park, Chaeun,Park, Yujin,Yoon, Sik,Chun, Pusoon,Moon, Hyung Ryong
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- Tyrosinase inhibition and anti-melanin generation effect of cinnamamide analogues
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Abnormal melanogenesis results in excessive production of melanin, leading to pigmentation disorders. As a key and rate-limiting enzyme for melanogenesis, tyrosinase has been considered an important target for developing therapeutic agents of pigment disorders. Despite having an (E)-β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold, which plays an important role in the potent inhibition of tyrosinase activity, cinnamic acids have not attracted attention as potential tyrosinase inhibitors, due to their low tyrosinase inhibitory activity and relatively high hydrophilicity. Given that cinnamic acids’ structure intrinsically features this (E)-scaffold and following our experience that minute changes in the chemical structure can powerfully affect tyrosinase activity, twenty less hydrophilic cinnamamide derivatives were designed as potential tyrosinase inhibitors and synthesised using a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction. Four of these cinnmamides (4, 9, 14, and 19) exhibited much stronger mushroom tyrosinase inhibition (over 90% inhibition) at 25 μM compared to kojic acid (20.57% inhibition); crucially, all four have a 2,4-dihydroxy group on the β-phenyl ring of the scaffold. A docking simulation using tyrosinase indicated that the four cinnamamides exceeded the binding affinity of kojic acid, and bound more strongly to the active site of tyrosinase. Based on the strength of their tyrosinase inhibition, these four cinnamamides were further evaluated in B16F10 melanoma cells. All four cinnamamides, without cytotoxicity, exhibited higher tyrosinase inhibitory activity (67.33 – 79.67% inhibition) at 25 μM than kojic acid (38.11% inhibition), with the following increasing inhibitory order: morpholino (9) = cyclopentylamino (14) cyclohexylamino (19) N-methylpiperazino (4) cinnamamides. Analysis of tyrosinase activity and melanin content in B16F10 cells showed that the four cinnamamides dose-dependently inhibited both cellular tyrosinase activity and melanin content and that their inhibitory activity at 25 μM was much better than that of kojic acid. The results of melanin content analysis well matched those of the cellular tyrosinase activity analysis, indicating that tyrosinase inhibition by the four cinnamamides is a major factor in the reduction of melanin production. These results imply that these four cinnamamides with a 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl group can act as excellent anti-melanogenic agents in the treatment of pigmentation disorders.
- Ullah, Sultan,Park, Chaeun,Ikram, Muhammad,Kang, Dongwan,Lee, Sanggwon,Yang, Jungho,Park, Yujin,Yoon, Sik,Chun, Pusoon,Moon, Hyung Ryong
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- Versatile and Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Naturally Active Gnetulin
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A versatile and efficient enantioselective total synthesis of natural isorhapontigenin dimers (?)-gnetulin, (+)-gnetulin, and (±)-gentulin was proposed. By using this method, we were able to synthesize the dimers from commercial available achiral materials in 13 steps, and achieve a 7%–9% overall yield with >98% enantiomeric excess. The key features of the method include the stereocontrolled enantioselective conjugate reduction of 3-arylindenone catalyzed by methyloxazaborolidine (Me-CBS) and the α-arylation of 3-aryl-1-indanones. Benzylic sulfide was accessed in excellent yield through the InCl3-catalyzed thio-etherification reaction between 2,3-diarylindanol and bezylic thiol. The method is practical and might thus be useful in the enantioselective synthesis of the optical antipodes of natural indane derivatives with or without methoxy groups at aromatic rings. (Figure presented.).
