38861-88-0Relevant articles and documents
Abiotic degradation and environmental toxicity of ibuprofen: Roles of mineral particles and solar radiation
Rubasinghege, Gayan,Gurung, Rubi,Rijal, Hom,Maldonado-Torres, Sabino,Chan, Andrew,Acharya, Shishir,Rogelj, Snezna,Piyasena, Menake
, p. 22 - 32 (2017/12/26)
The growing medical and personal needs of human populations have escalated release of pharmaceuticals and personal care products into our natural environment. This work investigates abiotic degradation pathways of a particular PPCP, ibuprofen, in the presence of a major mineral component of soil (kaolinite clay), as well as the health effects of the primary compound and its degradation products. Results from these studies showed that the rate and extent of ibuprofen degradation is greatly influenced by the presence of clay particles and solar radiation. In the absence of solar radiation, the dominant reaction mechanism was observed to be the adsorption of ibuprofen onto clay surface where surface silanol groups play a key role. In contrast, under solar radiation and in the presence of clay particles, ibuprofen breaks down to several fractions. The decay rates were at least 6-fold higher for irradiated samples compared to those of dark conditions. Toxicity of primary ibuprofen and its secondary residues were tested on three microorganisms: Bacillus megaterium, Pseudoaltermonas atlantica; and algae from the Chlorella genus. The results from the biological assays show that primary PPCP is more toxic than the mixture of secondary products. Overall, however, biological assays carried out using only 4-acetylbenzoic acid, the most abundant secondary product, show a higher toxic effect on algae compared to its parent compound.
Investigations in sono-enzymatic degradation of ibuprofen
Chakma, Sankar,Moholkar, Vijayanand S.
, p. 485 - 494 (2015/11/24)
The drug ibuprofen (IBP) appears frequently in the wastewater discharge from pharmaceutical industries. This paper reports studies in degradation of IBP employing hybrid technique of sono-enzymatic treatment. This paper also establishes synergy between individual mechanisms of enzyme and sonolysis for IBP degradation by identification of degradation intermediates, and Arrhenius & thermodynamic analysis of the experimental data. Positive synergy between sonolysis and enzyme treatment is attributed to formation of hydrophilic intermediates during degradation. These intermediates form due to hydroxylation and oxidation reactions induced by radicals formed during transient cavitation. Activation energy and enthalpy change in sono-enzymatic treatment are lower as compared to enzyme treatment, while frequency factor and entropy change are higher as compared to sonolysis. Degradation of IBP in sono-enzymatic treatment is revealed to be comparable with other hybrid techniques like photo-Fenton, sono-photocatalysis, and sono-Fenton.
Inclusion complex containing epoxy resin composition for semiconductor encapsulation
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, (2014/03/21)
The invention is an epoxy resin composition for sealing a semiconductor, including (A) an epoxy resin and (B) a clathrate complex. The clathrate complex is one of (b1) an aromatic carboxylic acid compound, and (b2) at least one imidazole compound represented by formula (II): wherein R2 represents a hydrogen atom, C1-C10 alkyl group, phenyl group, benzyl group or cyanoethyl group, and R3 to R5 represent a hydrogen atom, nitro group, halogen atom, C1-C20 alkyl group, phenyl group, benzyl group, hydroxymethyl group or C1-C20 acyl group. The composition has improved storage stability, retains flowability when sealing, and achieves an effective curing rate applicable for sealing delicate semiconductors.
First iodine-catalyzed deallylation of reactive allyl methylene esters
Nawghare, Beena R.,Lokhande, Pradeep D.
, p. 1955 - 1963 (2013/06/05)
C-Allyl cleavage has been developed using the inexpensive and mild reagent iodine in dimethylsulfoxide. A variety of compounds with active methylene groups were C-deallylated using this reagent. This method is efficient and operationally simple in comparison to the methods using transition-metal complexes. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications to view the free supplemental file.
A new synthetic method for para alkylation of benzoic acids using metallic strontium and alkyl iodide
Miyoshi, Norikazu,Matsuo, Tsuyoshi,Mori, Mariko,Matsui, Aki,Kikuchi, Makoto,Wada, Makoto,Hayashi, Masahiko
experimental part, p. 996 - 997 (2012/09/22)
Aromatic carboxylic acids reacted with metallic strontium and alkyl iodides to give para alkylated products preferentially in moderate to good yields. Copyright
Direct B-alkyl Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of trialkyl-boranes with aryl bromides in the presence of unmasked acidic or basic functions and base-labile protections under mild non-aqueous conditions
Wang, Bing,Sun, Hui-Xia,Sun, Zhi-Hua,Lin, Guo-Qiang
experimental part, p. 415 - 422 (2009/10/23)
An efficient and chemoselective palladium-catalyzed direct B-alkyl Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of trialkylboranes with diversely functionalized aryl bromides is described. A wide variety of unmasked acidic or basic functions are tolerated. The mild non-
INHIBITORS OF FUNGAL INVASION
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Drawing sheet 78, (2010/02/09)
This invention relates to various anti-fungall agents including agents that are inhibitors of fungal invasion.
Re2O7-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond cleavage of ketones into carboxylic acids with aq. TBHP
Gurunath,Sudalai
, p. 559 - 560 (2007/10/03)
A mild and efficient catalytic method for the C-C bond cleavage of ketones to corresponding carboxylic acids in good yields is described using a catalytic amount of Re2O7 and 70% tert. butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidant.
Reduction of olefins on solid support using diimide
Lacombe, Patrick,Castagner, Bastien,Gareau, Yves,Ruel, Rejean
, p. 6785 - 6786 (2007/10/03)
The reduction of solid supported olefinic substrate using diimide is described. The diimide, prepared from sulfonylhydrazide, was found to efficiently reduce the olefinic substrates. Typically, the reaction proceeds in over 90% yield to afford the reduction product cleanly after cleavage from the Wang resin.
Acylamino-substituted hetrazepines
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, (2008/06/13)
A hetrazepine of the formula given below and a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the hetrazepine and a pharmaceutically acceptable inert carrier are disclosed and are useful in treating disease in a warm-blooded animal induced by endogenously formed PAF; STR1 wherein the substituents are defined herein.