497-36-9Relevant articles and documents
276. Hydroboration and Oxymercuration of Some 1-Substituted Norborn-2-enes
Luef, Wolfgang,Voegeli, Ulrich-Christian,Keese, Reinhart
, p. 2729 - 2739 (1983)
The 1-substituted norborn-2-enes 11-13 and 18 react with electrophiles under kinetic control preferentially in 2-position.The regioselectivity in oxymercuration is higher than in hydroboration and reaction with aqueous palladium chloride.
Aliphatic hydroxylation catalyzed by iron(III) porphyrins
Traylor, Teddy G.,Hill, Kenneth W.,Fann, Wen-Pang,Tsuchiya, Shinji,Dunlap, Beth E.
, p. 1308 - 1312 (1992)
Hydroxylation of aliphatic hydrocarbons with oxidants such as iodosobenzene can be effectively catalyzed with highly halogenated iron(III) porphyrins such as iron(III) tetrakis(2,6-dichlorophenyl)octabromoporphyrin. Hydroxylation of norbornane and tetraexodeuterionorbornane using this catalyst afforded good yields of products which consisted of 86:13:3 and D4 exo and endo alcohols but only D3 ketone were obtained. The primary isotope effect is 5. These results show that the reaction involves loss of stereochemistry and has a large isotope effect; the results are in agreement with those from a previous study of the same compounds using the enzyme cytochrome P-450. As in that case, this hydroxylation proceeds through a free-radical cage process. The hemin catalysis leads to a loss of stereospecificity similar to that in the enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
Decomposition of endo- and exo-(2-Norbornyl)formyl m-Chlorobenzoyl Peroxides
Walling, Cheves,Humphreys, Robert R. W.,Sloan, John P.,Miller, Traci
, p. 5261 - 5263 (1981)
The subject peroxides undergo first-order decomposition in several solvents with rates increasing moderately with solvent polarity and endo/exo rates in a ratio of 1:10-100.Carboxyl inversion product, ROCOOCOAr, and other "polar" products are formed with no evidence for significant free-radical production.Products from an exo-peroxide have exclusively exo configurations, but carboxyl inversion product from endo peroxide contains small amounts of exo isomer.In acetic acid, 2-norbornyl acetate is a major product, with endo/exo ratio of 14:86 from the endo-peroxide.Optically active exo-peroxide in acetic acid gives exo-2-norbornyl acetate with 6percent net retention of configuration.The results are discussed in terms of successive ion pairs and carboxyl inversion product arising early on the reaction path and other products later.
Reduced Amino Acid Schiff Base-Iron(III) Complexes Catalyzing Oxidation of Cyclohexane with Hydrogen Peroxide
Zheng, Anna,Zhou, Qingqing,Ding, Bingjie,Li, Difan,Zhang, Tong,Hou, Zhenshan
, p. 3385 - 3395 (2021/08/23)
The reduced amino acid Schiff base ligands have been prepared and were coordinated with ferric chloride to generate the iron(III) complexes. The ligands and complexes have been characterized using FT-IR, UV-vis, elemental analysis, ICP-AES analysis, mass spectra etc. After the structural characterization, these complexes were applied for the oxidation of cyclohexane using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant under mild conditions. The activity tests showed that the L-phenylalanine-derived reduced Schiff base iron(III) complex(Ph?FeCl) afforded the highest yield of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone(total yield up to 23.2 %). Notably, the Ph?FeCl complex catalyzes the reaction via a heterogeneous approach, allowing the complex to be separated and recycled conveniently after the oxidation reaction. Besides, the Ph?FeCl catalyst can also be extended for the selective oxidation of other alkanes and aromatics into alcohols, ketones and phenols etc. Finally, the reaction mechanism of cyclohexane oxidation on the iron(III) complex was proposed as well by the free radical inhibitors and EPR study of active intermediates.
