590-46-5

Basic information

• Product Name: Betaine hydrochloride
• Synonyms: acidolhydrochloride;Acidol-Pepsin;Acinorm;Acipepsol;Aciventral forte;aciventralforte;Ammonium, (carboxymethyl)trimethyl-, chloride;component of Acidol-Pepsin
• CAS NO: 590-46-5
• Molecular Formula: C₅H₁₂NO₂*Cl
• Molecular Weight: 153.61
• EINECS: 209-683-1
• Product Categories: Ammonium Polyhalides, etc. (Quaternary);Quaternary Ammonium Compounds;fine chemicals, specialty chemicals, intermediates, electronic chemical, organic synthesis;Plant extracts;Herb extract;chemical reagent;pharmaceutical intermediate;phytochemical;reference standards from Chinese medicinal herbs (TCM).;standardized herbal extract;NOVASTAT;feed additives;Inhibitors
• Mol File: 590-46-5.mol

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 241-242 °C(lit.)
• Appearance: Colorless to white/Powder or Crystals
• Density: 1 g/cm3
• Vapor Pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
• Storage Temp.: Store below +30°C.
• Solubility: H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
• Water Solubility: 64.7 g/100 mL (25 ºC)
• Merck: 14,1179
• BRN: 3916181
• CAS DataBase Reference: Betaine hydrochloride(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Betaine hydrochloride(590-46-5)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Betaine hydrochloride(590-46-5)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: Xi,Xn
• Statements: 36-36/37/38-20/21/22
• Safety Statements: 26-39-24/25-36
• WGK Germany: 3
• RTECS: BP3136000
• F: 3-10
• TSCA: Yes
• Hazardous Substances Data: 590-46-5(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Betaine hydrochloride is used as an antiarteriosclerotic, hypolipaemic, and hepatoprotectant for promoting cardiovascular health, managing lipid levels, and supporting liver function.
Used in Veterinary Industry:
It is utilized as an antiprotozoal and coccidiostat to prevent and treat infections caused by protozoa and coccidia in animals.
Used in Naturopathic Medicine:
Betaine hydrochloride is used as a gastric acidifier to address low stomach acid levels, which can interfere with digestion and absorption of nutrients. It is particularly recommended for individuals with allergies, asthma, and those taking nutritional supplements in tablet or capsule form, as it enhances the absorption of minerals and other nutrients.

Indications

Betaine hydrochloride may be used as a lipotropic. Lipotropics aid in preventing the accumulation of fat in the liver, and usually help in the detoxification of metabolic wastes and toxins. They may be used to help with weight loss. Betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria, a condition in which an abnormally low amount of hydrochloric acid is in the stomach. It has been used in preparations for the treatment of liver disorders, hypokalaemia (abnormally low levels of potassium in the blood), CO2 production in double contrast radiography, and high homocysteine. Betaine hydrochloride has also been used to treat tic douloreux (a condition which involves spasmodic pain along the course of a facial nerve), cystinuria (a hereditary defect that results in recurrent kidney stone formation), and vitiligo (a condition that is characterized by milky-white patches on otherwise normal skin).

Biological Functions

Betaine hydrochloride and pepsin are naturally occurring gastric-juice components that render nutrients available for absorption and biological acitivity. Specifically, Betaine hydrochloride is an acidic form of betaine, which promotes optimal gastric lumen acidity and pepsin is a protein-digesting enzyme that catalyzes the splitting of peptide bonds. Betaine HCl is an excellent source of hydrochloric acid, also known as stomach acid. Supplementing with betaine HCl can be very beneficial, as insufficient production of hydrochloric acid is fairly widespread and often overlooked. Certain situations, such as normal aging, can decrease the body’s natural production of HCl.

Flammability and Explosibility

Notclassified

Biochem/physiol Actions

Betaine hydrochloride can decrease hepatotoxicity, that is stimulated by ethanol.

Clinical Use

Betaine hydrochloride (pronounced beta-een) is the acid form of trimethyiglycine (TMG). It is available as an over-the-counter drug. The most common use of betaine hydrochloride is as digestive aid for people who suffer from low gastric acidity (hypochlorhydria), a common complaint in the elderly and a cause of chronic indigestion. Although such a practice is unwise. betaine hydrochloride can be of use in cases of overeating. Gourmands, in particular, suffer less discomfort after indulgences if they take betaine hydrochloride with their feasts. Betaine hydrochloride is not only a digestive aid, but it also confers all the benefits of TMG (see next). However, betaine hydrochloride should not be used by anyone with chronic indigestion or heartburn without first seeking medical evaluation of the problem to make sure that there is not a more serious underlying condition. such as stomach ulcers. Betaine hydrochloride should be taken only with meals, and then only after first eating a few bites of food. The usual dose of betaine hydrochloride for hypochlorhydria is 500 milligrams. which is equivalent to 1.1 cubic centimeter (about a quarter teaspoon) of pharmaceutical Dilute Hydrochloric acid.

