- A METHOD FOR PRODUCING VINYLCYCLOALKANES COMPOUNDS
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The present invention relates to a method for producing vinylcycloalkanes compounds represented by the general formula (5) highly selectively and economically, which comprises hydrogenation and dehydration. Hydrogenation step: hydrogenating the compounds represented by the general formula (1) or/and (2) or/and (3) or/and (4) with hydrogen to prepare the corresponding primary or secondary alcohols in the presence of hydrogenation catalyst with min. 0.1 part by wight. Dehydration step: dehydrating the corresponding primary or secondary alcohols prepared by the above-mentioned hydrogenation step to prepare vinylcycloalkanes compounds represented by the general formula (5) in the presence of dehydration catalyst. R 1 -CH2-CH2-OH (1) Wherein R 1 of the general formula (1)~(4) is hydrocarbyl (hydrocarbon functional group) having aromatic rings. R 2 -CH=CH2(5) Wherein R 2 of the general formula (5) is cycloalkyl or cycloalkyl-substituted alkyl.
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Paragraph 0047; 0049
(2021/07/13)
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- Aromatic compound hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation method and application thereof
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The invention belongs to the technical field of medicines, and discloses an aromatic compound hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation method under mild conditions and application of the method in hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation reactions of the aromatic compounds and related mixtures. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: contacting the aromatic compound or a mixture containing the aromatic compound with a catalyst and hydrogen with proper pressure in a solvent under a proper temperature condition, and reacting the hydrogen, the solvent and the aromatic compound under the action of the catalyst to obtain a corresponding hydrogenation product or/and a hydrodeoxygenation product without an oxygen-containing substituent group. The invention also discloses specific implementation conditions of the method and an aromatic compound structure type applicable to the method. The hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation reaction method used in the invention has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, high hydrodeoxygenation efficiency, wide substrate applicability, convenient post-treatment, and good laboratory and industrial application prospects.
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Paragraph 0094-0095; 0114-0122
(2021/05/29)
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- HYDROGENATION OF CARBONYLS WITH TETRADENTATE PNNP LIGAND RUTHENIUM COMPLEXES
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The present invention relates to catalytic hydrogenation processes, using Ru complexes with tetradentate ligands of formula L in hydrogenation processes for the reduction of ketone, aldehyde, ester or lactone into the corresponding alcohol or diol respectively. The described processes use a ruthenium complex of the formula (1) as defined below, and where the ligand (L) is defined by the Markush formula shown above.
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Page/Page column 27; 35
(2019/10/04)
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- Carbon chain shape selectivity by the mouse olfactory receptor OR-I7
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The rodent OR-I7 is an olfactory receptor exemplar activated by aliphatic aldehydes such as octanal. Normal alkanals shorter than heptanal bind OR-I7 without activating it and hence function as antagonists in vitro. We report a series of aldehydes designed to probe the structural requirements for aliphatic ligand chains too short to meet the minimum approximate 6.9 ? length requirement for receptor activation. Experiments using recombinant mouse OR-I7 expressed in heterologous cells show that in the context of short aldehyde antagonists, OR-I7 prefers binding aliphatic chains without branches, though a single methyl on carbon-3 is permitted. The receptor can accommodate a surprisingly large number of carbons (e.g. ten in adamantyl) as long as the carbons are part of a conformationally constrained ring system. A rhodopsin-based homology model of mouse OR-I7 docked with the new antagonists suggests that small alkyl branches on the alkyl chain sterically interfere with the hydrophobic residues lining the binding site, but branch carbons can be accommodated when tied back into a compact ring system like the adamantyl and bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl systems.