Liquid-phase oxidation of olefins with rare hydronium ion salt of dinuclear dioxido-vanadium(V) complexes and comparative catalytic studies with analogous copper complexes
Maurya, Abhishek,Haldar, Chanchal
, (2021/02/26)
Homogeneous liquid-phase oxidation of a number of aromatic and aliphatic olefins was examined using dinuclear anionic vanadium dioxido complexes [(VO2)2(salLH)]? (1) and [(VO2)2(NsalLH)]? (2) and dinuclear copper complexes [(CuCl)2(salLH)]? (3) and [(CuCl)2(NsalLH)]? (4) (reaction of carbohydrazide with salicylaldehyde and 4-diethylamino salicylaldehyde afforded Schiff-base ligands [salLH4] and [NsalLH4], respectively). Anionic vanadium and copper complexes 1, 2, 3, and 4 were isolated in the form of their hydronium ion salt, which is rare. The molecular structure of the hydronium ion salt of anionic dinuclear vanadium dioxido complex [(VO2)2(salLH)]? (1) was established through single-crystal X-ray analysis. The chemical and structural properties were studied using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, both dinuclear vanadium dioxido complexes were applied for the oxidation of a series of aromatic and aliphatic alkenes. High catalytic activity and efficiency were achieved using catalysts 1 and 2 in the oxidation of olefins. Alkenes with electron-donating groups make the oxidation processes easy. Thus, in general, aromatic olefins show better substrate conversion in comparison to the aliphatic olefins. Under optimized reaction conditions, both copper catalysts 3 and 4 fail to compete with the activity shown by their vanadium counterparts. Irrespective of olefins, metal (vanadium or copper) complexes of the ligand [salLH4] (I) show better substrate conversion(%) compared with the metal complexes of the ligand [NsalLH4] (II).
Chemoselective Cleavage of Si-C(sp3) Bonds in Unactivated Tetraalkylsilanes Using Iodine Tris(trifluoroacetate)
Matsuoka, Keitaro,Komami, Narumi,Kojima, Masahiro,Mita, Tsuyoshi,Suzuki, Kimichi,Maeda, Satoshi,Yoshino, Tatsuhiko,Matsunaga, Shigeki
supporting information, p. 103 - 108 (2021/01/13)
Organosilanes are synthetically useful reagents and precursors in organic chemistry. However, the typical inertness of unactivated Si-C(sp3) bonds under conventional reaction conditions has hampered the application of simple tetraalkylsilanes in organic synthesis. Herein we report the chemoselective cleavage of Si-C(sp3) bonds of unactivated tetraalkylsilanes using iodine tris(trifluoroacetate). The reaction proceeds smoothly under mild conditions (-50 °C to room temperature) and tolerates various polar functional groups, thus enabling subsequent Tamao-Fleming oxidation to provide the corresponding alcohols. NMR experiments and density functional theory calculations on the reaction indicate that the transfer of alkyl groups from Si to the I(III) center and the formation of the Si-O bond proceed concertedly to afford an alkyl-λ3-iodane and silyl trifluoroacetate. The developed method enables the use of unactivated tetraalkylsilanes as highly stable synthetic precursors.
Erbium-Catalyzed Regioselective Isomerization-Cobalt-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation Sequence for the Synthesis of Anti-Markovnikov Alcohols from Epoxides under Mild Conditions
Liu, Xin,Longwitz, Lars,Spiegelberg, Brian,T?njes, Jan,Beweries, Torsten,Werner, Thomas
, p. 13659 - 13667 (2020/11/30)
Herein, we report an efficient isomerization-transfer hydrogenation reaction sequence based on a cobalt pincer catalyst (1 mol %), which allows the synthesis of a series of anti-Markovnikov alcohols from terminal and internal epoxides under mild reaction conditions (≤55 °C, 8 h) at low catalyst loading. The reaction proceeds by Lewis acid (3 mol % Er(OTf)3)-catalyzed epoxide isomerization and subsequent cobalt-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation using ammonia borane as the hydrogen source. The general applicability of this methodology is highlighted by the synthesis of 43 alcohols from epoxides. A variety of terminal (23 examples) and 1,2-disubstituted internal epoxides (14 examples) bearing different functional groups are converted to the desired anti-Markovnikov alcohols in excellent selectivity and yields of up to 98%. For selected examples, it is shown that the reaction can be performed on a preparative scale up to 50 mmol. Notably, the isomerization step proceeds via the most stable carbocation. Thus, the regiochemistry is controlled by stereoelectronic effects. As a result, in some cases, rearrangement of the carbon framework is observed when tri-and tetra-substituted epoxides (6 examples) are converted. A variety of functional groups are tolerated under the reaction conditions even though aldehydes and ketones are also reduced to the respective alcohols under the reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies and control experiments were used to investigate the role of the Lewis acid in the reaction. Besides acting as the catalyst for the epoxide isomerization, the Lewis acid was found to facilitate the dehydrogenation of the hydrogen donor, which enhances the rate of the transfer hydrogenation step. These experiments additionally indicate the direct transfer of hydrogen from the amine borane in the reduction step.
