- Evaluation of Heterocyclic Carboxamides as Potential Efflux Pump Inhibitors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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The ability to rescue the activity of antimicrobials that are no longer effective against bacterial pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an attractive strategy to combat antimicrobial drug resistance. Herein, novel efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) demonstrating strong potentiation in combination with levofloxacin against wild-type P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 are presented. A structure activity relationship of aryl substituted heterocyclic carboxamides containing a pentane diamine side chain is described. Out of several classes of fused heterocyclic carboxamides, aryl indole carboxamide compound 6j (TXA01182) at 6.25 μg/mL showed 8-fold potentiation of levofloxacin. TXA01182 was found to have equally synergistic activities with other antimicrobial classes (monobactam, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamide and tetracyclines) against P. aeruginosa. Several biophysical and genetic studies rule out membrane disruption and support efflux inhibition as the mechanism of action (MOA) of TXA01182. TXA01182 was determined to lower the frequency of resistance (FoR) of the partner antimicrobials and enhance the killing kinetics of levofloxacin. Furthermore, TXA01182 demonstrated a synergistic effect with levofloxacin against several multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolates.
- Banerjee, Anamika,Cao, Yanlu,Datta, Pratik,Parhi, Ajit K.,Rosado-Lugo, Jesus D.,Sun, Yangsheng,Yuan, Yi,Zhang, Yongzheng
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- Synthesis of Indoles by Reductive Cyclization of Nitro Compounds Using Formate Esters as CO Surrogates
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Alkyl and aryl formate esters were evaluated as CO sources in the Pd- and Pd/Ru-catalyzed reductive cyclization of 2-nitrostyrenes to give indoles. Whereas the use of alkyl formates requires the presence of a ruthenium catalyst such as Ru3(CO)12, the reaction with phenyl formate can be performed by using a Pd/phenanthroline complex alone. Phenyl formate was found to be the most effective CO source and the desired products were obtained in excellent yields, often higher than those previously reported using pressurized CO. The reaction tolerates many functional groups, including sensitive ones like a free aldehydic group or a pendant pyrrole. Detailed experiments and kinetic studies allow to conclude that the activation of phenyl formate is base-catalyzed and that the metal doesn't play a role in the decarbonylation step. The reactions can be performed in a single thick-walled glass tube with as little as 0.2 mol-% palladium catalyst and even on a 2 g scale. The same protocol can be extended to other nitro compounds, affording different heterocycles.
- Ahmed Fouad, Manar,Ferretti, Francesco,Formenti, Dario,Milani, Fabio,Ragaini, Fabio
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p. 4876 - 4894
(2021/09/20)
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- THIENO[3,2-B] PYRROLE[3,2-D]PYRIDAZINONE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE AS PKM2 DERIVATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANCER, OBESITY AND DIABETES RELATED DISORDERS
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Described herein are compounds that regulate pyruvate kinase activity, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use thereof. These compounds are represented by Formula (I) wherein R2, L1-L2, U1-U7, m, ring A, and Q are as defined herein.
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Page/Page column 115
(2020/08/28)
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- A Bu4N[Fe(CO)3(NO)]-Catalyzed Hemetsberger–Knittel Indole Synthesis
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The nucleophilic Fe complex Bu4N[Fe(CO)3(NO)] (TBA[Fe]) catalyzes the direct intramolecular amination of aryl vinyl azides to give the corresponding indole derivatives in good to excellent yields.
- Baykal, Aslihan,Plietker, Bernd
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supporting information
(2020/02/20)
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- RHO-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITOR, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION COMPRISING THE SAME, AS WELL AS PREPARATION METHOD AND USE THEREOF
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The present invention relates to a Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor of Formula (I), a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, a preparation method thereof, and use thereof for the prevention or treatment of a disease mediated by the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK).
- -
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Paragraph 0211; 0212
(2019/01/11)
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- RHO-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITOR, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION COMPRISING THE SAME, AS WELL AS PREPARATION METHOD AND USE THEREOF
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The present invention relates to a Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor of Formula (I), a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, a preparation method thereof, and use thereof for the prevention or treatment of a disease mediated by the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK).
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Paragraph 0172; 0173
(2019/01/11)
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- HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AS PAD INHIBITORS
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Heterocyclic compounds of Formula (I), (II), and (III) are described herein along with their polymorphs, stereoisomers, prodrugs, solvates, co-crystals, intermediates, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and metabolites thereof. The compounds described herein, their polymorphs, stereoisomers, prodrugs, solvates, co-crystals, intermediates, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and metabolites thereof are PAD4 inhibitors and may be useful in the treatment of various disorders, for example rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosis, cutaneous lupus erythematosis, ulcerative colitis, cancer, cystic fibrosis, asthma, multiple sclerosis and psoriasis.