- Liu, Min Ting,Ho, Jianghai,Liu, Jason Karl,Purakait, Radhanath,Morzan, Uriel N.,Ahmed, Lucky,Batista, Victor S.,Matsunami, Hiroaki,Ryan, Kevin
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supporting information
p. 2541 - 2548
(2018/04/12)
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- Visible-Light-Mediated Aerobic Oxidation of Organoboron Compounds Using in Situ Generated Hydrogen Peroxide
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A simple and general visible-light-mediated oxidation of organoboron compounds has been developed with rose bengal as the photocatalyst, substoichiometric Et3N as the electron donor, as well as air as the oxidant. This mild and metal-free protocol shows a broad substrate scope and provides a wide range of aliphatic alcohols and phenols in moderate to excellent yields. Notably, the robustness of this method is demonstrated on the stereospecific aerobic oxidation of organoboron compounds.
- Weng, Wei-Zhi,Liang, Hao,Zhang, Bo
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supporting information
p. 4979 - 4983
(2018/08/24)
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- Ruthenium-Catalyzed Deoxygenative Hydroboration of Carboxylic Acids
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An efficient deoxygenative hydroboration of carboxylic acids to alkyl boronate esters under mild reaction condition is reported. Both aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids exhibited excellent reactivities with minimal catalyst load of 0.1 mol% and reactions occurred under neat conditions. This catalytic transformation selectively provides alkyl boronate esters, which can be conveniently hydrolyzed to obtain the corresponding alcohols. Remarkably, this reduction reaction proceeds with the liberation of molecular hydrogen.
- Kisan, Sesha,Krishnakumar, Varadhan,Gunanathan, Chidambaram
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p. 4772 - 4776
(2018/06/08)
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- Palladium-Catalyzed Reductive Insertion of Alcohols into Aryl Ether Bonds
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Palladium on carbon catalyzes C?O bond cleavage of aryl ethers (diphenyl ether and cyclohexyl phenyl ether) by alcohols (R?OH) in H2. The aromatic C?O bond is cleaved by reductive solvolysis, which is initiated by Pd-catalyzed partial hydrogenation of one phenyl ring to form an enol ether. The enol ether reacts rapidly with alcohols to form a ketal, which generates 1-cyclohexenyl?O?R by eliminating phenol or an alkanol. Subsequent hydrogenation leads to cyclohexyl?O?R.
- Wang, Meng,Gutiérrez, Oliver Y.,Camaioni, Donald M.,Lercher, Johannes A.
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supporting information
p. 3747 - 3751
(2018/03/21)
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- Robust cobalt oxide catalysts for controllable hydrogenation of carboxylic acids to alcohols
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The selective catalytic hydrogenation of carboxylic acids is an important process for alcohol production, while efficient heterogeneous catalyst systems are still being explored. Here, we report the selective hydrogenation of carboxylic acids using earth-abundant cobalt oxides through a reaction-controlled catalysis process. The further reaction of the alcohols is completely hindered by the presence of carboxylic acids in the reaction system. The partial reduction of cobalt oxides by hydrogen at designated temperatures can dramatically enhance the catalytic activity of pristine samples. A wide range of carboxylic acids with a variety of functional groups can be converted to the corresponding alcohols at a yield level applicable to large-scale production. Cobalt monoxide was established as the preferred active phase for the selective hydrogenation of carboxylic acids.
- Song, Song,Wang, Dong,Di, Lu,Wang, Chuanming,Dai, Weili,Wu, Guangjun,Guan, Naijia,Li, Landong
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p. 250 - 257
(2018/02/20)
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- Reductive fractionation of woody biomass into lignin monomers and cellulose by tandem metal triflate and Pd/C catalysis
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A catalytic process for the upgrading of woody biomass into mono-aromatics, hemi-cellulose sugars and a solid cellulose-rich carbohydrate residue is presented. Lignin fragments are extracted from the lignocellulosic matrix by cleavage of ester and ether linkages between lignin and carbohydrates by the catalytic action of homogeneous Lewis acid metal triflates in methanol. The released lignin fragments are converted into lignin monomers by the combined catalytic action of Pd/C and metal triflates in hydrogen. The mechanism of ether bond cleavage is investigated by lignin dimer models (benzyl phenyl ether, guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether, 2-phenylethyl phenyl ether and 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanol). Metal triflates are involved in cleaving not only ester and ether linkages between lignin and the carbohydrates but also β-O-4 ether linkages within the aromatic lignin structure. Metal triflates are more active for β-O-4 ether bond cleavage than Pd/C. On the other hand, Pd/C is required for cleaving α-O-4, 4-O-5 and β-β linkages. Insight into the synergy between Pd/C and metal triflates allowed optimizing the reductive fractionation process. Under optimized conditions, 55 wt% mono-aromatics-mainly alkylmethoxyphenols-can be obtained from the lignin fraction (23.8 wt%) of birch wood in a reaction system comprising birch wood, methanol and small amounts of Pd/C and Al(III)-triflate as catalysts. The promise of scale-up of this process is demonstrated.