- Shang, Changhui,Kang, Yulong,Yang, Qingyun,Zhu, Qibin,Yao, Chunsuo
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p. 3768 - 3776
(2019/07/12)
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- CYTOTOXIC AGENTS
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The invention relates to a compound of formula (I) or formula (II) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, tautomers, stereoisomers or mixtures thereof; which are useful as medicaments, in particular as anti-proliferative agents and for use as a d
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(2019/03/17)
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- Preparation method, raw material, product and application of photo-crosslinking hydrogel material
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The invention provides a preparation method, a raw material, a product and an application of a photo-crosslinking hydrogel material. The preparation method comprises the steps of dissolving a component A, namely a photosensitive high polymer derivative, i
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Paragraph 0668; 0669; 0670
(2019/06/07)
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- Photoresponsive multifunctional chemical crosslinking agent and preparation method and application thereof
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The invention discloses a photoresponsive multifunctional chemical crosslinking agent. The structure of the crosslinking agent is shown in a formula I, wherein the definition of each substituent groupin the formula I is shown in the description. The prepa
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Paragraph 0120-0122
(2019/07/04)
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- PHENYL [A]INDOLE[2,3-G]QUINOLIZINE COMPOUNDS, PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION, AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF
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The present invention relates to phenyl [a]indole[2,3-g]quinolizine compounds represented by formula (I), a preparation method therefor, a pharmaceutical composition, and applications thereof. Specific applications are applications in the preparation of d
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Paragraph 0099; 0100
(2019/02/13)
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- Full-synthetic method of racemic tetrandrine
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The invention discloses a full-synthetic method of racemic tetrandrine, and belongs to the technical field of drug synthesis. The full-synthetic method of the racemic tetrandrine comprises the steps that a synthetic route adopts a convergence synthesis method, a 5-bromovanillin, namely a compound 1 and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylacetic acid, namely a compound 5 are taken as starting materials to obtain a compound 4 and a compound 6 respectively, then the compound 4 and the compound 6 are taken as raw materials to synthesize a compound 11, a compound 19 is synthesized from the compound 11, and finally, the compound 11 reacts with the compound 19. The full-synthetic method of the racemic tetrandrine has the advantages that the synthetic efficiency is higher, the yield is higher, and the cost is lower; the reaction conditions are milder, the operation is simple and convenient, the industrial value is higher, and a reference is provided for the full-synthetic method of optical voidness tetrandrine.
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Paragraph 0059; 0078
(2019/07/10)
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- Design, synthesis, and activity evaluation of novel N-benzyl deoxynojirimycin derivatives for use as α-glucosidase inhibitors
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To obtain α-glucosidase inhibitors with high activity, 19 NB-DNJDs (N-benzyldeoxynojirimycin derivatives) were designed and synthesized. The results indicated that the 19 NBDNJDs displayed different inhibitory activities towards α-glucosidase in vitro. Compound 18a (1- (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl) piperidine-3,4,5-triol) showed the highest activity, with an IC50 value of 0.207 ± 0.11 mM, followed by 18b (1-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5- methoxybenzyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl) piperidine-3,4,5-triol, IC50: 0.276 ± 0.13 mM). Both IC50 values of 18a and 18b were significantly lower than that of acarbose (IC50: 0.353 ± 0.09 mM). According to the structure-activity analysis, substitution of the benzyl and bromine groups on the benzene ring decreased the inhibition activity, while methoxy and hydroxyl group substitution increased the activity, especially with the hydroxyl group substitution. Molecular docking results showed that three hydrogen bonds were formed between compound 18a and amino acids in the active site of α- glucosidase. Additionally, an arene-arene interaction was also modelled between the phenyl ring of compound 18a and Arg 315. The three hydrogen bonds and the arene-arene interaction resulted in a low binding energy (-5.8 kcal/mol) and gave 18a a higher inhibition activity. Consequently, compound 18a is a promising candidate as a new α-glucosidase inhibitor for the treatment of type II diabetes.
- Zeng, Fanxin,Yin, Zhongping,Chen, Jiguang,Nie, Xuliang,Lin, Ping,Lu, Tao,Wang, Meng,Peng, Dayong
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- Method For Producing Low Molecular Weight Aromatic Lignin-Derived Compounds
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The present invention relates to a method for producing one or more low molecular weight aromatic lignin-derived compounds. The method preferably comprises providing lignocellulosic material, subjecting the lignocellulosic material to a pulping process, separating pulp to provide a substantially pulp-free process stream comprising a modified lignin-derived component, isolating the modified lignin-derived component, subjecting the isolated modified lignin-derived component to a decomposition step comprising oxidative cracking (cracking and oxidizing) or reducing under the influence of a catalyst or electro-oxidation, and subjecting the resulting products to an isolation step, to provide a low molecular weight aromatic lignin-derived compound. Said compound may be further modified, e.g. by annulation. The inventive method preferably comprises further oxidizing said compound to a redox active compound. Additionally, the present invention relates to compounds obtainable by the inventive method and to an assembly for carrying out the inventive method. Furthermore, the present invention refers to a method for providing an existing pulp and/or paper manufacturing plant with said assembly.