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Paragraph 000371
(2019/04/16)
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- THERAPEUTIC COMPOUNDS AND METHODS TO TREAT INFECTION
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Disclosed herein are compounds of formula (I), or a salt thereof and compositions comprising compounds of formula I that exhibit antibacterial activities, when tested alone and/or in combination with a bacterial efflux pump inhibitor. Also disclosed are methods of treating or preventing a bacterial infection in an animal comprising administering to the animal a compound of formula I alone or in combination with the administration of a bacterial efflux pump inhibitor.
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Page/Page column 81; 82
(2019/06/13)
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- Synthesis of N-Heterocycles by Reductive Cyclization of Nitro Compounds using Formate Esters as Carbon Monoxide Surrogates
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A series of alkyl and aryl formate esters were evaluated as CO sources in the Pd- and Pd/Ru-catalyzed reductive cyclization of substituted nitro compounds to afford heterocycles, especially indoles. Phenyl formate was found to be the most effective, and it allowed the desired products to be obtained in excellent yields, often higher than those previously reported with pressurized CO. Through detailed experiments and kinetic studies, we were able to discern between metal-catalyzed and base-mediated activation of phenyl formate and confirmed that just the base was effective in catalyzing its decarbonylation.
- Formenti, Dario,Ferretti, Francesco,Ragaini, Fabio
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p. 148 - 152
(2017/12/04)
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- INDOLE DERIVATIVES AS EFFLUX PUMP INHIBITORS
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Disclosed herein are compounds of formula (I): and salts thereof. Also disclosed are compositions comprising compounds of formula I and compounds of formula I for use in treating or preventing bacterial infections.
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Page/Page column 117-118
(2018/09/28)
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- ORGANIC COMPOUNDS TO TREAT HEPATITIS B VIRUS
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The disclosure relates to compositions comprising a HBV RNAi agent. In some embodiments, the HBV RNAi agent comprises a sense and an anti-sense strand, each strand being an 18-mer and the strands together forming a blunt-ended duplex, wherein the 3′ end of at least one strand terminates in a phosphate or modified internucleoside linker and further comprises, in 5′ to 3′ order: a spacer; a second phosphate or modified internucleoside linker; and a 3′ end cap. In some embodiments, the 3′ end of both the sense and anti-sense strand further comprise, in 5′ to 3′ order: a spacer; a second phosphate or modified internucleoside linker; and a 3′ end cap. The two strands can have the same or different spacers, phosphates or modified internucleoside linkers, and/or 3′ end caps. The strands can be ribonucleotides, or, optionally, one or more nucleotide can be modified or substituted. Optionally, at least one nucleotide comprises a modified internucleoside linker. Optionally, the RNAi agent can be modified on one or both 5′ end. Optionally, the sense strand can comprise a 5′ end cap which reduces the amount of the RNA interference mediated by this strand. Optionally, the RNAi agent is attached to a ligand. This format can be used to devise RNAi agents to a variety of different targets and sequences. The disclosure also relates to processes for making such compositions, and methods and uses of such compositions, e.g., to mediate RNA interference. The disclosure also pertains to methods of treating, ameliorating and preventing HBV in a patient involving the step of administering to the patient a therapeutic amount of a HBV RNAi agent.
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Paragraph 0602; 0603
(2016/08/17)
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- A porous metal-organic cage constructed from dirhodium paddle-wheels: Synthesis, structure and catalysis
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Self-assembly of dirhodium(ii) tetraacetate (Rh2(OAc)4) with a dicarboxylic acid 3,3′-(1,3-phenylenebis(ethyne-2,1-diyl))dibenzoic acid (H2pbeddb) gives rise to a metal-organic cage (MOC) containing Rh-Rh bonds with the formula of [Rh4(pbeddb)4(H2O)2(DMAC)2] (MOC-Rh-1). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that MOC-Rh-1 shows a lantern-type cage structure, in which a pair of Rh2(CO2)4 paddlewheels is linked by four diacid ligands. The dimensions of the inner cavity of MOC-Rh-1 are 9.5 × 14.8 ?2 (atom-to-atom distances across opposite metal and phenyl groups of pbeddb2-). In the solid phase, the cages are aligned by π-π stacking to form one-dimensional channels (9.5 × 11.1 ?2) through cage windows. Therefore, the crystalline samples of MOC-Rh-1 are porous with the inner and outer cavities of the cages accessible under the heterogeneous condition. MOC-Rh-1 has been fully characterized by EA, TGA, PXRD, IR, UV-vis and XPS measurements. The catalytic tests disclose that activated MOC-Rh-1 is effective in the intramolecular C-H amination of vinyl, dienyl and biaryl azides, leading to the formation of indoles, pyrroles and carbazoles, respectively, and the porous catalyst can be recycled easily and used for at least nine runs without significant loss of activity. In the nine runs, the conversions were in the range of 93-99%, whereas in the tenth run, the conversion was reduced to 78%.
