- Enantioselective ammonolysis of phenylglycine methyl ester with lipase-pluronic nanoconjugate in tertiary butanol
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Asymmetrical ammonolysis of (R)- and (S)-phenylglycine methyl ester was carried out by using a lipase (CALB)-polymer (Pluronic) nanoconjugate as the catalyst, displaying a 11-fold increased catalytic rate compared to the free CALB in tertiary butanol. Graphical Abstract: The asymmetrical ammonolysis of (R)- and (S)-phenylglycine methyl ester was accomplished using a lipase-Pluronic nanoconjugate, displaying a 11-fold higher catalytic rate compared to the free lipase.[Figure not available: see fulltext.]
- Wu, Xiaoling,Wang, Rui,Zhang, Yifei,Ge, Jun,Liu, Zheng
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- Resolution of 1-[2-carboxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1H-pyrrole-2- carboxylic acid with methyl (R)-2-phenylglycinate, reciprocal resolution and second order asymmetric transformation
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A novel, highly efficient method has been developed for the separation of the optical isomers of 1-[2-carboxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1H-pyrrole-2- carboxylic acid with methyl (R)-2-phenylglycinate. The structural aspects of chiral discrimination have been discussed via comparison of the molecular structures and the packing energies of the diastereoisomeric salts determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. Reciprocal resolution and a new, highly efficient second order asymmetric transformation of racemic methyl 2-phenylglycinate with the pure enantiomer of the previously resolved atropisomeric carboxylic acid are also reported.
- Faigl, Ferenc,Matravoelgyi, Bela,Holczbauer, Tamas,Czugler, Matyas,Madarasz, Janos
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- Dynamic kinetic resolution of phenylglycine esters via lipase-catalysed ammonolysis
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Ammonolysis of D,L-phenylglycine methyl ester catalysed by Novozym 435 at 40°C in tert-butyl alcohol gave D-phenylglycine amide in 78% ee at 46% conversion, corresponding to an enantiomeric ratio (E) of 16. Lowering the temperature improved the enantioselectivity (E = 52 at -20°C). Combination of ammonolysis with pyridoxal-catalysed in situ racemisation of the unconverted ester (dynamic kinetic resolution), at -20°C, gave D- phenylglycine amide with 88% ee at 85% conversion. The amide racemised much slower than the ester at this low temperature.
- Wegman,Hacking,Rops,Pereira,Van Rantwijk,Sheldon
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- D-Phenylglycine and D-4-hydroxyphenylglycine methyl esters via penicillin G acylase catalysed resolution in organic solvents
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Penicillin G acylase in organic solvents catalyses specifically the acylation of the L-enantiomers of methyl esters of phenylglycine and 4- hydroxyphenylglycine. Hydrolytic reactions are prevented by controlling the water activity of the system and no excess of acylating agent is required. The process leads to the facile isolation of the enantiomerically pure D- enantiomer, which is of practical use for the preparation of β-lactam antibiotics. Electrospray mass spectroscopy has been applied to the study of the enantioselectivity of the enzyme. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
- Basso, Alessandra,Braiuca, Paolo,De Martin, Luigi,Ebert, Cynthia,Gardossi, Lucia,Linda, Paolo
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- Rubrosides A-H, new bioactive tetramic acid glycosides from the marine sponge Siliquariaspongia japonica
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Eight new tetramic acid glycosides named rubrosides A-H have been isolated from the marine sponge Siliquariaspongia japonica. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data as tetramic acid glycosides containing polyenes terminating in a 4-chloro-2-methyltetrahydrofuran ring. The absolute stereochemistry of the furan functionality in the two major metabolites, rubrosides D and F, was determined by the NMR method using chiral anisotropic reagents for tetrahydro-2-furoic acid derived by RuO4 oxidation. The absolute stereochemistry of tetramic acid and of the sugar moieties in all rubrosides was deduced by chiral GC analysis of chemical degradation products. The rubrosides induced numerous large intracellular vacuoles in 3Y1 rat fibroblasts at concentrations of 0.5-1.0 μg/mL, and rubrosides A, C, D, and E were cytotoxic against P388 murine leukemia cells with IC50 values of 0.046-0.21 μg/mL. Most rubrosides show antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans.
- Sata,Wada,Matsunaga,Watabe,Van Soest,Fusetani
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- Iridium-Catalyzed Amidation of in Situ Prepared Silyl Ketene Acetals to Access α-Amino Esters
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Disclosed herein is a convenient Ir-catalyzed amidation of esters to access α-amido esters. Initially prepared silyl ketene acetals are directly employed, without separate purification, for subsequent amidation with an oxycarbonylnitrenoid precursor using the Cp*(LX)Ir(III) catalyst. The α-amidation was facile for both α-aryl and α-alkyl esters. Density functional theory studies revealed that the generation of a putative Ir-nitrenoid is facilitated by the chelation of the countercation additive during the N-O bond cleavage of the nitrene precursor.
- Chang, Sukbok,Gwon, Yunyeong,Kim, Dongwook,Lee, Minhan
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p. 1088 - 1093
(2022/02/10)
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- A Structure?Activity Relationship Study of Novel Hydroxamic Acid Inhibitors around the S1 Subsite of Human Aminopeptidase N
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Aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) is a zinc-dependent ubiquitous transmembrane ectoenzyme that is widely present in different types of cells. APN is one of the most extensively studied metalloaminopeptidases as an anti-cancer target due to its significant role in the regulation of metastasis and angiogenesis. Previously, we identified a potent and selective APN inhibitor, N-(2-(Hydroxyamino)-2-oxo-1-(3′,4′,5′-trifluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)ethyl)-4-(methylsulfonamido)benzamide (3). Herein, we report the further modifications performed to explore SAR around the S1 subsite of APN and to improve the physicochemical properties. A series of hydroxamic acid analogues were synthesised, and the pharmacological activities were evaluated in vitro. N-(1-(3′-Fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl)-4-(methylsulfonamido)benzamide (6 f) was found to display an extremely potent inhibitory activity in the sub-nanomolar range.