A short asymmetric synthesis of methyl 2-((1S,3R)-3-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)cyclopentyl)acetate from norbornene
Huang, Buwen,Elleraas, Jeff,Ewanicki, Jason,Sutton, Scott C.
supporting information, (2020/06/04)
Methyl 2-((1S,3R)-3-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)cyclopentyl)acetate has been synthesized from norbornene using Hayashi's (S)-MOP Pd-catalyzed asymmetric hydrosilation. On a 1 mol scale, asymmetric hydrosilation of norbornene afforded an 84:16 exo- to endo-norborneol mixture but with exclusive 1R,4S-stereochemistry at the bridgehead carbons. The norborneol mixture was converted to an optically pure chiral bicyclic lactone via a high-yielding tandem oxidation/Baeyer-Villiger reaction. Acid-promoted ring-opening of the lactone followed by immediate silyl protection afforded the chiral cis-1,3-cyclopentane intermediate in five steps with an overall yield of 41%.
Ionic liquid-stabilized vanadium oxo-clusters catalyzing alkane oxidation by regulating oligovanadates
Ding, Bingjie,Gong, Xueqing,Hou, Zhenshan,Li, Difan,Yao, Yefeng,Zhang, Ran,Zheng, Anna,Zhou, Qingqing
, p. 7601 - 7612 (2020/11/27)
Alkane oxidation under mild conditions occupies an important position in the chemical industry. Herein, we have designed a novel class of ionic liquid ([TBA][Pic])-stabilized vanadium oxo-clusters (TBA = tetrabutylammonium; Pic = picolinate ions), in which the molar ratio of the IL to V atoms can be tuned facilely to obtain V-OC?IL-0.5, V-OC?IL-1 and V-OC?IL-2, respectively. The as-synthesized vanadium oxo-clusters have been characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-vis, XRD, TGA, EPR, NMR and MS. These vanadium oxo-clusters were catalytically active for catalyzing the oxidation of cyclohexane with H2O2 as an oxidant. In particular, the oxo-cluster V-OC?IL-1 (where IL/V is 1.0) can provide an approximately 30% total yield of KA oil (cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone) without adding any co-catalyst at 50 °C within 1.0 h. Moreover, the present vanadium oxo-cluster was recyclable owing to the modification of the IL and it can also be extended to the oxidation of the sp2 hybrid aromatic ring. The further characterization results demonstrated that the oligovanadate anions were strongly dependent on the molar ratio of the IL to V atoms. The vanadium oxo-clusters with the appropriate molar ratio of IL/V could exist in the form of a trimer and a dimer due to the presence of the TBA cation and the coordination of picolinate. Notably, the oligovanadate anions are highly active species for the C-H oxidation but the mononuclear vanadate afforded a very poor activity according to the activity assessment and the identification of vanadium species from the 51V NMR spectra and MS spectra. The annihilation reaction of free radicals and EPR characterization suggested that the vanadium oxo-clusters operated via a mechanism of the HO radical in the oxidation reaction.
Hydrogenation reaction method
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Paragraph 0034; 0089-0092, (2020/05/14)
The invention relates to a hydrogenation reaction method, and belongs to the technical field of organic synthesis. The hydrogenation reaction method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: carrying out a hydrogen transfer reaction on a hydrogen acceptor compound, pinacol borane and a catalyst in a solvent in the presence of proton hydrogen, so that the hydrogen acceptor compound is subjected to a hydrogenation reaction; the catalyst is one or more than two of a palladium catalyst, an iridium catalyst and a rhodium catalyst; the hydrogen acceptor compound comprises one or morethan two functional groups of carbon-carbon double bonds, carbon-carbon triple bonds, carbon-oxygen double bonds, carbon-nitrogen double bonds, nitrogen-nitrogen double bonds, nitryl, carbon-nitrogentriple bonds and epoxy. The method is mild in reaction condition, easy to operate, high in yield, short in reaction time, wide in substrate application range, suitable for carbon-carbon double bonds,carbon-carbon triple bonds, carbon-oxygen double bonds, carbon-nitrogen double bonds, nitrogen-nitrogen double bonds, nitryl, carbon-nitrogen triple bonds and epoxy functional groups, good in selectivity and high in reaction specificity.
