- Quorum sensing and nf-κb inhibition of synthetic coumaperine derivatives from piper nigrum
-
Bacterial communication, termed Quorum Sensing (QS), is a promising target for virulence attenuation and the treatment of bacterial infections. Infections cause inflammation, a process regulated by a number of cellular factors, including the transcription Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB); this factor is found to be upregulated in many inflammatory diseases, including those induced by bacterial infection. In this study, we tested 32 synthetic derivatives of coumaperine (CP), a known natural compound found in pepper (Piper nigrum), for Quorum Sensing Inhibition (QSI) and NF-κB inhibitory activities. Of the compounds tested, seven were found to have high QSI activity, three inhibited bacterial growth and five inhibited NF-κB. In addition, some of the CP compounds were active in more than one test. For example, compounds CP-286, CP-215 and CP-158 were not cytotoxic, inhibited NF-κB activation and QS but did not show antibacterial activity. CP-154 inhibited QS, decreased NF-κB activation and inhibited bacterial growth. Our results indicate that these synthetic molecules may provide a basis for further development of novel therapeutic agents against bacterial infections.
- Baruch, Yifat,Gopas, Jacob,Kadosh, Yael,Kumar, Rajendran Saravana,Kushmaro, Ariel,Muthuraman, Subramani,Yaniv, Karin
-
supporting information
(2021/05/28)
-
- Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Celastrol Derivatives with Improved Cytotoxic Selectivity and Antitumor Activities
-
Cdc37 associates kinase clients to Hsp90 and promotes the development of cancers. Celastrol, a natural friedelane triterpenoid, can disrupt the Hsp90-Cdc37 interaction to provide antitumor effects. In this study, 31 new celastrol derivatives, 2a - 2d , 3a - 3g , and 4a - 4t , were designed and synthesized, and their Hsp90-Cdc37 disruption activities and antiproliferative activities against cancer cells were evaluated. Among these compounds, 4f , with the highest tumor cell selectivity (15.4-fold), potent Hsp90-Cdc37 disruption activity (IC50= 1.9 μM), and antiproliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50= 0.2 μM), was selected as the lead compound. Further studies demonstrated 4f has strong antitumor activities both in vitro and in vivo through disrupting the Hsp90-Cdc37 interaction and inhibiting angiogenesis. In addition, 4f exhibited less toxicity than celastrol and showed a good pharmacokinetics profile in vivo. These findings suggest that 4f may be a promising candidate for development of new cancer therapies.
- Feng, Jia-Hao,He, Qi-Wei,Hou, Ji-Qin,Hu, Xiao-Long,Long, Huan,Wang, Bao-Lin,Wang, Hao,Wang, Quan,Wang, Rong,Ye, Wen-Cai,Zhang, Li-Xin,Zhang, Xiao-Qi
-
p. 1954 - 1966
(2021/07/20)
-
- Bromo Radical-Mediated Photoredox Aldehyde Decarbonylation towards Transition-Metal-Free Hydroalkylation of Acrylamides at Room Temperature
-
Herein, we report a visible-light-mediated hydroalkylation reaction of alkenes using easily available aldehydes as alkyl sources via bromo radical-promoted photoredox decarbonylation. This protocol provides an alternative entry to C(sp3)?C(sp3) bond formation and features considerable advantages including mild and clean reaction conditions, obviation for transition-metal catalyst, and good functional group compatibility.
- Deng, Guo-Jun,Huang, Huawen,Sun, Zhaozhao,Wang, Qiaolin
-
supporting information
(2021/12/03)
-
- Nickel-Catalyzed Alkyl-Alkyl Cross-Electrophile Coupling Reaction of 1,3-Dimesylates for the Synthesis of Alkylcyclopropanes
-
Cross-electrophile coupling reactions of two Csp3-X bonds remain challenging. Herein we report an intramolecular nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling reaction of 1,3-diol derivatives. Notably, this transformation is utilized to synthesize a range of mono- and 1,2-disubstituted alkylcyclopropanes, including those derived from terpenes, steroids, and aldol products. Additionally, enantioenriched cyclopropanes are synthesized from the products of proline-catalyzed and Evans aldol reactions. A procedure for direct transformation of 1,3-diols to cyclopropanes is also described. Calculations and experimental data are consistent with a nickel-catalyzed mechanism that begins with stereoablative oxidative addition at the secondary center.