- Huang, Xiaoming,Morales Gonzalez, Olivia M.,Zhu, Jiadong,Korányi, Tamás I.,Boot, Michael D.,Hensen, Emiel J. M.
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p. 175 - 187
(2017/01/24)
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- One-Carbon Homologation of Primary Alcohols and the Reductive Homologation of Aldehydes Involving a Jocic-Type Reaction
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(Trichloromethyl)carbinols, which are formed in one operation from either alcohols or aldehydes, can be converted into primary alcohols in a Jocic-type reaction involving LiBH4. The net result is a convenient two-step, one-carbon homologation of primary alcohols or a reductive one-carbon homologation of aldehydes featuring a broad substrate scope. The method is step-economical, and it nicely complements established one-carbon homologation strategies. (Trichloromethyl)carbinols, which are formed in one operation from either alcohols or aldehydes, can be converted into primary alcohols in a Jocic-type reaction involving LiBH4. The net result is a convenient two-step, one-carbon homologation of primary alcohols or a reductive one-carbon homologation of aldehydes featuring a broad substrate scope.
- Li, Zhexi,Gupta, Manoj K.,Snowden, Timothy S.
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p. 7009 - 7019
(2015/11/16)
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- Aromatic Monomers by in Situ Conversion of Reactive Intermediates in the Acid-Catalyzed Depolymerization of Lignin
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Conversion of lignin into well-defined aromatic chemicals is a highly attractive goal but is often hampered by recondensation of the formed fragments, especially in acidolysis. Here, we describe new strategies that markedly suppress such undesired pathways to result in diverse aromatic compounds previously not systematically targeted from lignin. Model studies established that a catalytic amount of triflic acid is very effective in cleaving the β-O-4 linkage, most abundant in lignin. An aldehyde product was identified as the main cause of side reactions under cleavage conditions. Capturing this unstable compound by reaction with diols and by in situ catalytic hydrogenation or decarbonylation lead to three distinct groups of aromatic compounds in high yields acetals, ethanol and ethyl aromatics, and methyl aromatics. Notably, the same product groups were obtained when these approaches were successfully extended to lignin. In addition, the formation of higher molecular weight side products was markedly suppressed, indicating that the aldehyde intermediates play a significant role in these processes. The described strategy has the potential to be generally applicable for the production of interesting aromatic compounds from lignin.
- Deuss, Peter J.,Scott, Martin,Tran, Fanny,Westwood, Nicholas J.,De Vries, Johannes G.,Barta, Katalin
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supporting information
p. 7456 - 7467
(2015/06/30)
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- Hydrogenation and cleavage of the C-O bonds in the lignin model compound phenethyl phenyl ether over a nickel-based catalyst
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Phenethyl phenyl ether (PPE) was selected as a typical lignin model compound and hydrogenated and cleaved over two readily accessible nickel-based catalysts, which could be easily separated from the product mixture. The results revealed that the reduction of the nickel catalyst with gaseous hydrogen produced a species capable of achieving higher activity towards C-O-C bond cleavage compared to the Ru/C and Pd/C catalysts. The selectivity of the C-O-C bond cleavage over the Ni/C catalyst was 85%, and higher than the corresponding values in the Ru/C (40%) and Pd/C (69%) systems. Using the carbothermal reduction method for the production of the Ni/C-C catalyst, the conversion and selectivity levels reached 99%, with 40% of the benzene rings in PPE being reserved. In comparison, no benzene ring containing products wer observed over the noble metal catalysts. This difference was attributed to the interaction between the carbon support and the nickel nanoparticles.