- Chen, Lianfen,Yang, Tao,Cui, Hao,Cai, Tao,Zhang, Li,Su, Cheng-Yong
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supporting information
p. 20201 - 20209
(2015/10/19)
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- 3'END CAPS FOR RNAi AGENTS FOR USE IN RNA INTERFERENCE
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The disclosure relates to novel compounds and compositions comprising a RNAi agent comprising a novel compound as a 3' end cap. The disclosure also relates to processes for making such compositions, and methods and uses of such compositions, e.g., to mediate RNA interference.
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Page/Page column 159
(2015/04/22)
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- Enantioselective Borylative Dearomatization of Indoles through Copper(I) Catalysis
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The enantioselective borylative dearomatization of a heteroaromatic compound has been achieved using a copper(I) catalyst and a diboron reagent. This reaction involves the regio- and enantioselective addition of active borylcopper(I) species to indole-2-carboxylates, followed by the diastereoselective protonation of the resulting copper(I) enolate to give the corresponding chiral indolines, which bear consecutive stereogenic centers.
- Kubota, Koji,Hayama, Keiichi,Iwamoto, Hiroaki,Ito, Hajime
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supporting information
p. 8809 - 8813
(2015/11/27)
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- CuI-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of 3-(2-aminophenyl)-2- bromoacrylate: Synthesis of 2-carboxyindoles
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A new approach was described for the synthesis of substituted 2-carboxyindole using 3-(2-aminophenyl)-2-bromo-acrylates through a CuI-catalyzed intramolecular coupling. The reactions were mild, rapid and with good to excellent yields.
- Xiao, Xiong,Chen, Tian-Qi,Ren, Jiangmeng,Chen, Wei-Dong,Zeng, Bu-Bing
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p. 2056 - 2060
(2014/04/03)
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- Synthesis of chromeno[3,4-b]indoles as Lamellarin D analogues: A novel DYRK1A inhibitor class
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A library of substituted chromeno[3,4-b]indoles was developed as Lamellarin isosters. Synthesis was achieved from indoles after a four-step pathway sequence involving C-3 iodination, a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction, and a one pot deprotection/lactonisation step. Twenty final compounds were tested in order to determine their activity against topoisomerase I and kinases, the two major biological activities of Lamellarins. One newly synthesized derivative exhibited a strong topoisomerase activity comparable to reference compounds such as campthotecin and Lamellarin with only a weak kinase inhibition. Two other lead compounds were identified as new nanomolar DYRK1A inhibitors and several other drugs affected the kinases in the sub-micromolar range. These results will enable us to use the chromeno[3,4-b]indole as a pharmacophore to develop potent treatments for neurological or oncological disorders in which DYRK1A is fully involved.
- Neagoie, Cleopatra,Vedrenne, Emeline,Buron, Frédéric,Mérour, Jean-Yves,Rosca, Sorin,Bourg, Stéphane,Lozach, Olivier,Meijer, Laurent,Baldeyrou, Brigitte,Lansiaux, Amelie,Routier, Sylvain
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experimental part
p. 379 - 396
(2012/04/10)
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- [Fe(F20TPP)Cl] catalyzed intramolecular C-N bond formation for alkaloid synthesis using aryl azides as nitrogen source
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The syntheses of alkaloids including indoles, indolines, tetrahydroquinolines, dihydroquinazolinones and quinazolinones have been accomplished in moderate to excellent yields via [Fe(F20TPP)Cl] catalyzed intramolecular C-N bond formation using aryl azides as nitrogen source.
- Liu, Yungen,Wei, Jinhu,Che, Chi-Ming
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 6926 - 6928
(2010/11/16)
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- COMPOUNDS AND METHODS FOR MODULATING FXR
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Compounds of formula. wherein variables are as defined herein and their pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use are disclosed as useful for treating dyslipidemia and related diseases.
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Page/Page column 15
(2008/06/13)
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- Intramolecular C-H amination reactions: Exploitation of the Rh 2(II)-catalyzed decomposition of azidoacrylates
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Rhodium(II) perfluorobutyrate-mediated decomposition of vinyl azides provides a new, mild entry into Rh2(II) nitrenoid chemistry. This methodology allows rapid access to a variety of complex, functionalized N-heterocycles in two steps from commercially available starting materials. Copyright
- Stokes, Benjamin J.,Dong, Huijun,Leslie, Brooke E.,Pumphrey, Ashley L.,Driver, Tom G.
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p. 7500 - 7501
(2008/02/09)
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