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Paragraph 0308-0310
(2019/04/08)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of tryptophan-derived rhodanine derivatives as PTP1B inhibitors and anti-bacterial agents
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Several series of novel tryptophan-derived rhodanine derivatives were synthesized and identified as potential competitive PTP1B inhibitors and antibacterial agents. Among the compounds studied, 10b was found to have the best in vitro inhibition activity against PTP1B (IC50 = 0.36 ± 0.02 μM). In addition, the compounds also showed potent inhibition against other PTPs, especially CDC25B. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that compounds 7c and 10b could occupy both the catalytic site and the adjacent pTyr binding site simultaneously. The compounds also showed higher levels of activity against gram-positive strains, the gram-negative strain Escherichia coli 1924, and multidrug-resistant gram-positive bacterial strains. Compounds 7c, 8c, 9e, 10a, and 10c had comparable or more potent antibacterial activity than the positive controls.
- Liu, Hongyan,Sun, Danwen,Du, Hang,Zheng, Changji,Li, Jingya,Piao, Huri,Li, Jia,Sun, Liangpeng
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p. 163 - 173
(2019/04/13)
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- 3-methyl pyridino-[1,2-a] pyrimidone derivative containing 1-((4-benzyl-substituted)oxygroup) and application
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The invention discloses a 3-methyl pyridino-[1,2-a] pyrimidone derivative containing 1-((4-benzyl-substituted)oxygroup) and application. The general formula of the derivative is shown in the description, wherein R1 is a methoxyl group or an oxyethyl group or halogen; R2 is hydroxyl or isobutyl or ethyl or propyl or chloroethyl or 2-methoxyl group benzyl or 2-methoxyl group benzy or 2-fluorine benzyl or 2-cyanogroup benzyl chloride or 4-cyanogroup benzyl2-methyl benzyl chloride or 3-methyl benzyl chloride or 4-methyl benzyl chloride. According to the derivative, the rice bacterial leaf blight and citrus canker can be prevented and treated. The general formula is shown in the description.
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Paragraph 0114; 0116
(2019/04/30)
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- AMINATED LIGNIN-DERIVED COMPOUNDS AND USES THEREOF
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The present invention relates to novel lignin-derived compounds and compositions comprising the same and their use as redox flow battery electrolytes. The invention further provides a method for preparing said compounds and compositions as well as a redox flow battery comprising said compounds and compositions. Additionally, an assembly for carrying out the inventive method is provided.
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Page/Page column 140
(2019/09/04)
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- First Discovery of Novel Pyrido[1,2- a]pyrimidinone Mesoionic Compounds as Antibacterial Agents
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Plant bacterial diseases cause tremendous decreases in crop yield and quality, and there is a lack of highly effective and low-risk antibacterial agents. A series of novel pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinone mesoionic compounds containing vanillin moieties were synthesized, and the application of these mesoionic compounds as plant antibacterial agents was reported here for the first time. The bioassay results revealed that the mesoionic compounds had good antibacterial activity. Of these compounds, compound 11 showed excellent in vitro activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, with an EC50 value of 1.1 μg/mL, which was substantially better than that of bismerthiazol (92.7 μg/mL) and thiodiazole copper (105.4 μg/mL). Moreover, greenhouse condition trials indicated that the protective and curative activities of compound 11 against rice bacterial leaf blight were 75.12 and 72.04%, respectively, which were better than those of bismerthiazol (62.24 and 50.83%, respectively) and thiodiazole copper (53.35 and 65.04%, respectively). These results provide a basis for the application of mesoionic vanillin moieties as new antibacterial agents.
- Liu, Dengyue,Zhang, Jian,Zhao, Lei,He, Wengjing,Liu, Zhengjun,Gan, Xiuhai,Song, Baoan
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- Stepwise degradation of hydroxyl compounds to aldehydes: Via successive C-C bond cleavage
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Stepwise degradation of hydroxyl compounds to aldehydes via successive cleavage of C-C bonds was achieved by using a bimetallic catalytic system (PdCl2 + CuCl) without any ligands and additives. The broad applicability is expanded to a diverse range of aromatic, aliphatic, primary and secondary alcohols, as well as lignin model compounds.