- Song, Qi,Cai, Jiaying,Zhang, Junjie,Yu, Weiqiang,Wang, Feng,Xu, Jie
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p. 651 - 658
(2013/07/11)
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- Microwave-assisted synthesis of 5-substituted 2-aminothiophenes starting from arylacetaldehydes
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An easy three-step pathway for the synthesis of arylacet-aldehydes from the corresponding carboxylic acids in very high yields is described. Their use as precursors of 5-substituted-2-aminothiophenes is illustrated via a microwave-assisted Gewald reaction. This method allows obtaining the expected compounds in a shorter time and with better yields and purities than the classical procedures. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart - New York.
- Revelant, Germain,Dunand, Sandrine,Hesse, Stephanie,Kirsch, Gilbert
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experimental part
p. 2935 - 2940
(2011/11/01)
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- Heterogeneous thiocyanation of benzylic alcohols and silyl and THP ethers, and deprotection of silyl and THP-ethers by [PCl3-n(SiO 2)n] (silphos)
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Silicaphosphite (silphos), [PCl3-n(SiO2) n], as a heterogeneous phosphorous compound, catalyzes the thiocyanation of benzylic alcohols and silyl and THP ethers in the presence of I2 and NH4SCN in refluxing CH3CN. The produced silphos oxide byproduct can be easily separated by a simple filtration. Silphos is also used for the efficient and selective deprotection of silyl and THP-ethers to their corresponding alcohols. Copyright
- Iranpoor,Firouzabadi,Bahador,Jamalian
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experimental part
p. 1972 - 1978
(2010/11/16)
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- Green and efficient procedure for the trimethylsilylation of hydroxy groups and their regeneration using sulfamic acid as recyclable catalyst
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Structurally diverse alcohols and phenols were efficiently transformed into their corresponding trimethylsilyl ethers with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) in the presence of catalytic amounts of sulfamic acid (SA) at room temperature under both acetonitrile and solvent-free conditions. Deprotection of these trimethylsilyl ethers to their parent alcohols and phenols was also achieved using this catalyst in water at room temperature. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Rostami, Amin,Ahmad-Jangi, Firoz,Zarebin, Mohammad Rezgar,Akradi, Jamal
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experimental part
p. 1500 - 1507
(2010/07/15)
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- Aqueous phase hydrogenation of substituted phenyls over carbon nanofibre and activated carbon supported Pd
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The hydrogenation of aromatic acids and other substituted phenyls has been studied for two palladium-based catalysts; one supported on carbon nanofibres (CNFs) and the other on a steam-activated carbon. The reactions were conducted in both aqueous solution and aprotic organic solvents. The major product over both catalysts was the same irrespective of the substrate indicating that support characteristics and Pd dispersion play at most only a minor role in defining the reaction pathway. The key factor in determining the major reaction product resulting from either preferential hydrogenation of the aromatic ring, or reaction of the external functional group, was the extent to which the external group interacted with water molecules which acted in some cases to protect the external function from interaction with the metal surface and induced selective reduction of the aromatic ring.
- Anderson,Athawale,Imrie,McKenna,McCue,Molyneux,Power,Shand,Wells
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experimental part
p. 9 - 15
(2010/06/12)
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- The active role of NHC ligands in platinum-mediated tandem hydroboration-cross coupling reactions
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Stable N-heterocyclic platinum-carbene complexes are the first example of platinum-mediated regioselective H-B addition to vinylarenes and alkynes, allowing consecutive cross coupling reactions with the same catalytic system. The Royal Society of Chemistry.