Side effects

Side effects are seldom seen, but as of 2013 betaine hydrochloride had not been through rigorous safety studies. Its safety, especially for young children, pregnant or nursing women, or those with severe liver or kidney disease, is not known. In very high doses, betaine hydrochlorine has been associated with heartburn or burning of the stomach lining.

Drug interactions

People taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), cortisone-like drugs, or other medications that could cause peptic ulcers should not take betaine hy- drochloride.

Purification Methods

Recrystallise the salt from EtOH. Its solubility at 25o is 65% in H2O, and 5% in EtOH. [Edsall J Am Chem Soc 66 1767 1943, Kuhn & Ruelius Chem Ber 83 420 1950, Beilstein 4 III 1127, IV 2369.]

Precautions

People with a history of ulcers, heartburn, or other gastrointestinal symptoms should see a nutritionally oriented doctor before taking betaine hydrochloride, and no one should take more than 10 grains (650 mg) without a physician's recommendation. Large amounts of betaine hydrochloride can burn the lining of the stomach. If a burning sensation is experienced, betaine hydrochloride should be immediately discontinued.

InChI:InChI=1/C5H11NO2.ClH/c1-6(2,3)4-5(7)8;/h4H2,1-3H3;1H/p-1

Upstream product

• 107-43-7 betaine 
• 616-34-2 methoxycarbonylmethylamine 
• 128229-01-6 (2,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoropropyl)trimethylammonium iodide 
• 116826-69-8 (2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-Octafluoropentyl)trimethylammonium iodide 
• 116826-71-2 (2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-Dodecafluoroheptyl)trimethylammonium iodide 
• 79-11-8 chloroacetic acid 
• 75-50-3 trimethylamine 
• 67-48-1 choline chloride 
• 3032-10-8 Trimethylammoniumessigsaeurebetain-methylester-chlorid 
• 3032-11-9 N-<(ethoxycarbonyl)methyl>trimethylammonium chloride 
• 3032-13-1 betaine butyl ester chloride 
• 128229-02-7 trimethyl-<(Z)-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propenyl>ammonium iodide 
• 129687-03-2 bis-(trimethylammonio-acetyl)-amine; dichloride 

Downstream Products

• 124-38-9 carbon dioxide 
• 75-57-0 tetramethlyammonium chloride 
• 53684-57-4 N-chlorobetainyl chloride 
• 52132-48-6 carbocetyloxymethyltrimethylammonium chloride 
• 1017319-39-9 C₁₃H₂₂N₃O₂⁽¹⁺⁾*Cl^(1-) 
• 99785-36-1 Cyclohexylsulfanylcarbonylmethyl-trimethyl-ammonium; chloride 
• 102112-96-9 Chlorid des Thiobetain-S-triphenylmethylesters 
• 53423-68-0 trimethyl-[(4-nitro-phenylcarbamoyl)-methyl]-ammonium; chloride 
• 17671-52-2 betaine tartrate 

Relevant articles and documents

Betaine hydrochloride salt synthesis method

Betaine hydrochloride synthetic method, are sequentially added to the reaction bottle benzenedimethanol acetic acid, catalyst, ethanol, then heating up 100 — 115 °C reflux, molecular sieve dehydration backflow place, 2 — 8 hours after the completion of the reaction, the reaction solution is washed with water 2 times, divided chloroethyl ethyl acetate by reduced pressure distillation, the chloropropyl acetic acid ethyl ester are added to a reaction in the bottle, add a certain amount of water, the beginning of the access trimethylamine gas, maintained in the 20 — 45 °C, 2 — 6 hours of reaction, the temperature of the hydrochloric acid is then added to the hydrolysis, distilling the water and ethanol, cooling 10 — 15 °C crystallization centrifugation to obtain the betaine hydrochloride. The present invention made from the chloroacetic acid and ethanol raw material synthetic a chloroethyl ethyl acetate, to obtain pure chloro ethyl acetate through and dimethylamine synthesizing betaine ethyl ester hydrochloride, in the presence of hydrochloride heating water out to ethanol, concentrated liquid cooling to separate out betaine hydrochloride, prepared by the method of the betaine hydrochloride purity 99% or more, the yield of 97% or more, and there will not be any inorganic salt solid waste.