- Lee, Jisook,Drinkwater, Nyssa,McGowan, Sheena,Scammells, Peter
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p. 234 - 249
(2020/10/28)
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- Preparation method of oxazolidinone compound
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The preparation method comprises the following steps 1): dissolving aromatic amino acid in methanol, dissolving the aromatic amino acid in methanol, heating up to 50 - 60 °C heat preservation 1 - 2h, 2) reducing: adding a catalytic amount of lithium salt in ethanol water as a solvent. 3) Ring-closing: toluene is used as a solvent, a reduction product and diethyl carbonate are added to 100 °C, a sodium methoxide solution is added dropwise, and the product is obtained after completion of the dropwise addition and after-treatment and purification after completion of the normal pressure distillation to the temperature of 100 °C heat preservation. The lithium salt is introduced to participate in the reaction, sodium borohydride is selected as a solvent, sodium borohydride is completely dissolved, and the lithium salt can be free from the compound to improve the reaction activity, so that the use amount of sodium borohydride is reduced to 2 equivalent, and the production cost is remarkably reduced.
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Paragraph 0051-0053
(2021/11/10)
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- Stereoretentive N-Arylation of Amino Acid Esters with Cyclohexanones Utilizing a Continuous-Flow System
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The N-arylation of chiral amino acid esters with minimal racemization is a challenging transformation because of the sensitivity of the α-stereocenter. A versatile synthetic method was developed to prepare N-arylated amino acid esters using cyclohexanones as aryl sources under continuous-flow conditions. The designed flow system, which consists of a coil reactor and a packed-bed reactor containing a Pd(OH)2/C catalyst, efficiently afforded the desired N-arylated amino acids without significant racemization, accompanied by only small amounts of easily removable co-products (i. e., H2O and alkanes). The efficiency and robustness of this method allowed for the continuous synthesis of the desired product in very high yield and enantiopurity with high space-time yield (74.1 g L?1 h?1) and turnover frequency (5.9 h?1) for at least 3 days.
- Ichitsuka, Tomohiro,Komatsuzaki, Shingo,Masuda, Koichiro,Koumura, Nagatoshi,Sato, Kazuhiko,Kobayashi, Shū
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supporting information
p. 10844 - 10848
(2021/05/31)
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- Development of potent dual PDK1/AurA kinase inhibitors for cancer therapy: Lead-optimization, structural insights, and ADME-Tox profile
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We report the synthesis of novel first-in-class 2-oxindole-based derivatives as dual PDK1-AurA kinase inhibitors as a novel strategy to treat Ewing sarcoma. The most potent compound 12 is suitable for progression to in vivo studies. The specific attributes of 12 included nanomolar inhibitory potency against both phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) and Aurora A (AurA) kinase, with acceptable in vitro ADME-Tox properties (cytotoxicity in 2 healthy and 14 hematological and solid cancer cell-lines; inhibition of PDE4C1, SIRT7, HDAC4, HDAC6, HDAC8, HDAC9, AurB, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and hERG). X-ray crystallography and docking studies led to the identification of the key AurA and PDK1/12 interactions. Finally, in vitro drug-intake kinetics and in vivo PK appear to indicate that these compounds are attractive lead-structures for the design and synthesis of PDK1/AurA dual-target molecules to further investigate the in vivo efficacy against Ewing Sarcoma.
- Bacci, Andrea,Chiarugi, Sara,Gado, Francesca,Garau, Gianpiero,Gul, Sheraz,Huguet, Samuel,Manera, Clementina,Margheritis, Eleonora,Rapposelli, Simona,Rezai, Keyvan,Riveiro, Maria E.,Runfola, Massimiliano,Sestito, Simona,Vazquez, Ramiro
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supporting information
(2021/10/08)
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- Highly Stable Zr(IV)-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks for Chiral Separation in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography
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Separation of racemic mixtures is of great importance and interest in chemistry and pharmacology. Porous materials including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely explored as chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in chiral resolution. However, it remains a challenge to develop new CSPs for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), which is the most popular chromatographic mode and accounts for over 90% of all separations. Here we demonstrated for the first time that highly stable Zr-based MOFs can be efficient CSPs for RP-HPLC. By elaborately designing and synthesizing three tetracarboxylate ligands of enantiopure 1,1′-biphenyl-20-crown-6, we prepared three chiral porous Zr(IV)-MOFs with the framework formula [Zr6O4(OH)8(H2O)4(L)2]. They share the same flu topological structure but channels of different sizes and display excellent tolerance to water, acid, and base. Chiral crown ether moieties are periodically aligned within the framework channels, allowing for stereoselective recognition of guest molecules via supramolecular interactions. Under acidic aqueous eluent conditions, the Zr-MOF-packed HPLC columns provide high resolution, selectivity, and durability for the separation of a variety of model racemates, including unprotected and protected amino acids and N-containing drugs, which are comparable to or even superior to several commercial chiral columns for HPLC separation. DFT calculations suggest that the Zr-MOF provides a confined microenvironment for chiral crown ethers that dictates the separation selectivity.
- Jiang, Hong,Yang, Kuiwei,Zhao, Xiangxiang,Zhang, Wenqiang,Liu, Yan,Jiang, Jianwen,Cui, Yong
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supporting information
p. 390 - 398
(2021/01/13)
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- Direct reductive amination of ketones with ammonium salt catalysed by Cp*Ir(iii) complexes bearing an amidato ligand
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A series of half-sandwich Ir(iii) complexes1-6bearing an amidato bidentate ligand were conveniently synthesized and applied to the catalytic Leuckart-Wallach reaction to produce racemic α-chiral primary amines. With 0.1 mol% of complex1, a broad range of ketones, including aryl ketones, dialkyl ketones, cyclic ketones, α-keto acids, α-keto esters and diketones, could be transformed to their corresponding primary amines with moderate to excellent yields (40%-95%). Asymmetric transformation was also attempted with chiral Ir complexes3-6, and 16% ee of the desired primary amine was obtained. Despite the unsatisfactory enantio-control achieved so far, the current exploration might stimulate more efforts towards the discovery of better chiral catalysts for this challenging but important transformation.