- Lillo, Vanesa,Mata, Jose A.,Segarra, Anna M.,Peris, Eduardo,Fernandez, Elena
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p. 2184 - 2186
(2008/02/08)
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- Reduction of carboxylic acid derivatives using diphenylsilane in the presence of a Rh-PPh3 complex
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Reductions of carboxylic acid derivatives by silanes in the presence of rhodium complexes were studied. Carboxylic esters were reduced to alcohols by diphenylsilane catalyzed by [RhCl(cod)]2/4PPh3 or [RhCl(PPh3)3] at room temperature in up to 99% yields. For example, ethyl decanoate and ethyl phenylacetate were converted to decanol and 2-phenylethanol in 98 and 92% yields, respectively. Carboxylic acids were also reduced by this reducing system to the corresponding alcohols in high yields. Furthermore, N-monosubstituted amides were reduced to secondary amines in moderate to good yields. For sterically hindered amides, the yields were moderate, and imines were produced in competitive yields.
- Ohta, Tetsuo,Kamiya, Masahiro,Nobutomo, Mami,Kusui, Keisuke,Furukawa, Isao
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p. 1856 - 1861
(2007/10/03)
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- Hexafluoroisopropanol: A powerful solvent for the hydrogenation of functionalized aromatic compounds
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Various substituted aromatic compounds have been reduced under H 2 using RuCl3. The fluorous solvent hexafluoroisopropanol turned out to be particularly efficient in the case of compounds difficult to reduce in organic solvents.
- Fache, Fabienne,Piva, Olivier
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p. 1294 - 1296
(2007/10/03)
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- Arene Hydrogenation with a Stabilised Aqueous Rhodium(0) Suspension: A Major Effect of the Surfactant Counter-Anion
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A reduced aqueous colloidal suspension of rhodium shows an efficient activity in the catalytic hydrogenation of various benzene derivatives under biphasic conditions at room temperature and under atmospheric hydrogen pressure. The rhodium nanoparticles in the size range of 2-2.5 nm have been synthesised by reducing RhCl3 · 3 H2O with sodium borohydride and were stabilised by highly water-soluble N,N-dimethyl-N-cetyl-N-(2- hydroxyethyl)ammonium salts (HEA16X, X = Br, Cl, I, CH3SO 3, BF4). The major influence of the counter-ion of these surfactants on catalytic activity and recycling is described. The best results have been obtained with chloride ammonium salts HEA16Cl.
- Roucoux, Alain,Schulz, Jürgen,Patin, Henri
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p. 222 - 229
(2007/10/03)
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- A novel hydrogen transfer hydroalumination of alkenes with triisobutylaluminum catalyzed by Pd and other late transition metal complexes
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Hydrogen transfer hydroalumination of terminal alkenes and dienes can be achieved with 1.1 equiv. of (i-Bu)3Al and catalytic amounts of Cl2Pd(PPh3)2 and other late transition metal complexes containing Co, Rh, Ni, and Pt at ambient temperature in high yields.
- Gagneur, Sebastien,Makabe, Hidefumi,Negishi, Ei-Ichi
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p. 785 - 787
(2007/10/03)
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- A new method for the synthesis of α-thio aldehydes and alcohols from aldehydes with one-carbon elongation
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A two-step and high-yield method for the synthesis of α-thio aldehydes from aldehydes with one-carbon elongation is realized by using chloromethyl phenyl sulfoxide as a one-carbon homologating agent. The α-thio aldehydes are easily converted to desulfurized alcohols with Bu3SnH and AIBN in refluxing benzene in good yield. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
- Satoh, Tsuyoshi,Kubota, Ko-Ichi
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p. 2121 - 2124
(2007/10/03)
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- Regiospecific reduction of oxetanes with lithium under aprotic conditions
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Substituted oxetanes have been found to give exclusively terminal alcohols by regiospecific ring-opening with lithium and biphenyl (cat.) in THF at reflux. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
- Rama,Pasha
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p. 1073 - 1074
(2007/10/03)
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- A simple procedure for hydroboration using tetrabutylammonium borohydride
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Tetrabutylammonium borohydride hydroborates unsaturated systems in refluxing chloroform. With eneynes, selectivity is observed for terminal unsaturation. However, selectivity is not observed with dienes.