- Liu, Mingyang,Zhang, Zhanrong,Shen, Xiaojun,Liu, Huizhen,Zhang, Pei,Chen, Bingfeng,Han, Buxing
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p. 925 - 928
(2019/01/24)
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- Cyclopentadienyl Ruthenium(II) Complex-Mediated Oxidation of Benzylic and Allylic Alcohols to Corresponding Aldehydes
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This work reports an efficient method for the oxidation reaction of aliphatic, aromatic allylic, and benzylic alcohols into aldehydes catalyzed by the cyclopentadienyl ruthenium(II) complex (RuCpCl(PPh3)2) with bubbled O2. Through further optimizing controlled studies, the tendency order of oxidation reactivity was determined as follows: benzylic alcohols > aromatic allylic alcohols >> aliphatic alcohols. In addition, this method has several advantages, including a small amount of catalyst (0.5 mol%) and selective application of high discrimination activity of aliphatic, aromatic allylic, and benzylic alcohols.
- Chern, Ching-Yuh,Tseng, Ching-Chun,Hsiao, Rong-Hong,Wong, Fung Fuh,Kuo, Yueh-Hsiung
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- Reversible Control of Protein Localization in Living Cells Using a Photocaged-Photocleavable Chemical Dimerizer
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Many dynamic biological processes are regulated by protein-protein interactions and protein localization. Experimental techniques to probe such processes with temporal and spatial precision include photoactivatable proteins and chemically induced dimerization (CID) of proteins. CID has been used to study several cellular events, especially cell signaling networks, which are often reversible. However, chemical dimerizers that can be both rapidly activated and deactivated with high spatiotemporal resolution are currently limited. Herein, we present a novel chemical inducer of protein dimerization that can be rapidly turned on and off using single pulses of light at two orthogonal wavelengths. We demonstrate the utility of this molecule by controlling peroxisome transport and mitotic checkpoint signaling in living cells. Our system highlights and enhances the spatiotemporal control offered by CID. This tool addresses biological questions on subcellular levels by controlling protein-protein interactions.
- Aonbangkhen, Chanat,Zhang, Huaiying,Wu, Daniel Z.,Lampson, Michael A.,Chenoweth, David M.
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supporting information
p. 11926 - 11930
(2018/09/25)
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- Design, synthesis and anti-melanogenic effect of cinnamamide derivatives
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Pigmentation disorders are attributed to excessive melanin which can be produced by tyrosinase. Therefore, tyrosinase is supposed to be a vital target for the treatment of disorders associated with overpigmentation. Based on our previous findings that an (E)-β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold can play a key role in the inhibition of tyrosinase activity, and the fact that cinnamic acid is a safe natural substance with a scaffolded structure, it was speculated that appropriate cinnamic acid derivatives may exhibit potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Thus, ten cinnamamides were designed, and synthesized by using a Horner-Emmons olefination as the key step. Cinnamamides 4 (93.72% inhibition), 9 (78.97% inhibition), and 10 (59.09% inhibition) with either a 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl, or 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl substituent showed much higher mushroom tyrosinase inhibition at 25 μM than kojic acid (18.81% inhibition), used as a positive control. Especially, the two cinnamamides 4 and 9 having a 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl group showed the strongest inhibition. Docking simulation with tyrosinase revealed that these three cinnamamides, 4, 9, and 10, bind to the active site of tyrosinase more strongly than kojic acid. Cell-based experiments carried out using B16F10 murine skin melanoma cells demonstrated that all three cinnamamides effectively inhibited cellular tyrosinase activity and melanin production in the cells without cytotoxicity. There was a close correlation between cellular tyrosinase activity and melanin content, indicating that the inhibitory effect of the three cinnamamides on melanin production is mainly attributed to their capability for cellular tyrosinase inhibition. These results imply that cinnamamides having the (E)-β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffolds are promising candidates for skin-lighting agents.