- Dai, Zengjin,Pan, Ying-Min,Wang, Shou-Guo,Yin, Qin,Zhang, Xumu
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supporting information
p. 8934 - 8939
(2021/11/04)
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- N-Pyrazinoyl substituted amino acids as potential antimycobacterial agents-the synthesis and biological evaluation of enantiomers
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Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), each year causing millions of deaths. In this article, we present the synthesis and biological evaluations of new potential antimycobacterial compounds containing a fragment of the first-line antitubercular drug pyrazinamide (PZA), coupled with methyl or ethyl esters of selected amino acids. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated on a variety of (myco)bacterial strains, including Mtb H37Ra, M. smegmatis, M. aurum, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and fungal strains, including Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus. Emphasis was placed on the comparison of enantiomer activities. None of the synthesized compounds showed any significant activity against fungal strains, and their antibacterial activities were also low, the best minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was 31.25 μM. However, several compounds presented high activity against Mtb. Overall, higher activity was seen in derivatives containing l-amino acids. Similarly, the activity seems tied to the more lipophilic compounds. The most active derivative contained phenylglycine moiety (PC-d/l-Pgl-Me, MIC 1.95 μg/mL). All active compounds possessed low cytotoxicity and good selectivity towards Mtb. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study comparing the activities of the d- and l-amino acid derivatives of pyrazinamide as potential antimycobacterial compounds.
- Bárta, Pavel,Dole?al, Martin,Horá?ek, Ond?ej,Jand'Ourek, Ond?ej,Janou?ek, Ji?í,Juhás, Martin,Kone?ná, Klára,Ku?era, Radim,Ku?erová, Lucie,Kubí?ek, Vladimír,Kune?, Ji?í,Paterová, Pavla,Zitko, Jan
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- Discovery of γ-Lactam alkaloid derivatives as potential fungicidal agents targeting steroid biosynthesis
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Biological control of plant pathogens is considered as one of the green and effective technologies using beneficial microorganisms or microbial secondary metabolites against plant diseases, and so microbial natural products have played important roles in the research and development of new and green agrochemicals. To explore the potential applications for natural γ-lactam alkaloids and their derivatives, 26 γ-lactams that have flexible substituent patterns were synthesized and characterized, and their in vitro antifungal activities against eight kinds of plant pathogens belonging to oomycetes, basidiomycetes, and deuteromycetes were fully evaluated. In addition, the high potential compounds were further tested using an in vivo assay against Phytophthora blight of pepper to verify a practical application for controlling oomycete diseases. The potential modes of action for compound D1 against Phytophthora capsici were also investigated using microscopic technology (optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy) and label-free quantitative proteomics analysis. The results demonstrated that compound D1 may be a potential novel fungicidal agent against oomycete diseases (EC50 = 4.9748 μg·mL-1 for P. capsici and EC50 = 5.1602 μg·mL-1 for Pythium aphanidermatum) that can act on steroid biosynthesis, which can provide a certain theoretical basis for the development of natural lactam derivatives as potential antifungal agents.
- Cao, Xiufang,Huang, Daye,Huang, Wenbo,Ke, Shaoyong,Song, Di,Wang, Shuangshuang
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p. 14438 - 14451
(2020/12/23)
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- Synthesis and photophysics of benzazole based triazoles with amino acid-derived pendant units. Multiparametric optical sensors for BSA and CT-DNA in solution
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Herein we report the synthesis of a series of amino acid-derived triazoles by an organocatalytic cycloaddition reaction between azides and carbonyl compounds, catalyzed by a simple amine. These compounds present absorption maxima located in the UV-B ascribed to fully spin and symmetry allowed electronic transitions and a main fluorescence emission in the UV-A (~380 nm) with a relatively large Stokes shift (5700 cm?1). No significant solvatochromism was observed in both ground and excited states. Unexpectedly, the benzoxazole derivatives presented much higher fluorescence quantum yield values (40–80%) of compared to the sulfur analogues (3–6%). In addition, the DNA binding assays indicated that these compounds presented strong interaction with CT-DNA, which could be attributed to π-stacking and intermolecular hydrogen-bonding. The interaction of the benzazoles with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was also investigated, where a suppression mechanism was observed. In each case, docking was performed to better understand the observed interactions.
- Debia, Natalí P.,Rodríguez, Juan J.P.,da Silveira, Carolina H.,Chaves, Otavio A.,Iglesias, Bernardo A.,Rodembusch, Fabiano S.,Lüdtke, Diogo S.
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- TREATMENT OF CDK4/6 INHIBITOR RESISTANT NEOPLASTIC DISORDERS
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This invention is to methods for treating disorders involving abnormal cellular proliferation that have developed resistance to a selective CDK4/6 inhibitor.
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Page/Page column 61
(2020/10/19)
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- Preparation method of amino-acid ester
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The invention relates to a preparation method of amino-acid ester, and belongs to the field of synthesis of organic compounds. The preparation method of the amino-acid ester comprises the following steps: taking sulfur trioxide as a catalyst and a water-binding agent, catalyzing amino acid and alcohol to react so as to prepare sulfate of the amino-acid ester, then concentrating a reaction system to remove a reaction solvent and then adding water for dissolving, and neutralizing ammonia water to prepare the amino-acid ester. According to the technical scheme, the provided preparation method ofthe amino-acid ester has the advantages of mild reaction process, high yield, good purity, simplicity in operation and low cost. Concentrated condensate water of central mother liquor of the preparation method of the amino-acid ester can be directly subjected to biochemical treatment, solid by-products are high-purity ammonium sulfate, and can serve as chemical fertilizers, a reaction process is green and pollution-free, and thus, environmental protection is facilitated.