- Narasimhan, S.,Swarnalakshmi, S.,Balakumar, R.
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p. 1189 - 1190
(2007/10/03)
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- A short and efficient enantioselective synthesis of cyclohexylnorstatine, a key component of a renin inhibitor
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A catalytic asymmetric synthesis of ethyl (2R,35)-N-(p- toluenesulfonyl)-3-amino-4-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxybutyrate 7 in 96% ee from cheaply available cyclohexanone is described employing Sharpless asymmetric aminohydroxylation as the key step.
- Upadhya,Sudalai
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p. 3685 - 3689
(2007/10/03)
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- A mild, convenient, Non-Acidic conversion of enol ethers into alcohols using Hg(OAc)2 - NaBH4
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Alkyl enol ethers can be converted into the corresponding alcohols in good to excellent yields by treatment with aqueous Hg(OAc)2 - NaBH4 in one reaction flask. This method is sufficiently mild to allow the survival of acid-sensitive groups such as silyl ethers, THP-protected alcohols and N-Boc-protected amines.
- Crouch, R. David,Mitten, Jeffrey V.,Span, Amelia R.,Dai, H. George
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p. 791 - 794
(2007/10/03)
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- Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of 1-Alkenes Catalyzed by Palladium-MOP
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Asymmetric hydrosilylation of simple terminal alkenes (RCH=CH2) with trichlorosilane at 40 deg C in the presence of 1*10-3 or 1*10-4 molar amounts of palladium catalyst prepared in situ from 3-C3H5)>2 and (S)-2-diphenylphosphino-2'-methoxy-1,1'-binaphthyl ((S)-MeO-MOP) proceeded with unusual regioselectivity and with high enantioselectivity to give high yields of 2-(trichlorosilyl)alkanes together with a minor amount of 1-(trichlorosilyl)alkanes.Optically active alcohols, RCH(OH)CH3, were obtained by oxidation of the carbon-silicon bond.Regioselectivities for forming 2-silylalkanes over 1-silylalkanes and enantiomeric purities of alcohols are as follows: R=n-C4H9: 89/11, 94percent ee (R).R=n-C6H13: 93/7, 95percent ee (R).R=n-C10H21: 94/6, 95percentee (R).R=PhCH2CH2: 81/19, 97percentee (S).R=PhCH2CH2CH2: 80/20, 92percent ee (R).R=cyclo-C6H11: 66/34, 96percent ee (R).A similar hydrosilylation of 1-alkenes, 4-pentenyl benzoate and 1,5-heptadiene gave corresponding 2-alkanols of 90percent ee and 87percent ee, respectively, the ester carbonyl and the internal double bond remaining intact.
- Uozumi, Yasuhiro,Kitayama, Kenji,Hayashi, Tamio,Yanagi, Kazunori,Fukuyo, Emiko
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p. 713 - 722
(2007/10/02)
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- Radical reactions in organoboron chemistry II - Inter- and intramolecular addition of carbon centered radicals to alkenylboranes
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The intermolecular addition of carbon centered radicals to alkenylboranes has been studied. The influence of the olefin and boron substituents on the reactivity and the regioselectivity was determined. Competitive experiments were carried out to estimate the relative reactivity of a series of vinylboranes and other electron deficient alkenes. Intramolecular versions of these additions were also described as well as some further transformations of selected adducts.
- Guennouni,Lhermitte,Cochard,Carboni
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p. 6999 - 7018
(2007/10/02)
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- A catalytic stereo- and chemo-selective method for the reduction of substituted aromatics
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Various substituted aromatics have been reduced using colloidal ruthenium under H2 pressure with good stereoselectivity (cis/trans up to 60). Interesting chemoselectivities are also observed.