- Chen, Pan-Pan,Hong, Xin,Jarvo, Elizabeth R.,McGinnis, Tristan M.,Sanford, Amberly B.,Thane, Taylor A.
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supporting information
(2020/03/23)
-
- PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF PIPERINE
-
The present application relates to a process for the preparation of piperine of high purity having low concentrations of isomeric impurities.
- -
-
Page/Page column 9; 14; 17
(2019/05/02)
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- Visible light photocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-: A] indoles via intermolecular [3+2] cycloaddition
-
The intermolecular diastereoselective and enantioselective synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles is developed through a [3+2] cycloaddition between silyl-indole derivatives and α,β-unsaturated N-acyl oxazolidinones by merging photocatalysis and Lewis acid catalysis.
- Casado-Sánchez, Antonio,Domingo-Legarda, Pablo,Cabrera, Silvia,Alemán, José
-
supporting information
p. 11303 - 11306
(2019/09/30)
-
- SPIRO-LACTAM NMDA MODULATORS AND METHODS OF USING SAME
-
Disclosed are compounds having potency in the modulation of NMDA receptor activity. Such compounds can be used in the treatment of conditions such as depression and related disorders. Orally delivered formulations and other pharmaceutically acceptable delivery forms of the compounds, including intravenous formulations, are also disclosed.
- -
-
Page/Page column 68
(2018/03/28)
-
- Formal Lossen Rearrangement/[3+2] Annulation Cascade Catalyzed by a Modified Cyclopentadienyl RhIII Complex
-
It has been established that a cyclopentadienyl RhIII complex with two phenyl groups and a pendant amide moiety catalyzes the formal Lossen rearrangement/[3+2] annulation cascade of N-pivaloyl benzamides and acrylamides with alkynes leading to substituted indoles and pyrroles. Mechanistic studies revealed that this cascade reaction proceeds via not the Lossen rearrangement to form anilides or enamides but C?H bond cleavage, alkyne insertion, and the formal Lossen rearrangement.
- Yamada, Takayuki,Shibata, Yu,Kawauchi, Susumu,Yoshizaki, Soichi,Tanaka, Ken
-
supporting information
p. 5723 - 5727
(2018/04/11)
-
- Design, synthesis, antiproliferative activity and docking studies of quinazoline derivatives bearing 2,3-dihydro-indole or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline as potential EGFR inhibitors
-
Eight series of quinazoline derivatives bearing 2,3-dihydro-indole or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline were designed, synthesized and evaluated for the IC50 values against three cancer cell lines (A549, MCF-7 and PC-3). Most of the forty nine target compounds showed excellent antiproliferative activity against one or several cancer cell lines. The compound 13a showed the best activity against A549, MCF-7 and PC-3 cancer cell lines, with the IC50 values of 1.09 ± 0.04 μM, 1.34 ± 0.13 μM and 1.23 ± 0.09 μM, respectively. Eight selected compounds were further selected to evaluated for the inhibitory activity against EGFR kinase. Three of them showed equal activity against EGFR kinase to positive control afatinib. AnnexinV-FITC, propidium iodide (PI) double staining and acridine orange single staining results indicated that the compound 13a could induce apoptosis of human lung cancer A549 cells.
- OuYang, Yiqiang,Zou, Wensheng,Peng, Liang,Yang, Zunhua,Tang, Qidong,Chen, Mengzi,Jia, Shuang,Zhang, Hong,Lan, Zhou,Zheng, Pengwu,Zhu, Wufu
-
-
- Preliminary investigations into the synthesis and antimicrobial activities of boron-containing capsaicinoids
-
This preliminary study reports on the synthesis of two new boron-capsaicin derivatives containing either a short or long chain aliphatic tail group using an iridium catalyzed hydroboration reaction with pinacolborane. The boronate ester groups reside on the terminal position of the tail group and are necessary for the bioactivity of these compounds. Indeed, both compounds showed considerable activity against two Gram-positive bacteria, including Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. Vancomycin is considered the last resort medication for the treatment of septicemia, and new antibacterial agents that can treat sepsis are of paramount importance. The more lipophilic boron compound with the longer aliphatic chain also showed antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- Ramsaywack, Sharwatie,Bos, Allyson,Vogels, Christopher M.,Gray, Christopher A.,Westcott, Stephen A.