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Paragraph 0007
(2019/03/15)
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- Catalytic Asymmetric Intermolecular Cyclopropanation of a Ketone Carbene Precursor by a Ruthenium(II)-Pheox Complex
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The diazo derivative of acetonyl acetate is a useful basic skeleton for the synthesis of cyclopropyl ketones. The intermolecular cyclopropanations of diazo acetoxy acetone with olefins are accomplished by using a novel p-nitro-Ru(II)-diphenyl-Pheox catalyst to give the corresponding optically active cyclopropane derivatives in good yields (up to 95%) with excellent diastereoselectivities (up to 99:1) and enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee). (Figure presented.).
- Chi, Le Thi Loan,Suharto, Agus,Da, Ho Linh,Chanthamath, Soda,Shibatomi, Kazutaka,Iwasa, Seiji
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p. 951 - 955
(2019/01/25)
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- Catalytic Mechanism Study on the 1,2- and 1,4-Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketimines and β-Enamino Esters Catalyzed by Axially Chiral Biscarboline-Based Alcohols
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Axial N-O alcohols, which have two large carboline moieties connected to the axis were synthesized and used in catalytic enantioselective 1,2- and 1,4-transfer hydrogenations of total 26 ketimines and β-enamino esters. Excellent levels of enantioselectivity ranging from 91% to 99% were achieved by using catalyst (aS)-(S)-3,3′-bis((S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-9,9′-dimethyl-9H,9′H-[1,1′-bipyrido[3,4-b]indole] 2-oxide. Interestingly, a mixture of (aS)-(S)-3,3′-bis((S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-9,9′-dimethyl-9H,9′H-[1,1′-bipyrido[3,4-b]indole] 2-oxide and (aR)-(S)-3,3′-bis((S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-9,9′-dimethyl-9H,9′H-[1,1′-bipyrido[3,4-b]indole] 2-oxide was also able to provide high enantioselectivities up to 95% that is the same as that using pure (aS)-(S)-3,3′-bis((S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-9,9′-dimethyl-9H,9′H-[1,1′-bipyrido[3,4-b]indole] 2-oxide. A plausible catalytic mechanism was suggested and total four kinds of transition states (TS) including almost 60 TS structures were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) with different basis sets such as 6-311G(2d,p). The predicted activation energy data are consistent with the experimental results. (Figure presented.).
- Dong, Mengxian,Wang, Jie,Wu, Shijie,Zhao, Yang,Ma, Yangyang,Xing, Yongfei,Cao, Fei,Li, Longfei,Li, Zhenqiu,Zhu, Huajie
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supporting information
p. 4602 - 4610
(2019/08/30)
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- HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF ABNORMAL CELLULAR PROLIFERATION
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This invention is in the area of heterocyclic-based compounds for the treatment of disorders involving abnormal cellular proliferation, including but not limited to tumors and cancers.
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Page/Page column 134
(2019/07/20)
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- Ir-catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α-Imino Esters with Chiral Ferrocenylphosphine-Phosphoramidite Ligands
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An Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of α-imino esters with unsymmetrical hybrid chiral ferrocenylphosphine-phosphoramidite ligands for the synthesis of optically active α-aryl glycines has been described. The result indicated that the presence of the iodo-substitutent at the 3/3’-position of the binaphthyl unit of ligand could significantly improve the catalytic performance. This method features high asymmetric induction and reasonable functional group tolerance, thus providing a concise and efficient approach toward chiral α-aryl glycine derivatives with up to 96% ee.
- Hu, Xin-Hu,Hu, Xiang-Ping
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p. 5063 - 5068
(2019/11/11)
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- Intermolecular Radical C(sp3)?H Amination under Iodine Catalysis
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The direct amination of aliphatic C?H bonds has remained one of the most tantalizing transformations in organic chemistry. Herein, we report on a unique catalyst system, which enables the elusive intermolecular C(sp3)?H amination. This practical synthetic strategy provides access to aminated building blocks and fosters innovative multiple C?H amination within a new approach to aminated heterocycles. The synthetic utility is demonstrated by the synthesis of four relevant pharmaceuticals.
- Bosnidou, Alexandra E.,Mu?iz, Kilian
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supporting information
p. 7485 - 7489
(2019/04/30)
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- Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents Containing a Transferable (Diarylmethylene)amino Group and Their Use in the Oxidative Amination of Silyl Ketene Acetals
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The preparation of some hypervalent iodine reagents containing a transferable amino group derived from benzophenone imine derivatives is reported. The reagents can be readily prepared and stored as a bench-stable solid, and were successfully used in the transition-metal-free oxidative amination of silyl ketene acetals to afford the corresponding α-amino esters, the benzophenone imine moieties of which could be easily hydrolyzed, thereby leading to the formation of primary amines.
- Kiyokawa, Kensuke,Okumatsu, Daichi,Minakata, Satoshi
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supporting information
p. 8907 - 8911
(2019/05/28)
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- HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AS HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORS
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The present invention is directed to compounds of Formula I pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, and their use in the inhibition of HIV protease, the inhibition of HIV replication, the prophylaxis of infection by HIV, the treatment of infection by HIV, and the prophylaxis, treatment, and delay in the onset or progression of AIDS.
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Page/Page column 30
(2018/07/26)
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- HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AS HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORS
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The present invention is directed to compounds of Formula I, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, and their use in the inhibition of HIV protease, the inhibition of HIV replication, the prophylaxis of infection by HIV, the treatment of infection by HIV, and the prophylaxis, treatment, and delay in the onset or progression of AIDS.
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Page/Page column 24
(2018/07/29)
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- Enantioselective synthesis of amines via reductive amination with a dehydrogenase mutant from Exigobacterium sibiricum: Substrate scope, co-solvent tolerance and biocatalyst immobilization
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In recent years, the reductive amination of ketones in the presence of amine dehydrogenases emerged as an attractive synthetic strategy for the enantioselective preparation of amines starting from ketones, an ammonia source, a reducing reagent and a cofactor, which is recycled in situ by means of a second enzyme. Current challenges in this field consists of providing a broad synthetic platform as well as process development including enzyme immobilization. In this contribution these issues are addressed. Utilizing the amine dehydrogenase EsLeuDH-DM as a mutant of the leucine dehydrogenase from Exigobacterium sibiricum, a range of aryl-substituted ketones were tested as substrates revealing a broad substrate tolerance. Kinetics as well as inhibition effects were also studied and the suitability of this method for synthetic purpose was demonstrated with acetophenone as a model substrate. Even at an elevated substrate concentration of 50 mM, excellent conversion was achieved. In addition, the impact of water-miscible co-solvents was examined, and good activities were found when using DMSO of up to 30% (v/v). Furthermore, a successful immobilization of the EsLeuDH-DM was demonstrated utilizing a hydrophobic support and a support for covalent binding, respectively, as a carrier.