- Fache,Lehuede,Lemaire
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p. 885 - 888
(2007/10/02)
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- Preparation of enantiomerically enriched bromohydrins by reaction of sulfoximinooxiranes with MgBr2 in the presence of tetra-butylammonium borohydride
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Treatment of enantiomerically pure N-tosylsulfoximinooxiranes 6 with MgBr2 in the presence of tetra-butylammonium borohydride gives enantiomerically enriched bromohydrins 3, together with small amounts of the simple primary alcohols. The bromohydrins are isolated in good yields with enantiomeric excess in the range 70% to 91 % (as assessed by enantioselective g.l.c.
- Bailey, Peter L.,Briggs, Andrew D.,Jackson, Richard F. W.,Pietruszka, Joerg
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p. 6611 - 6614
(2007/10/02)
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- FACILE HYDROGENATION OF AROMATIC NUCLEI WITH SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE-RHODIUM CHLORIDE IN HYDROXYLIC SOLVENTS
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Sodium borohydride-rhodium chloride in hydroxylic solvent was proved to be very useful for the reduction of aromatic nuclei to the corresponding saturated cycles under mild conditions.
- Nishiki, Mayumi,Miyataka, Hideki,Niino, Yasunori,Mitsuo, Naoki,Satoh, Toshio
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p. 193 - 196
(2007/10/02)
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- Cyclopropylmethyl Compounds as Probes of the Mechanism of Hydrogen Transfer by NAD(H) and Alcohol Dehydrogenase
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α-Hydroxyalkylcyclopropanes are oxidised by nicotinamid-dependent horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase without cleavage of the 3-membered ring, implying that radical intermediates are improbable in these reactions.
- MacInnes, Iain,Nonhebel, Derek C.,Orszulik, Stefan T.,Suckling, Colin J.
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p. 121 - 122
(2007/10/02)
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- A Novel Procedure for the Reduction of Epoxides with Sodium Borohydride
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Epoxides were reduced to alcohols in good to high yield with a reducing system of sodium borohydride-t-butyl alcohol-methanol.The system had an excellent functional group selectivity.
- Soai, Kenso,Ookawa, Atsuhiro,Oyamada, Hidekazu,Takase, Masako
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p. 1371 - 1374
(2007/10/02)
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- HOCHDRUCK-HOCHTEMPERATUR-REAKTIONEN IN EINEM STROEMUNGSREAKTOR-VI. THERMISCHE ADDITION VON ALKANEN AN ALKENE
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The thermal Anti-Markownikow-addition of alkanes to activated and desactivated alkenes ("direkte substituierende Addition", "Ane-reaction") at 650-723 K and reaction times of 1-10 min. is described.
- Metzger, Juergen,Hartmanns, Joerg,Koell, Peter
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p. 1891 - 1894
(2007/10/02)
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- PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF N-ACYLAZOLES. VI). PHOTOREACTIVITIES OF 1-ACYL-1,2,4-TRIAZOLES AND OF 2-ACYLTETRAZOLES
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Contrary to the findings in the photolysis of N-acylimidazoles (2) irradiation of 1-acyl-1,2,4-triazoles afforded no photo-Fries product, but instead products formed via the corresponding acyl radicals and aldehydes.Photolysis of 2-acyltetrazoles gave in part the same products as those obtained from the irradiation of the corresponding acyl-triazoles as well as 2-alkyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles.N-Acyltetrazoles didn't give any photo-Fries product neither.
- Murato, Kazuo,Yatsunami, Takashi,Iwasaki, Shigeo
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p. 588 - 605
(2007/10/02)
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- Synthesizing mixed hydride alkoxyderivatives of aluminum and alkaline-earth metals, and products obtained thereby
-
Mixed alkoxy-hydride derivatives of aluminum and alkaline-earth metals are disclosed having the formula which may be complexed with a Lewis base wherein M is an alkaline-earth metal, R is selected from an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and n is a number between 0.5 and 3.5. There is also disclosed a novel process for preparing said derivatives which are useful as reducing agents.
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