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supporting information
p. 1065 - 1070
(2018/11/24)
-
- Synthesis of coumaperine derivatives: Their NF-κB inhibitory effect, inhibition of cell migration and their cytotoxic activity
-
Coumaperine (an amide alkaloid, present in white piper) and its derivatives were synthesized and investigated for their cytotoxicity against L428 and A549 cells and their NF-κB inhibitory activity. It was found that the coumaperine derivatives CP-9 and CP-38 suppress NF-κB subunits p50 and p65 in nuclear fractions by western blot and by NF-κB luciferase reporter gene assay in a dose dependent manner. Confirmation of these results was obtained by confocal microscopy. CP-9, CP-32 and CP-38 also exhibited dose dependent cell cytotoxicity in a L428?cells expressing constitutively active NF-κB and in A549?cells, with an IC50 value of 43.25?μg/ml, 0.39?μg/ml and 16.85?μg/ml respectively against L428?cells and 57.15?μg/ml, 69.1?μg/ml and 63.2?μg/ml respectively against A549?cells. In addition, the coumaperine derivatives show remarkable inhibitory activity on the cancer cell migration assay against A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells at the concentrations of 5?μg/ml, 10?μg/ml, and 5?μg/ml of CP-9, CP-32 and CP-38 respectively. Aromatic substituents and number of olefinic double bond in coumaperine derivatives found to influence the inhibitory activity. In luciferase reporter gene assay, di-olefin conjugated coumaperine derivatives, CP-38, CP-32 and PIP exhibited higher inhibitory activity than their corresponding tri-olefin conjugated coumaperine derivatives, CP-102, CP-146 and PIP-155 respectively. CP-32 with a stronger electron donating group (-N(CH3)2) showed better inhibitory activity in luciferase reporter gene assay and in cell proliferation of L428?cells. Simple coumaperine derivative (CP-9, with no substituent) effectively inhibited A549?cells proliferation and migration than the other coumaperine derivatives. CP-9 and CP-38 diminish significantly the NF-κB subunits (p50 and p65) of L428?cells in nuclear fractions at the dosage of 10?μg/ml and 30?μg/ml respectively. Which clearly shows that CP-9 and CP-38 inactivate the NF-κB pathway in?vitro.
- Nandakumar, Natarajan,Muthuraman, Subramani,Gopinath, Pushparathinam,Nithya, Pattusamy,Gopas, Jacob,Kumar, Rajendran Saravana
-
supporting information
p. 1076 - 1087
(2016/11/09)
-
- Nonpeptidic Selective Inhibitors of the Chymotrypsin-Like (β5 i) Subunit of the Immunoproteasome
-
Elevated expression of the immunoproteasome has been associated with autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, and various types of cancer. Selective inhibitors of the immunoproteasome are not only scarce, but also almost entirely restricted to peptide-based compounds. Herein, we describe nonpeptidic reversible inhibitors that selectively block the chymotrypsin-like (β5i) subunit of the human immunoproteasome in the low micromolar range. The most potent of the reversibly acting compounds were then converted into covalent, irreversible, nonpeptidic inhibitors that retained selectivity for the β5i subunit. In addition, these inhibitors discriminate between the immunoproteasome and the constitutive proteasome in cell-based assays. Along with their lack of cytotoxicity, these data point to these nonpeptidic compounds being suitable for further investigation as β5i-selective probes for possible application in noncancer diseases related to the immunoproteasome.
- Sosi?, Izidor,Gobec, Martina,Brus, Boris,Knez, Damijan,?ivec, Matej,Konc, Janez,Le?nik, Samo,Ogrizek, Mitja,Obreza, Ale?,?igon, Du?an,Jane?i?, Du?anka,Mlinari?-Ra??an, Irena,Gobec, Stanislav
-
supporting information
p. 5745 - 5748
(2016/05/09)
-
- Trans N-ethyl-N-(2 the [...] -alkyl-phenyl) - 2-butenamide synthetic method
-
The invention relates to a synthesis method for trans N-ethyl-N-(2'-alkyl phenyl)-2-butenamide. The method comprises the steps of: 1) adding trans 2- butenoic acid into a reaction bottle, conducting dilution with an alkane solvent, performing cooling to 0-10DEG C, adding thionyl chloride dropwise, and then carrying out reaction at 10-50DEG C for 3-4h for standby use; 2) adding N-ethyl-2-alkyl aniline into the reaction bottle, conducting dilution with an alkane solvent, adding an alkaline aqueous solution, subjecting the mixed solution to stirring reaction at room temperature, adding the mixed solution obtained in step 1) slowly in a dropwise manner, and then carrying out reaction at 60-90DEG C for 5-6h at the end of dropwise adding; and 3) at the end of the reaction, separating out the organic phase, and washing the organic phase to neutral by water, conducting room temperature distillation to remove the solvent, and then performing pressure reduced distillation to separate the product. The method is simple, has high product yield, and can produce the high purity trans-structure product.
