544-35-4Relevant articles and documents
Production and immobilization of Geotrichum candidum lipase via physical adsorption on eco-friendly support: Characterization of the catalytic properties in hydrolysis and esterification reactions
Ramos, Elisa Z.,Júnior, Rodney H. Miotti,De Castro, Patrícia F.,Tardioli, Paulo. W.,Mendes, Adriano A.,Fernandéz-Lafuente, Roberto,Hirata, Daniela B.
, p. 43 - 51 (2015)
The present study reports the production of an extracellular lipase from Geotrichum candidum by submerged fermentation using cottonseed oil as inductor agent and its immobilization on poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) particles via physical adsorption. The catalytic properties of the biocatalyst prepared were determined in aqueous (hydrolysis of olive oil emulsion) and organic (ethyl linoleate synthesis) media. In the enzyme production, maximum hydrolytic activity of 22.91 IU/mL at 30 °C and pH 5.2 was reached after 48 h of cultivation. A single protein band with an apparent molecular mass of 65 kDa was detected by SDS-PAGE analysis. The biocatalyst prepared by offering 75 mL of crude enzymatic extract (without cells) per gram of support exhibited maximum hydrolytic activity of 404.4 ± 2.3 IU/g at 37 °C and pH 7.0, with a recovered activity percentage of around 40% and an immobilization yield of 59%. The optimal pH and temperature for both soluble and immobilized enzyme in the hydrolysis reaction was 8.0 and around 37-40 °C. The biocatalyst was more thermally stable than the crude enzymatic extract at 35 °C in 8 h (46.2% and 23.7%, respectively) and slightly more stable at 45 °C in 40 min (47.5% and 35.2%, respectively). In the esterification reaction, around 70% ester conversion was reached after 2 h of reaction under experimental conditions previously optimized by Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD). The biocatalyst retained 93% of its initial esterification activity after 6 successive cycles of esterification reaction. This biocatalyst is a promising one to catalyze reactions in aqueous and organic media.
IONIZABLE LIPIDS FOR NUCLEIC ACID DELIVERY
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Paragraph 00410, (2021/01/23)
The present document describes compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, of a core formula (I) Wherein R1 includes an amino group. These compounds are particularly useful in the formulation and in vivo and ex vivo delivery of nucleic acid and protein therapeutics for preparing and implementing T cell transfection, gene editing, cancer therapies, cancer prophylactics, and in the preparation of vaccines.
Novel synthesized microporous ionic polymer applications in transesterification of Jatropha curcas seed oil with short Chain alcohol
Chang, Tao,Hao, Yongjing,Jinxi, Jinxi,Kai, Kai,Panchal, Balaji,Qin, Shenjun,Sun, Yuzhuang,Zhao, Cunling,Zhao, Qiaojing,Zhu, Zheng
, (2021/09/28)
New suites of sulfonic acid-functionalized microporous ionic polymers (PIPs) catalysts were synthesized with polymer, alkyl bromides, and 1, 3-propane sultone via a two-step procedure. The synthesized microporous PIP catalysts were characterized using FT-IR, SEM-Mapping, XPS, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, solid NMR spectroscopy, and element analysis. Esterification of several fatty acids with ethanol, which was used as a model reaction in the stabilization of Jatropha curcas seed oil, was checked over functionalized PIP. We tested the catalytic performance of PIP-C8 on the synthesis of fatty acid esters via the transesterification of J. curcas seed oil with a mixture of short-chain alcohols such as ethanol, ethanol–to–diethyl carbonate (1;1 molar ratio), and ethanol–to–dimethyl carbonate (1:1 molar ratio) with 170 mg of PIP-C8 at reflux temperature with agitation. The PIP-C8 catalyst was particularly effective, having achieved yields of 85%, 94%, and 70% for J. curcas seed oil with ethanol, J. curcas seed oil with ethanol–to–DEC, and J. curcas seed oil with ethanol–to–DMC, respectively, under the optimized reaction conditions. The catalyst could be recycled more than five times without significant deactivation. Kinetic studies performed at different temperatures revealed that the conversion of oleic acid to an ethyl ester follows a first-order reaction. The best catalysts with microporous structure (average pore diameter: 1.7–1.9 nm, pore volume: 0.23–0.33 cm3 g–1) and –SO3H density (0.70–0.84 mmol/gcat) were obtained by 1, 3-propane sultone of the chemically activated. The results indicate that the site activity of functionalized microporous ionic polymer materials shows promising approach for the development of environmentally friendly technology.
Ethyl linoleate catalytically synthesized by using ionic liquid microemulsion and preparation method thereof
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Paragraph 0033-0062, (2020/07/12)
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of ethyl linoleate, and discloses ethyl linoleate catalytically synthesized by using an ionic liquid microemulsion and a preparation methodthereof. The preparation process comprises the following steps: (1) adding a non-polar solvent into a conventional surfactant, carrying out uniform mixing, dropwise adding imidazole ionic liquid, andcarrying out sufficient mixing to obtain a single ionic liquid microemulsion; and (2) adding linoleic acid and ethanol into the single ionic liquid microemulsion, carrying out a heating reaction, andcarrying out rotary evaporation to obtain ethyl linoleate. According to the method, the single ionic liquid microemulsion with good high-temperature stability is used as a reaction medium, the contactarea of a catalyst and a reaction substrate is increased, and generated water is solubilized in an ionic liquid microemulsion core, so a reaction rate is increased; the used catalyst is high in activity, small in equipment corrosion and low in equipment requirement, the problems of high catalyst cost, serious equipment corrosion, low reaction yield, poor product quality, harsh reaction conditionsand the like in the prior art are solved; and the method can be popularized and applied to catalytic esterification reactions.