- L?we, Jana,Ingram, Aaron A.,Gr?ger, Harald
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p. 1387 - 1392
(2018/03/21)
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- Montmorillonite K10 catalyzed highly regioselective azidolysis of epoxides: A short and efficient synthesis of phenylglycine
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A series of β‐hydroxyazides were effectively synthesized from the regioselective ring opening of epoxides by sodium azide using montmorillonite K10 as a novel heterogeneous catalyst in aqueous acetonitrile in good to excellent yields. The utility of this method has been demonstrated by achieving a short synthesis of phenylglycine in 33.5% overall yield.
- Ch Ghosh, Keshab,Banerjee, Isita,Sinha, Surajit
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p. 2923 - 2934
(2018/12/04)
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- Method for preparing amino-acid ester
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The invention relates to a method for preparing an amino-acid ester and belongs to the field of organic compound synthesis. The method comprises the following steps: by taking sulfur trioxide as a catalyst and a water bounding agent, catalyzing amino acid to react with an alcohol so as to prepare sulfate of the amino-acid ester, concentrating the reaction system, removing a reaction solvent, dissolving with water, and further neutralizing with ammonia water, thereby obtaining the amino-acid ester. The method for preparing the amino-acid ester, which is provided by the technical scheme of the invention, has the advantages of being gentle in reaction process, high in yield, high in purity, simple to operate and low in cost. By adopting the method for preparing the amino-acid ester, centrifugal mother liquid condensed water can be subjected to biochemical treatment directly, a solid byproduct of high-purity ammonium sulfate can be generated, the byproduct can be used as a chemical fertilizer, the reaction process is green and pollution-free, and the environment can be protected.
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Paragraph 0020
(2018/12/03)
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- HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AS HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORS
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The present invention is directed to compounds of Formula (I), pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, and their use in the inhibition of HIV protease, the inhibition of HIV replication, the prophylaxis of infection by HIV, the treatment of infection by HIV, and the prophylaxis, treatment, and delay in the onset or progression of AIDS.
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Page/Page column 37-38
(2018/06/30)
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- Ru-catalyzed C[sbnd]H functionalization of phenylglycine derivatives: Synthesis of isoquinoline-1-carboxylates and isoindoline-1-carboxylates
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The reaction of N-unprotected methylesters of phenylglycine derivatives (1a–1f) with electron-rich internal alkynes (2a–2e), catalyzed by [Ru(cymene)Cl2]2 (10%), gives the corresponding 3,4-disubstituted isoquinoline-1-carboxylates 3 through C[sbnd]H/N[sbnd]H oxidative coupling. The C[sbnd]H bond activation step is assisted by carboxylates, and N-fluoro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium triflate works as the terminal oxidant. The process shows a remarkable tolerance to the presence of diverse electron-releasing and electron-attracting functional groups at the phenyl ring of the amino acid. In addition, the reaction of phenylglycine derivatives (1a–1f) with methyl acrylate (4a) catalyzed by [Ru(cymene)Cl2]2 (10%) under the same experimental conditions, gives the corresponding 3,N-disubstituted isoindoline-1-carboxylates 5 through C[sbnd]H/N[sbnd]H coupling. Isoindolines 5 are obtained as a mixture of diastereoisomers, with moderate to high values of diastereomeric excess (up to 80%).
- Ruiz, Sara,Sayago, Francisco J.,Cativiela, Carlos,Urriolabeitia, Esteban P.
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p. 407 - 418
(2016/12/16)
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- A 6 - aminomethyl - 6, 11 - dihydro - 5H - dibenzo [b, e] for the preparation method
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The invention relates to a preparation method of 6-aminomethyl-6,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,e]azepine, and belongs to the technical field of drug synthesis. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) converting phenylglycine methyl ester hydrochloride into benzene ammonia amide through amidation reactions; (2) converting benzene ammonia amide into 2-((2-amino-2-oxo-phenethyl)amino)methyl benzoate through coupling reactions; (3) converting 2-((2-amino-2-oxo-phenethyl)amino)methyl benzoate into 2-((2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)amino)-2-phenyl acetamide through reduction reactions; (4) converting 2-((2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)amino)-2-phenyl acetamide into 6-aminomethyl-6,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,e]azepine through alkylation reactions. The provided preparation method has the advantage that no cyanide is used.
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Paragraph 0029; 0031; 0032
(2017/08/25)
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- New Amino-Acid-Based β-Phosphorylated Nitroxides for Probing Acidic pH in Biological Systems by EPR Spectroscopy
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There is increasing interest in measuring pH in biological samples by using nitroxides with pH-dependent electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra. Aiming to improve the spectral sensitivity (ΔaX) of these probes (i.e., the difference between the EPR hyperfine splitting (hfs) in their protonated and unprotonated forms), we characterized a series of novel linear α-carboxy, α′-diethoxyphosphoryl nitroxides constructed on an amino acid core and featuring an (α or α′)-C?H bond. In buffer, the three main hfs (aN, aH, and aP) of their EPR spectra vary reversibly with pH and, from aP or aH titration curves, a two- to fourfold increase in sensitivity was achieved compared to reference imidazoline or imidazolidine nitroxides. The crystallized carboxylate 10 b (pKa ≈3.6), which demonstrated low cytotoxicity and good resistance to bioreduction, was applied to probe stomach acidity in rats. The results pave the way to a novel generation of highly sensitive EPR pH markers.