- -
-
Paragraph 0024; 0025
(2016/10/07)
-
- PSORALEN DERIVATIVES AS NON-PEPTIDIC INHIBITORS OF CHYMOTRYPSIN-LIKE ACTIVITY OF THE IMMUNOPROTEASOME
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This invention relates to new inhibitors of chymothrypsin-like activity of the immunoproteasome (inhibitors of β5? or LMP7 subunit) with the general formula (I), where substituents are described in patent description. Compounds can be in the form of pure enantiomers or as racemic mixtures, or in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts. The present invention relates to the use of these inhibitors for the treatment of diseases where immunoproteasome activity is increased.
- -
-
Paragraph 0202; 0203; 0204; 0205
(2016/10/11)
-
- PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE MODULATORS AND METHODS OF USE
-
Heterocyclic pyrimidine compounds that modulate mutant-selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ALK kinase activity are disclosed. More specifically, the invention provides pyrimidines which inhibit, regulate and/or modulate kinase receptor, particularly in selectively modulation of various EGFR mutant activity and ALK kinase activity have been disclosed. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the pyrimidine derivative,and methods of treatment for diseases associated with protein kinase enzymatic activity, particularly EGFR or ALK kinase activity including non-small cell lung cancer comprising administration of the pyrimidine derivative are disclosed.
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Page/Page column 52; 53
(2015/02/02)
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- An LC-MS/MS method to quantify acylcarnitine species including isomeric and odd-numbered forms in plasma and tissues
-
Acylcarnitines are intermediates of fatty acid and amino acid oxidation found in tissues and body fluids. They are important diagnostic markers for inherited diseases of peroxisomal and mitochondrial oxidation processes and were recently described as biomarkers of complex diseases like the metabolic syndrome. Quantification of acylcarnitine species can become challenging because various species occur as isomers and/or have very low concentrations. Here we describe a new LC-MS/MS method for quantification of 56 acylcarnitine species with acyl-chain lengths from C2 to C18. Our method includes amino acid-derived positional isomers, like methacrylyl-carnitine (2-M-C3:1-CN) and crotonyl-carnitine (C4:1-CN), and odd-numbered carbon species, like pentadecanoyl-carnitine (C15:0-CN) and heptadecanoyl-carnitine (C17:0-CN), occurring at very low concentrations in plasma and tissues. Method validation in plasma and liver samples showed high sensitivity and excellent accuracy and precision. In an application to samples from streptozotocin-treated diabetic mice, we identified significantly increased concentrations of acylcarnitines derived from branched-chain amino acid degradation and of odd-numbered straight-chain species, recently proposed as potential biomarkers for the metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, the LC-MS/MS method presented here allows robust quantification of isomeric acylcarnitine species and extends the palette of acylcarnitines with diagnostic potential derived from fatty acid and amino acid metabolism.
- Giesbertz, Pieter,Ecker, Josef,Haag, Alexander,Spanier, Britta,Daniel, Hannelore
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p. 2029 - 2039
(2015/11/17)
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- CONDENSED HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND
-
The present invention provides a fused heterocyclic compound having an RORγt inhibitory action. The present invention relates to a compound represented by the formula (I'): wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, provided that 2-(2-((4-cyanophenyl)amino)-2-oxoethoxy)-N-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)acetamide and N-(4-cyanophenyl)-N'-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-3-methylpentanediamide are excluded, or a salt thereof.
- -
-
Paragraph 0503; 0504
(2014/08/06)
-
- Organocatalytic access to enantioenriched dihydropyran phosphonates via an inverse-electron-demand hetero-Diels-Alder reaction
-
The enantioselective inverse-electron-demand hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of the remote olefin functionality in dienamines has been developed by the simultaneous activation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and acyl phosphonates. The dual activation is based on an organocatalyst that activates both the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, through dienamine formation, and the acyl phosphonate by hydrogen-bonding. The enantioselective reaction results in the formation of dihydropyran frameworks with three contiguous stereogenic centers. Different substitution patterns are possible for both the heterodiene and the dienophile, and the target products are obtained in good yields and up to 92% ee. The potential of the reaction is demonstrated by transformation of the products into valuable and complex synthons.