- Ullah, Sultan,Park, Yujin,Ikram, Muhammad,Lee, Sanggwon,Park, Chaeun,Kang, Dongwan,Yang, Jungho,Akter, Jinia,Yoon, Sik,Chun, Pusoon,Moon, Hyung Ryong
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p. 5672 - 5681
(2018/10/24)
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- Novel dihydrochalcone glycoside compound, preparation method and application thereof
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Belonging to the field of food additives, the invention discloses a novel dihydrochalcone glycoside compound, a preparation method and application thereof. The dihydrochalcone glycoside adopts naringin as the initial raw material, and alkali solution hydr
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Paragraph 0046; 0047; 0049; 0053
(2019/01/08)
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- Nitration Using Fuming HNO3 in Sulfolane: Synthesis of 6-Nitrovanillin in Flow Mode
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We report herein an improved synthesis of 6-nitrovanillin, an important building block used in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. The key step in this sequence is the nitration of O-Bn vanillin, which was carried out using fuming HNO3. Sulfolan
- Rakshit, Souvik,Lakshminarasimhan, Thirumalai,Guturi, Sivakrishna,Kanagavel, Kishorekumar,Kanusu, Umamaheswara Rao,Niyogi, Ankita G.,Sidar, Somprabha,Luzung, Michael R.,Schmidt, Michael A.,Zheng, Bin,Eastgate, Martin D.,Vaidyanathan, Rajappa
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p. 391 - 398
(2018/03/22)
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- Scale-up Synthesis of Tesirine
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This work describes the enabling synthesis of tesirine, a pyrrolobenzodiazepine antibody-drug conjugate drug-linker. Over the course of four synthetic campaigns, the discovery route was developed and scaled up to provide a robust manufacturing process. Early intermediates were produced on a kilogram scale and at high purity, without chromatography. Midstage reactions were optimized to minimize impurity formation. Late stage material was produced and purified using a small number of key high-pressure chromatography steps, ultimately resulting in a 169 g batch after 34 steps. At the time of writing, tesirine is the drug-linker component of eight antibody-drug conjugates in multiple clinical trials, four of them pivotal.
- Tiberghien, Arnaud C.,Von Bulow, Christina,Barry, Conor,Ge, Huajun,Noti, Christian,Collet Leiris, Florence,McCormick, Marc,Howard, Philip W.,Parker, Jeremy S.
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p. 1241 - 1256
(2018/09/06)
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- Synthetic method for dihydrostilbenes and anti-inflammatory compounds containing thereof
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The present invention aims to provide an effective anti-inflammatory agent without side effects. The present inventors have invented a method for efficiently synthesizing dihydrostilbene and derivatives (compounds 1 to 5) from starting materials at a high yield. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated in LPS-induced RAW-264.7 macrophages. The compounds of dihydrostilbene do not exhibit cytotoxicity and are shown to weakly or well inhibit nitric oxide production induced by LPS at the concentration of 10 andmu;M.COPYRIGHT KIPO 2018
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Paragraph 0104; 0111-0116
(2018/05/03)
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- Rapid and reversible hydrazone bioconjugation in cells without the use of extraneous catalysts
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The amenability of hydrazone linkages to disassemble via either hydrolysis in mildly acidic aqueous solutions or transimination upon treatment with amine nucleophiles renders them extremely attractive for applications in chemical biology, drug delivery and materials science. Unfortunately, however, the use of hydrazones is hampered by the extremely slow intrinsic rates of their formation from their hydrazine and carbonyl precursors. Consequently, hydrazone formation is typically performed in the presence of a large excess of cytotoxic aniline-based nucleophilic catalysts, rendering hydrazones unsuitable for biological applications that entail their formation in cells. Herein, we report a hydrazine scaffold - o-amino benzyl hydrazine - that rapidly forms hydrazones via intramolecular nucleophilic catalysis, thereby obviating the use of extraneous catalysts. We demonstrate the use of this scaffold for rapid and reversible peptide and protein hydrazone bioconjugation and also for reversible fluorescent labeling of sialylated glycoproteins and choline lipids in mammalian cells.
- Nisal, Rahul,Jose, Gregor,Shanbhag, Chitra,Kalia, Jeet
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supporting information
p. 4304 - 4310
(2018/06/22)
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- Naamines and naamidines as novel agents against a plant virus and phytopathogenic fungi
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Naamines, naamidines and various derivatives of these marine natural products were synthesized and characterized by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The activities of these alkaloids against a plant virus and phytopathogenic fungi were evaluated for the first time. A benzyloxy naamine derivative 15d displayed excellent in vivo activity against tobacco mosaic virus at 500 μg/mL (inactivation activity, 46%; curative activity, 49%; and protective activity, 41%); its activities were higher than the corresponding activities of the commercial plant virucide ribavirin (32%, 35%, and 34%, respectively), making it a promising new lead compound for antiviral research. In vitro assays revealed that the test compounds exhibited very good antifungal activity against 14 kinds of phytopathogenic fungi. Again, the benzyloxy naamine derivative 15d exhibited broad-spectrum fungicidal activity, emerging as a new lead compound for fungicidal research. Additional in vivo assays indicated that many of the compounds displayed inhibitory effects >30%.