PKC activators and combinations thereof
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Page/Page column 45, (2020/11/13)
The present disclosure relates to PKC activators and combinations thereof. The disclosure further relates to compositions, kits, uses, and methods thereof.
Linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and monolinolenins as antibacterial substances in the heat-processed soybean fermented with Rhizopus oligosporus
Kusumah, Dewi,Maeda, Isamu,Murakami, Mai,Wakui, Misaki,Xie, Xiaonan,Yukihito, Kabuyama
, p. 1285 - 1290 (2020/03/03)
Antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis were found in an ethanol fraction of tempe, an Indonesian fermented soybean produced using Rhizopus oligosporus. The ethanol fraction contained free fatty acids, monoglycerides, and fatty acid ethyl esters. Among these substances, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid exhibited antibacterial activities against S. aureus and B. subtilis, whereas 1-monolinolenin and 2-monolinolenin exhibited antibacterial activity against B. subtilis. The other free fatty acids, 1-monoolein, monolinoleins, ethyl linoleate, and ethyl linolenate did not exhibit bactericidal activities. These results revealed that R. oligosporus produced the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and monolinolenins as antibacterial substances against the Gram-positive bacteria during the fungal growth and fermentation of heat-processed soybean.
Proline derivatives incorporating hydrophobic long-chain derived from natural and synthetic fatty acids
Selva, Elisabet,Soto, J. Javier,Nájera, Carmen,Foubelo, Francisco,Sansano, José M.
, p. 1378 - 1386 (2019/02/05)
The α-hydrophobic long chain-α-amino esters are prepared by α-hydroxylation of a series of fatty acid esters [derived from oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] followed by Mitsunobu reaction and hydrazinolysis of the phthalimide. These amino esters are mixed with aldehydes and electrophilic alkenes to give very good chemical yields and diastereoselectivities of prolinate derivatives incorporating a hydrophobic long chain at the α-position. This multicomponent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (1,3-DC) takes place at room temperature. The synthesis of the homologue hydrophobic chain of OA is performed by its oxidation to aldehyde/racemic N-tert-butylsulfinyl imine/Neff reaction. Final 1,3-DC with benzaldehyde and N-methylmaleimide affords homologue prolinate derivative in good yield.
Zirconium-containing metal organic frameworks as solid acid catalysts for the esterification of free fatty acids: Synthesis of biodiesel and other compounds of interest
Cirujano,Corma,Llabrés I Xamena
, p. 213 - 220 (2015/02/19)
Zr-containing metal organic frameworks (MOFs) formed by terephthalate (UiO-66) and 2-aminoterephthalate ligands (UiO-66-NH2) are active and stable catalysts for the acid catalyzed esterification of various saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with MeOH and EtOH, with activities comparable (in some cases superior) to other solid acid catalysts previously reported in literature. Besides the formation of the corresponding fatty acid alkyl esters as biodiesel compounds (FAMEs and FAEEs), esterification of biomass-derived fatty acids with other alcohols catalyzed by the Zr-MOFs allows preparing other compounds of interest, such as oleyl oleate or isopropyl palmitate, with good yields under mild conditions.
Novel and highly efficient SnBr2-catalyzed esterification reactions of fatty acids: The notable anion ligand effect
Ferreira, Arthur Batista,Cardoso, Abiney Lemos,Da Silva, Marcio Jose
, p. 1240 - 1246 (2014/01/06)
In this work, the efficiency of Lewis acid catalysts, SnX2 (X = F-, Cl-, Br-, or -OAc), was investigated on the esterification reactions of fatty acids (i.e., myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linoleic) with different alcohols (i.e., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, and butyl alcohol). Tin(II) bromide was the most active catalyst in all reactions studied. We investigated the effects of main reaction parameters, such as catalyst concentration, temperature, and nature of alcohol and fatty acid. The highest activity of SnBr2 catalyst was discussed in terms of its lower activation energy, higher Lewis acid strength, and higher softness of anionic ligand. Finally, the SnBr 2 catalyst can be easily recovered and reused without loss of catalytic activity. Graphical Abstract: Effect of the tin catalyst nature on the oleic acid esterification with ethyl alcohol. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
ESTERS OF DCPLA AND METHODS OF TREATMENT USING THE SAME
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Paragraph 0106, (2013/05/23)
The present disclosure relates to esters of 8-[2-(2-pentyl- cyclopropylmethyl)cyclopropyl]-octanoic acid ("DCPLA"). The disclosure further relates to compositions, kits, and methods for treatment using the esters.