- Weise, Christian F.,Lauridsen, Vibeke H.,Rambo, Raoní S.,Iversen, Eva H.,Olsen, Marie-Luise,J?rgensen, Karl Anker
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p. 3537 - 3546
(2014/05/06)
-
- Ligand-promoted alkylation of C(sp3)-H and C(sp2)-H bonds
-
9-Methylacridine was identified as a generally effective ligand to promote a Pd(II)-catalyzed C(sp3) - H and C(sp2) - H alkylation of simple amides with various alkyl iodides. This alkylation reaction was applied to the preparation of unnatural amino acids and geometrically controlled tri- and tetrasubstituted acrylic acids.
- Zhu, Ru-Yi,He, Jian,Wang, Xiao-Chen,Yu, Jin-Quan
-
supporting information
p. 13194 - 13197
(2015/03/30)
-
- Total regio- and diastereocontrol in the aldol reactions of dienolborinates
-
It is reported that appropriate dienolborinates can provide access to both diastereomers of 2-(hydroxymethyl)but-3-enoates through exclusive α-regiocontrol in a non-vinylogous pathway. Contrary to previous reports in which dialkylchloroboranes failed to enolize propanoates, acidity-enhanced but-3-enoates readily undergo enolization, offering unprecedented control over the formation of these valuable synthons. The first example of an aldol reaction in the presence of a phosphine-borane adduct is also reported.
- Ramachandran, P. Veeraraghavan,Nicponski, Daniel,Kim, Bomi
-
supporting information
p. 1398 - 1401
(2013/05/09)
-
- One-Step Synthesis Method of 2,9-Dimethyl-4,7-Diphenyl-1,10- Phenanthroline
-
This invention, which belongs to the field of organic synthesis, involves “One-step synthetic method of 2,9-dimethyl-1,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline”. This method uses O-phenylenediamine and formula III to react under the condition of mixed-shrinking agent, the synthesis can be completed in one step, the stated mixed-shrinking agent is mixture of hydrochloric acid and organic acid. The organic acid serves as phase transfer catalyst and shrinking agent, meanwhile, as buffer reagent, organic acid reduces polymerization of III, and side products as well. The products gained are of high purity and the reaction is mild and easy to control. Since there is no polluting material added and generated, the waste is safe to discharge. In the after treatment of reaction, ketone solvent is used to reduce separation step and product lost, thus improving yield.
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Page/Page column 3
(2012/07/13)
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- Undirected arene and chelate-assisted olefin C-H bond activation: [Rh IIICp*]-catalyzed dehydrogenative alkene-arene coupling as a new pathway for the selective synthesis of highly substituted Z olefins
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Undirected/Directed Cross-Coupling: A new dehydrogenative Rh III-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between bromoarenes bearing no directing group and vinylic substrates substituted by a chelating group is reported. An original reaction mechanism enables the use of internal alkenes in a Z-selective coupling. The application of 1,3-disubstituted or 1,2-homodisubstituted arenes leads to the formation of highly functionalized, complex, and valuable olefins as one single isomer. Copyright
- Wencel-Delord, Joanna,Nimphius, Corinna,Patureau, Frederic W.,Glorius, Frank
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1208 - 1212
(2012/07/28)
-
- Chiral monooxazolines as modular copper(I)-heterocomplex building blocks: Investigations on the catalytic asymmetric cyclopropanation of alkenes
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Novel chiral monodentate oxazoline ligands have been synthesized in good yields. The catalytic activity of these monodentate oxazoline/Cu catalysts was evaluated in the catalytic asymmetric cyclopropanation of styrene and α-methylstyrene, giving moderate to good enantioselectivities (up to 74% ee for the trans-cyclopropane product) and full conversions (up to 100%). In an attempt to enhance the enantioselectivities of the cyclopropanations, heterocombinations of these ligands were used. Unfortunately, with the data set that was used in this study, no improvements were observed. However, to gain an insight into the nature of the active catalyst present under these circumstances, NMR, mass spectrometric and computational studies were carried out and indicated the presence of bidentate heterocomplexes in the equilibrium mixture. Analysis of the stereoselectivities (ees and des) did not prove very useful in pin-pointing the identity of the active chiral catalyst and only afforded a very weak conclusion. In order to ascertain the importance of the π-π interactions, the monodentate oxazoline ligands 3a and 3b were synthesized and screened in these reactions, and the resulting stereoselectivities were compared to the results obtained using ligands 1a and 1b. There seemed to be very weak π-π interactions at work.