- Guo, Pengbin,Li, Gang,Liu, Yuxiu,Lu, Aidang,Wang, Ziwen,Wang, Qingmin
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- Method for covalently immobilizing bioactive factor by material surface/interface photo-produced aldehyde/ketone group
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The invention relates to a method for immobilizing a bioactive factor by a material surface/interface photo-produced aldehyde/ketone group in a controllable mode. The method is characterized in that ato-be-immobilized bioactive factor does not need extra
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Paragraph 0082; 0085; 0086
(2018/11/22)
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- Linear diarylheptanoids as potential anticancer therapeutics: synthesis, biological evaluation, and structure–activity relationship studies
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In efforts to develop effective anticancer therapeutics with greater selectivity toward cancerous cell and reduced side-effects, such as emetic effects due to detrimental action of the drug toward the intestinal flora, a series of linear diarylheptanoids (LDHs) were designed and synthesized in 7 steps with good-to-moderate yields. All synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial, antiproliferative, and topoisomerase-I and -IIα inhibitory activity. Overall, all compounds showed little to no activity against the bacterial strains tested. Most of the synthesized compounds showed good antiproliferative activity against human breast cancer cell lines (T47D); specifically, the IC50 values of compounds 6a, 6d, 7j, and 7e were 0.09, 0.64, 0.67, and 0.99 μM, respectively. Among the tested compounds, 7b inhibited topo-I by 9.3% (camptothecin 68.8%), 7e and 7h inhibited topo-IIα by 38.4 and 47.4% (etoposide 76.9%), respectively, at the concentration of 100 μM. These results suggest that a set of promising anticancer agents can be obtained by reducing inhibitory actions on different microbes to provide enhanced selectivity against cancerous cells.
- Motiur Rahman,Lu, Yang,Lee, Hwa-Jong,Jo, Hyunji,Yin, Wencui,Alam, Mohammad Sayed,Cha, Hyochang,Kadi, Adnan A.,Kwon, Youngjoo,Jahng, Yurngdong
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- Synthesis of CoFeO mixed oxides via an alginate gelation process as efficient heterogeneous catalysts for lignin depolymerization in water
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A catalytic oxidative fragmentation of a lignin dimer and polymer extracted from wheat straw was successfully performed under eco-friendly conditions: 10% O2/N2 as the oxidizing agent, water as the solvent (pH ≈ 7), and Co3O4, Fe2O3 and CoFeO mixed oxides as heterogeneous catalysts and at temperatures of T = 150 °C and 200 °C. These catalysts unexpectedly showed tunable selectivity that directly depends on the composition of the selected bimetallic nanoparticles. High selectivity for benzoic acid and alkylbenzene (above 50%) was observed over Co50-Fe50 at 200 °C. Under similar conditions, the conversion of wheat organosolv lignin over Co50-Fe50 at 150 °C for 4 h yielded up to 50 wt% of monomeric species (based on dry lignin) and up to 19% of aromatic molecules with high selectivity to aromatic aldehydes (syringaldehyde and vanillin), up to 60%. An important fraction of water-soluble oligomers, with low molecular weights, was also formed during the catalytic treatment. The oxide nanomaterials were readily separated from the residual lignin during the recyclability test. The yield and the product distribution can be tuned by choosing the oxidation parameters: temperature, reaction time, oxygen partial pressure, solvent and catalyst charges.
- Hdidou,Khallouk,Solhy,Manoun,Oukarroum,Barakat
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p. 5445 - 5453
(2018/11/20)
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- Reduction of N,N-Dimethylcarboxamides to Aldehydes by Sodium Hydride–Iodide Composite
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A new and concise protocol for selective reduction of N,N-dimethylamides into aldehydes was established using sodium hydride (NaH) in the presence of sodium iodide (NaI) under mild reaction conditions. The present protocol with the NaH-NaI composite allows for reduction of not only aromatic and heteroaromatic but also aliphatic N,N-dimethylamides with wide substituent compatibility. Retention of α-chirality in the reduction of α-enantioriched amides was accomplished. Use of sodium deuteride (NaD) offers a new step-economical alternative to prepare deuterated aldehydes with high deuterium incorporation rate. The NaH-NaI composite exhibits unique chemoselectivity for reduction of N,N-dimethylamides over ketones.