- Thétiot-Laurent, Sophie,Gosset, Ga?lle,Clément, Jean-Louis,Cassien, Mathieu,Mercier, Anne,Siri, Didier,Gaudel-Siri, Anouk,Rockenbauer, Antal,Culcasi, Marcel,Pietri, Sylvia
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p. 300 - 315
(2017/02/15)
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- SALT OF PHENYLGLYCINE METHYL ESTER
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The present invention relates to the hemi sulfuric acid salt of D-phenylglycine methyl ester, to a method for the preparation of said salt and to the use of said salt in the enzymatic synthesis of antibiotics and of D-phenylglycine methyl ester free base.
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Page/Page column 8
(2016/06/06)
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- Synthetic method of D-phenylglycine methyl ester
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The invention discloses a synthetic method of D-phenylglycine methyl ester. The method comprises the following steps: 1, adding methanol and D-phenylglycine to a reaction kettle, cooling methanol and D-phenylglycine to 10-15 DEG C, slowly adding a catalyst concentrated sulfuric acid to the obtained cooled mixture in a dropwise manner, wherein a ratio of the addition amount of the concentrated sulfuric acid to the mass of D-phenylglycine is 1:20-21, and the dropwise addition speed of the concentrated sulfuric acid is 1-5 kg/h; and 2, heating the obtained mixture to 60-70 DEG C after the dropwise addition ends, carrying out a reaction, cooling and concentrating the obtained reaction product to form a slurry, adding water, adjusting the pH value of the obtained diluted slurry to 7.5-8.0, crystallizing the diluted slurry, and drying obtained crystals to obtain the product D-phenylglycine methyl ester. The method has the advantages of mild reaction temperature, concise route, and good safety and simplicity in operation.
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Paragraph 0021; 0022; 0023; 0024; 0025; 0026-0030
(2017/07/22)
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- HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS USEFUL IN THE TREATMENT OF DISEASE
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Heterocyclic compounds are described that are lysophosphatidic acid receptor ligands that are useful in the treatment of lysophosphatidic acid receptor-dependent diseases and conditions, including but not limited to diseases involving fibrosis, such as fibrosis of the heart, kidney, liver and lung, and scleroderma; inflammatory diseases such as diabetic nephropathy and inflammatory bowel disease; ocular diseases such as diseases involving retinal degeneration; nerve diseases such as pruritus and pain. Non-limiting examples of those compounds include (RS)-3-Cyclopropyl-2-{4-[3-methyl-4((R)-1-phenyl-ethoxycarbonylamino)-isoxazol-5-yl]-benzyloxy}-propionic acid and (R)-1-(4′-{5-[1-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-ethoxycarbonylamino]-4-fluoro-pyrazol-1-yl}-2-fluoro-biphenyl-4-yl)-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid.
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Paragraph 0598; 0606
(2016/02/18)
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- The Rh(II)-catalyzed formal N-S bond insertion reaction of aryldiazoacetates into: N -phenyl-sulfenyl phthalimide
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The Rh(ii)-catalyzed sulfur ylide [1,2]-rearrangement of carbenoids generated from aryldiazoacetates has been realized via N-S bond insertion, generating tertiary sulfides in moderate to excellent yields. This demonstrates the first use of the sulfur ylide [1,2]-rearrangement undergoing N-S bond insertion. This protocol could proceed smoothly with high regioselectivity, low catalyst loading (0.1 mol% Rh2(OAc)4), gram-scale reaction and broad substrate scope. And the product could be converted into glycine derivatives through simple procedures.
- Song, Zhuang,Wu, Yizhou,Xin, Tao,Jin, Chao,Wen, Xiaoan,Sun, Hongbin,Xu, Qing-Long
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p. 6079 - 6082
(2016/05/19)
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- Regiodivergent Enantioselective γ-Additions of Oxazolones to 2,3-Butadienoates Catalyzed by Phosphines: Synthesis of α,α-Disubstituted α-Amino Acids and N,O-Acetal Derivatives
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Phosphine-catalyzed regiodivergent enantioselective C-2- and C-4-selective γ-additions of oxazolones to 2,3-butadienoates have been developed. The C-4-selective γ-addition of oxazolones occurred in a highly enantioselective manner when 2-aryl-4-alkyloxazol-5-(4H)-ones were employed as pronucleophiles. With the employment of 2-alkyl-4-aryloxazol-5-(4H)-ones as the donor, C-2-selective γ-addition of oxazolones took place in a highly enantioselective manner. The C-4-selective adducts provided rapid access to optically enriched α,α-disubstituted α-amino acid derivatives, and the C-2-selective products led to facile synthesis of chiral N,O-acetals and γ-lactols. Theoretical studies via DFT calculations suggested that the origin of the observed regioselectivity was due to the distortion energy that resulted from the interaction between the nucleophilic oxazolide and the electrophilic phosphonium intermediate.
- Wang, Tianli,Yu, Zhaoyuan,Hoon, Ding Long,Phee, Claire Yan,Lan, Yu,Lu, Yixin
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supporting information
p. 265 - 271
(2016/01/25)
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- A Zinc(II) Photocage Based on a Decarboxylation Metal Ion Release Mechanism for Investigating Homeostasis and Biological Signaling
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Metal ion signaling in biology has been studied extensively with ortho-nitrobenzyl photocages; however, the low quantum yields and other optical properties are not ideal for these applications. We describe the synthesis and characterization of NTAdeCage, the first member in a new class of Zn2+ photocages that utilizes a light-driven decarboxylation reaction in the metal ion release mechanism. NTAdeCage binds Zn2+ with sub-pM affinity using a modified nitrilotriacetate chelator and exhibits an almost 6 order of magnitude decrease in metal binding affinity upon uncaging. In contrast to other metal ion photocages, NTAdeCage and the corresponding Zn2+ complex undergo efficient photolysis with quantum yields approaching 30 %. The ability of NTAdeCage to mediate the uptake of 65Zn2+ by Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing hZIP4 demonstrates the viability of this photocaging strategy to execute biological assays. Light-driven metal release: A photodecarboxylation reaction has been exploited to design a photocaged complex for Zn2+ with superior properties compared to other caged metal complexes. The photocage has been used to control the uptake of Zn2+ in frog oocytes expressing a human zinc transport protein.
