- Fructose conversion in the presence of Sn(iv) catalysts exhibiting high selectivity to lactic acid
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The catalytic performance of a series of Sn(iv)-based organometallic complexes in fructose conversion was studied under several reaction conditions, and the conversion, yields, and selectivity measurements of this transformation have been evaluated. The results were compared to those obtained from non-catalysed reactions and those in the presence of a conventional catalyst (H2SO4). These organometallic Sn(iv)-based catalysts demonstrated the ability to fully convert fructose into valuable chemicals. Under particular reaction conditions, lactic acid is obtained in good yields and selectivity.
- Dos Santos, Jailma Barros,De Albuquerque, Nilson José Araújo,De Paiva E Silva Zanta, Carmen Lúcia,Meneghetti, Mario Roberto,Meneghetti, Simoni Margareti Plentz
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p. 90952 - 90959
(2015/11/11)
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- RETRO-ALDOL REACTION PRODUCTS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING SAME
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The presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) relates generally to retro-aldol reaction products and methods of making and using same. More particularly, but without limitation, the methods disclosed herein for producing the retro-aldol reaction products are performed in a non-aqueous/solvent-free based process. The reaction products obtained from the process include, for example, dihydroxyacetone, glyceraldehyde, glycolaldehyde, and combinations thereof. In one particular embodiment, the process of making such retro-aldol reaction products includes, without limitation, the step of mechanocatalytically reacting a heterogeneous catalyst with one or more sugar reactants.
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Paragraph 0042-0044
(2014/09/29)
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- Selective catalytic oxidation of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone
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High selectivity and high yield characterize the oxidation of glycerol into dihydroxyacetone using catalyst 1, with benzoquinone or air as the oxidant. The mechanism proposed involves reversible palladium-alkoxide formation with the turnover-limiting reoxidation of the palladium complex. Copyright
- Painter, Ron M.,Pearson, David M.,Waymouth, Robert M.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 9456 - 9459
(2011/03/19)
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- THE FORMOIN REACTION
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The formoin reaction, i.e., the autocondensation of formaldehyde in an aprotic solvent catalysed by the conjugate base of a thiazolium ion, has been studied in detail.Glucose, galactose, dihyroxyacetone dimer, xylose, and arabinose have been identified as products.The influence of catalysts, temperature, basicity, and reaction time is documented.N,N-Dimethylformamide is a more convenient solvent than ether, benzene, or diglyme.Ethyldi-isopropylamine affords better yields of carbohydrate material than triethylamine.At =60 deg, aldol condensations are reduced to a minimum.After 1-2 h of reaction (depending on the conditions), the yields begin to decrease and become zero after ca. 24 h.
- Castells, Josep,Lopez-Calahorra, Francisco,Geijo, Fernando
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p. 197 - 208
(2007/10/02)
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