Method for preparing betaine hydrochloride through catalytic hydrolysis reaction

The invention discloses a method for preparing betaine hydrochloride through catalytic hydrolysis reaction. The method comprises the following steps: adding betaine ester hydrochloride in a reaction vessel, then adding water and a Ti-SiO2-Al2O3 molecular sieve catalyst, carrying out hydrolysis reaction at a certain temperature, carrying out suction filtration after completing reaction, and drying,thus obtaining the betaine hydrochloride, wherein a mass ratio of the water to the betaine ester hydrochloride is (1 to 2):1, and a molar ratio of Ti to SiO2 to Al2O3 in the Ti-SiO2-Al2O3 molecular sieve catalyst is 1:1:1. According to the method disclosed by the invention, preparation of the betaine hydrochloride is realized through high-efficiency catalytic hydrolysis of the betaine ester hydrochloride, the yield of a product is up to 98 percent or more, the quality is stable, the content of burning residue of the product is lower than 0.1 percent, the catalyst can be recycled, alcohol obtained through hydrolysis can be recycled and reutilized, industrial production can be conveniently carried out, and many problems of large chloroacetic acid consumption, long production period, high burning residue of the product, large emission of three wastes and the like existing in a traditional technology are overcome.

Compound containing quaternary ammonium salt ions and peroxycarboxylic acid groups in structure as well as preparation method and application of compound

The invention provides a compound containing quaternary ammonium salt ions and peroxycarboxylic acid groups in structure and belongs to the field of organic compounds. The compound provided by the invention has the characteristics of quaternary ammonium salt and peroxides at the same time, can be continuously used, is small in corrosion, has the disinfection performance of an efficient disinfectorand can also be used as an ordinary quaternary ammonium salt disinfector after peroxy acid in the structure is disinfected and decomposed; and in presence of lipophilic alkyl groups on the quaternaryammonium salt groups, the ability of molecules passing through the bacterial cell walls is improved, so that the disinfector can act on the extrocytoplasmic surfaces and destroy the cell walls to reach the purpose of disinfection and can rapidly pass through the cell walls to enter the interiors of cells to destroy cytoplasm, so that the disinfection speed of the peroxides is greatly increased, and the effect of complete sterilization is achieved.

In vitro visualization of betaine aldehyde synthesis and oxidation using hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Real-time monitoring of betaine aldehyde metabolism at high temporal resolution was accomplished using a hyperpolarized choline analog and 13C-NMR. This represents the first observation of an aldehyde intermediate on hyperpolarized MR and opens the way for kinetic studies of oxidase/dehydrogenase enzymes in vitro and in vivo.

A dramatic effect of the ionic liquid structure in esterification reactions in protic ionic media

Bronsted acidic ionic liquids (ILs) have been synthesized and investigated as catalysts in esterification and transesterification reactions: simple and non-corrosive salts characterized by aliphatic cations associated with an "acidic" anion (in particular, [HSO4]-) gave the higher yields. A quite good correlation between IL acidity (H 0) and catalytic ability was found although also the hydrophilic nature of the ionic medium probably affects the process efficiency.

METHOD OF PRODUCING BETAINE COMPOUND

A process for preparing Anhydrous Betaine and Betaine Hydrochloride comprises treating a chloroacetic acid with sodium carbonate, and then dropping liquid trimethylamine to obtain Betaine products, wherein ion exchange resin and decompression process are utilized to assure the product having high purity and yield rate.

Method of synthesis of betaine esters

The present invention relates to an environmentally acceptable method of producing glycine betaine esters that produces no toxic by-products during the synthesis. The method produces only product, recyclable material for reuse in the process, and recovered material which can be sold for uses, such as fertilizer.

REACTION OF (POLYFLUOROALKYL)TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM SALTS WITH HYDROXIDE ION

(Polyfluoroalkyl)trimethylammonium iodides (1a-d), RfCF2CH2N+Me3I- (Rf; a = HCF2, b = CF3, c = H(CF2)3, d = H(CF2)5), reacted easily with an equimolar amount of sodium hydroxide in water at 20 deg C to give Z isomers of (polyfluoro-1-alkenyl)trimethylammonium iodides (2a-d), RfCF=CHN+Me3I-, quantitatively.However, treatment of 1 with 3 equimolar amounts of sodium hydroxide yielded different products depending on the length of the Rf chain: 1a gave (2-oxo-3,3-difluoropropyl)trimethylammonium iodide (3a), which had a great tendency to form the hydrate 4a; 1b produced a mixture of the analogous ketone 3b and betaine 6; 1c and 1d afforded the corresponding 1H,ωH-perfluoroalkanes 7c and 7d, respectively, together with 6.

Radioimmunoassay method for determining calcitonin and radioactive tracer for use therein

A hentriacontapeptide of the formula (I) STR1 a radioactive labeled hentriacontapeptide of the formula (I), useful in a radioimmunoassay method and a radioimmunoassay method for determining calcitonin.