- Basa, Prem N.,Antala, Sagar,Dempski, Robert E.,Burdette, Shawn C.
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supporting information
p. 13027 - 13031
(2015/11/02)
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- Catalytic enantioselective silylation of N-sulfonylimines: Asymmetric synthesis of α-amino acids from CO2 via stereospecific carboxylation of α-amino silanes
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A catalytic enantioselective silylation of N-tert-butylsulfonylimines using a Cu-secondary diamine complex was demonstrated. The resulting optically active α-amino silanes could be carboxylated under a CO2 atmosphere (1 atm) to afford the corresponding α-amino acids in a stereoretentive manner. This two-step sequence provides a new synthetic protocol for optically active α-amino acids from gaseous CO2 and imines in the presence of a catalytic amount of a chiral source.
- Mita, Tsuyoshi,Sugawara, Masumi,Saito, Keisuke,Sato, Yoshihiro
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p. 3028 - 3031
(2014/06/23)
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- Synthesis of chiral N-phosphinyl α-imino esters and their application in asymmetric synthesis of α-amino esters by reduction
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A variety of chiral N-phosphinyl a-imino esters have been synthesized for the first time from ketoesters and phosphinylamide, which were then reduced by L-selectride to give the corresponding N-phosphinyl-protected a-amino esters. The reduction proceeded very well with excellent chemical yields (88-98%) as well as high diastereoselectivities (96:4 to 99:1). Some of these products could be obtained without column chromatography and recrystallization. The chiral phosphinyl auxiliary could be easily cleaved under acidic conditions.
- Xiong, Yiwen,Mei, Haibo,Wu, Lingmin,Han, Jianlin,Pan, Yi,Li, Guigen
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p. 653 - 659
(2014/04/17)
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- OXAZOLIDINONE COMPOUNDS AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF
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Compounds of Formula (I) and Formula (II) are useful inhibitors of tankyrase. Compounds of Formula (I) and Formula (II) have the following structure: where the definitions of the variables are provided herein.
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Paragraph 0427-0428
(2013/09/26)
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- Novel PCU cage diol peptides as potential targets against wild-type CSA HIV-1 protease: Synthesis, biological screening and molecular modelling studies
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We have synthesized a series of novel pentacycloundecane cage diol diacid (PCU diol diacid) incorporated C 2-symmetric peptides. Their activity against the resistance-prone wild-type C-South African (C-SA) HIV protease (HIV PR) is reported. These compounds were obtained in moderate yields of 42-72 %. Amongst the nine compounds reported herein only compound 6, 7, 10 and 11 showed moderate IC50 values of 5-10 μM. Peptides 7 and 10 contain two phenylglycine and two tryptophan amino acids, respectively as side arms to the cage diol. Phenylglycine is a non-natural amino acid. Docking and molecular dynamics (MD) studies were carried out to understand the binding mode of the PCU moiety at the active site of the HIV PR enzyme. The computational results show that the cage diol peptide fits quite comfortably inside the active site of the enzyme. Not much movement is observed during the MD simulation and the hydrogen bonds that develop between the inhibitor and the enzyme pocket suggest that the inhibitor/HIV PR complex is stable at room temperature.
- Karpoormath, Rajshekhar,Sayed, Yasien,Govender, Thavendran,Kruger, Hendrik G.,Soliman, Mahmoud E. S.,Maguire, Glenn E. M.
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p. 3918 - 3933
(2013/07/26)
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- Photochemical transformation of a 1,2-dihydropyridin-3-one: An original tandem retro-[4+2]/[2+2] cycloaddition process
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The UV irradiation of N-benzyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-one furnished trans-1-benzyl-4-phenyl-3-vinylazetidin-2-one, a structural isomer, as the main product. A novel tandem mechanism involving a [4+2] photocycloreversion followed by a Staudinger cycloaddition reaction is proposed, and is supported with the trapping of the purported vinylketene intermediate by other imines. This process predominates in the presence of ethylene, precluding the formation of an intermolecular [2+2] cyclobutane adduct.
- Aitken, David J.,Frongia, Angelo,Gaucher, Xavier,Ollivier, Jean,Rafique, Hummera,Sambiagio, Carlo,Secci, Francesco
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p. 2825 - 2827
(2013/06/26)
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- A synthesis of α-amino acids via direct reductive carboxylation of imines with carbon dioxide
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A method for the synthesis of α-amino acids by direct reductive carboxylation of aromatic imines with CO2 is described. The protocol employs readily available commercial reagents and serves as a one-step alternative to the Strecker synthesis. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013.
- Sathe, Ajay A.,Hartline, Douglas R.,Radosevich, Alexander T.
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p. 5040 - 5042
(2013/06/05)
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- One-step synthesis of racemic α-amino acids from aldehydes, amine components, and gaseous CO2 by the aid of a bismetal reagent
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α-Amino acids are essential resources for human life and are highly useful as building blocks for organic synthesis. The core framework of an α-amino acid can be divided into three basic components: an aldehyde, an amine, and carbon dioxide (CO2). We report herein that a one-step synthesis of α-amino acids has been successfully achieved from these three basic and inexpensive chemicals with a single operation, in which the mixture of an aldehyde, a sulfonamide, and gaseous CO2 was heated at 100 °C in the presence of Bu3Sn-SnBu3 and CsF. In this one-pot sequential protocol, two important intermediates (imine and α-amino stannane) are involved and the stannyl anion generated in situ plays a crucial role, particularly for the efficient stannylation of the imine in the presence of proton sources and for promoting retrostannylation of the undesired α-alkoxy stannane owing to its high stability and tolerance of the presence of proton sources. This methodology enabled the synthesis of a wide range of racemic arylglycine derivatives in high yields. Go retro! α-Amino acids are essential resources for human life and are highly useful as building blocks for organic synthesis. The core framework of an α-amino acid is retrosynthesized to an aldehyde, an amine, and carbon dioxide. A one-step synthesis of α-amin Copyright
- Mita, Tsuyoshi,Higuchi, Yuki,Sato, Yoshihiro
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supporting information
p. 1123 - 1128
(2013/02/23)
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- Synthesis and NMR elucidation of novel pentacycloundecane-derived peptides
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Hereinwereport the synthesis andNMRelucidation of five novel pentacycloundecane (PCU)-derived short peptides as potential HIV protease inhibitors. 1H and 13C spectral analysis show major overlapping of methine resonance of the PCU 'cage' thereby making it extremely difficult to assign the NMR signals. Attachment of short peptides to the cage at position C-8/C-11 results in conformational differences of the peptide side chains due to diastereomeric interactions between the cage skeleton and the chiral side chains. The use of two-dimensional NMR techniques proved to be highly effective in the elucidation of such systems.