- Chan, Guo Hao,Ong, Derek Yiren,Yen, Zhihao,Chiba, Shunsuke
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of a D-ring-contracted analogue of lamellarin D
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A D-ring contracted analogue of the strongly cytotoxic marine pyrrole alkaloid lamellarin D was synthesized and investigated for its antiproliferative action towards a wild type and a multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cell line. The compound was found to inhibit tumor cell growth at submicromolar concentrations and showed a lower relative resistance in the MDR cell line than the antitumor drug camptothecin to which lamellarin D shows cross resistance and with which lamellarin D shares the same binding site.
- Colligs, Vanessa,Hansen, Steven Peter,Imbri, Dennis,Seo, Ean-Jeong,Kadioglu, Onat,Efferth, Thomas,Opatz, Till
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p. 6137 - 6148
(2017/09/30)
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- Rational design of conformationally constrained oxazolidinone-fused 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives as potential PDE4 inhibitors
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Improvement of subtype selectivity of an inhibitor's binding activity using the conformational restriction approach has become an effective strategy in drug discovery. In this study, we applied this approach to PDE4 inhibitors and designed a series of nov
- Song, Gaopeng,Zhu, Xiang,Li, Junhua,Hu, Dekun,Zhao, Dongsheng,Liao, Yixian,Lin, Juntong,Zhang, Lian-Hui,Cui, Zi-Ning
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p. 5709 - 5717
(2017/10/09)
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- Synthesis of lignin model compound containing a β-O-4 linkage
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Development of catalysts for efficient conversion of lignin polymer to value-added materials requires appropriately-functionalized lignin model compounds. The predominant structural feature of lignin biopolymer is an extensive network of β-O-4 linkages. A
- Mukhtar, Asma,Zaheer, Muhammad,Saeed, Muhammad,Voelter, Wolfgang
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p. 119 - 124
(2017/12/26)
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- A Modular Access to (±)-Tubocurine and (±)-Curine - Formal Total Synthesis of Tubocurarine
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Two consecutive Cu-catalyzed Ullmann-type C-O couplings permitted the first successful entry toward the curare alkaloids (±)-tubocurine and (±)-curine. Starting from vanillin, the synthetic sequence comprises 15 linear steps and includes a total of 24 transformations. In addition, the total synthesis of tubocurine represents a formal total synthesis of the famous arrow poison alkaloid tubocurarine.
- Otto, Nicola,Ferenc, Dorota,Opatz, Till
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p. 1205 - 1217
(2018/06/18)
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- Efficient Total Synthesis of (±)-Isoguaiacin and (±)-Isogalbulin
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1-Arylnaphthalene lignans such as (-)-isoguaiacin and (-)-isogalbulin have been reported to exhibit notable biological properties. While (-)-isoguaiacin has not been previously synthesized, syntheses of (-)-isogalbulin are generally long and produce a mixture of stereoisomers. We herein present the efficient total synthesis of (±)-isoguaiacin and (±)-isogalbulin in seven and eight steps with an overall yield of 46% and 36%, respectively. The reported approach harnesses a hydrogenolysis reaction in acidic conditions, to convert a furan into an arylnaphthalen structure.
- Pilkington, Lisa I.,Song, Soo Min,Fedrizzi, Bruno,Barker, David
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p. 1449 - 1452
(2017/07/22)
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- Design, synthesis, and evaluation of A-ring-modified lamellarin N analogues as noncovalent inhibitors of the EGFR T790M/L858R mutant
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A series of A-ring-modified lamellarin N analogues were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potential noncovalent inhibitors of the EGFR T790M/L858R mutant, a causal factor in the drug-resistant non-small cell lung cancer. Several water-soluble ammonium- or guanidinium-tethered analogues exhibited good kinase inhibitory activities. The most promising analogue, 14f, displayed an excellent inhibitory profile against the T790M/L858R mutant [IC50 (WT) = 31.8 nM; IC50 (T790M/L858R) = 8.9 nM]. The effects of A-ring-substituents on activity were rationalized by docking studies.
- Fukuda, Tsutomu,Umeki, Teppei,Tokushima, Keiji,Xiang, Gao,Yoshida, Yuki,Ishibashi, Fumito,Oku, Yusuke,Nishiya, Naoyuki,Uehara, Yoshimasa,Iwao, Masatomo
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supporting information
p. 6563 - 6580
(2017/11/17)
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