- Karpoormath, Rajshekhar,Onajole, Oluseye K.,Naicker, Tricia,Govender, Thavendran,Maguire, Glenn E.M.,Kruger, Hendrik G.
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scheme or table
p. 108 - 114
(2012/08/07)
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- A novel method for synthesizing N-alkoxycarbonyl aryl α-imino esters and their applications in enantioselective transformations
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A new strategy for the synthesis of N-alkoxycarbonyl aryl α-imino esters in the presence of dirhodium tetraacetate [Rh2(OAc) 4] is reported to produce the desired compounds in high yield (up to 96%) under mild reaction conditions. The application of the synthetic method is demonstrated in enantioselective reduction and Friedel-Crafts reaction of indoles to afford the corresponding chiral arylglycines and indole derivatives, respectively, in high yield and excellent ee. Copyright
- Qian, Yu,Jing, Changcheng,Zhai, Changwei,Hu, Wen-Hao
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supporting information; scheme or table
p. 301 - 307
(2012/04/04)
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- Simple methodology for the preparation of amino alcohols from amino acid esters using nabh4-methanol in THF
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Amino alcohols constitute a very useful and versatile class of organic compounds, with important applications in synthetic and medicinal chemistry. However, in most of the procedures described in the literature for the obtainment of these compounds, considerable limitations can be found, such as drastic conditions, long time reactions, poor yields, and purification problems. The present article describes a methodology that gives amino alcohols and N-protected amino alcohols based on the reduction of amino acid esters under mild conditions, employing NaBH4 in the presence of methanol. The reactions occurred in a short time (15-20min) and provide yields of 50-95%.
- Goncalves,Pinheiro,Da Silva,Da Costa,Kaiser,De Souza
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body text
p. 1276 - 1281
(2011/05/04)
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- Sandwich structure of a ruthenium porphyrin and an amino acid hydrazide for probing molecular chirality by circular dichroism
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Owing to the strong Lewis acidity of ruthenium porphyrins, a commercial carbonyl ruthenium porphyrin and an amino acid hydrazide can assemble into a sandwich structure. The nature of such a structure is diagnostic of the absolute configuration of the amino acid by circular dichroism.
- Liang, Qing-Feng,Liu, Juan-Juan,Chen, Jian
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experimental part
p. 3987 - 3991
(2011/08/09)
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- Synthesis and extraction properties of some lariat ethers derived from the spontaneously resolved guaifenesin, 3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propane-1,2-diol
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Capable of spontaneous resolution rac-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propane-1,2-diol, guaifenesin 1 has been proposed as a cheap and readily available enantiopure precursor for the synthesis of nonracemic crown ethers having ligating OAr and OMe arms (lariat ethers). The crowns studied failed to form stable host/guest complexes with amine hydrochloride salts; the effective complexation was achieved using hexafluorophosphate salts. Moderate enantiomeric recognition of R*NH2·HPF6 was achieved with the lariat ethers 11c. As a whole, the enantioselectivity of the extraction is inversely related to the extractive power of the lariat ether. ARKAT-USA, Inc.
- Bredikhina, Zemfira A.,Eliseenkova, Rimma M.,Fayzullin, Robert R.,Novikova, Viktorina G.,Kharlamov, Sergey V.,Sharafutdinova, Dilyara R.,Latypov, Shamil K.,Bredikhin, Alexander A.
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experimental part
p. 16 - 32
(2011/09/21)
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- A SYNTHETIC CYCLIC DIPEPTIDE AND A PROCESS THEREOF
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The disclosure relates to preparation and self-assembly of aromatic cyclic dipeptide into one and two dimensional nano, meso and micro structures. The said structures of cyclic dipeptide can be electrospinned into threads, fabrics, suture, bandage materials. They are also useful in cell culturing, tissue culturing, drug delivery system, as composite materials, as inhibitors of fibrillization and in Biomedical research such as neurological regeneration and organ replacement studies.
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Page/Page column 18-19
(2011/06/11)
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- Enantiomeric resolution of α-amino acid derivatives on two diastereomeric chiral stationary phases based on chiral crown ethers incorporating two different chiral units
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Two diastereomeric chiral stationary phases (CSPs) were applied to the liquid chromatographic resolution of various racemic a-amino methyl esters, α-amino N,N-diethylamides and α-amino N-propylamides. The CSP incorporating (R)-3,3' -diphenyl-1,1' -binaphtyl and (R,R)-tartaric acid unit as chiral barriers did not show any chiral recognition. In contrast, the CSP incorporating (R)-3,3'-diphenyl-1,1'-binaphtyl and (S,S)-tartaric acid unit as chiral barriers was found to show excellent chiral recognition especially for the two enantiomers of a-amino N-propylamides. Some of a-amino methyl esters and α-amino N,N-diethylamides were also resolved on the CSP incorporating (R)-3,3'-diphenyl-1,1'-binaphtyl and (S,S)-tartaric acid unit. From these results it was concluded that the two chiral units composing the diastereomeric CSPs can show "matched" or "mismatched" effect on the chiral recognition according to their absolute stereochemistry.
- Kim, Hee Jin,Choi, Hee Jung,Cho, Yoon Jae,Hyun, Myung Ho
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body text
p. 1551 - 1554
(2010/10/20)
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