- Carreiro, Elisabete P.,Ramalho, J.P. Prates,Burke, Anthony J.
-
experimental part
p. 4640 - 4648
(2011/07/08)
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- Synthesis of β,γ-unsaturated primary amides from α,β-unsaturated acids and investigation of the mechanism
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α,β-Unsaturated acids, through their acid chlorides, react with tritylamine in the presence of triethylamine under mild conditions, to afford in high yield and high regioselectivity the corresponding β,γ- unsaturated tritylamides. Detritylation with TFA generates quantitatively β,γ-unsaturated primary amides. An investigation of this deconjugative isomerization was performed.
- Theodorou, Vassiliki,Gogou, Marina,Philippidou, Maria,Ragoussis, Valentine,Paraskevopoulos, Georgios,Skobridis, Konstantinos
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experimental part
p. 5630 - 5634
(2011/08/22)
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- Total synthesis of racemic laurenditerpenol, an HIF-1 inhibitor
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(Figure Presented) The convergent total synthesis of the HIF-1 inhibitor laurenditerpenol 1 and its diastereomer 1′ is reported. The key step involves the Julia-Kocienski olefination-reduction process between the sulfone 55 and the aldehyde 54. The unusual trimethylated oxanorbornane sulfone 55 was successfully synthesized from the known exo Diels-Alder adduct 24 of 2,5-dimethylfuran 7 and maleic anhydride 23 in 8 steps. The aldehyde 54 was prepared by ring-opening and elaboration of lactone 41. In addition, four analogues of 1 were also successfully synthesized for biological testing.
- Jung, Michael E.,Im, G.-Yoon Jamie
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 8739 - 8753
(2010/03/04)
-
- Enantioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of diazoacetates with electron-deficient olefins
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Equation presented A general strategy for highly enantioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of diazoesters to β-substituted, α-substituted, and α,β-disubstituted α,β-unsaturated pyrazolidinone imides is described. Cycloadditions utilizing less reactive α,β-disubstituted dipolarophiles require elevated reaction temperatures, but still provide the corresponding pyrazolines with excellent enantioselectivities. Finally, an efficient synthesis of (-)-manzacidin A employing this cycloaddition methodology as a key step is illustrated.
- Sibi, Mukund P.,Stanley, Levi M.,Soeta, Takahiro
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p. 1553 - 1556
(2008/02/04)
-
- Structure activity studies with xenobiotic substrates using carboxylesterases isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana
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Carboxylesterases (CXEs) catalyse the hydrolysis of xenobiotics and natural products radically altering their biological activities. Whereas the substrate selectivity of animal CXEs, such as porcine liver esterase (PLE) have been well studied, the respective enzymes in plants have yet to be defined and their activities determined. Using Arabidopsis thaliana (At) as a source, five representative members of the α/β hydrolase AtCXE family of proteins have been cloned, expressed and the purified recombinant proteins assayed for esterase activity with xenobiotic substrates. Two members, AtCXE5 and AtCXE18 were found to be active carboxylesterases, though AtCXE5 proved to be highly unstable as a soluble protein. AtCXE18 and the previously characterised S-formylglutathione hydrolase from Arabidopsis (AtSFGH) were assayed against a series of esters based on methylumbelliferone in which the acyl moiety was varied with respect to size and conformation. The same series was used to assay crude esterase preparation from Arabidopsis plants and the results compared with those obtained with the commonly used PLE. With straight chain esters, AtCXE18 behaved like PLE, but the Arabidopsis hydrolases proved less tolerant of branched chain acyl components than the mammalian enzyme. While none of the enzyme preparations accurately reflected all the activities determined with crude Arabidopsis protein extracts, the plant enzymes proved more useful than PLE in predicting the hydrolysis of the more sterically constrained esters.
- Cummins, Ian,Landrum, Marie,Steel, Patrick G.,Edwards, Robert
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p. 811 - 818
(2008/03/13)
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- An entry to a chiral dihydropyrazole scaffold: Enantioselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition of nitrile imines
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We have developed a versatile strategy to access dihydropyrazoles in highly enantioenriched form. Dipolar cycloaddition of electron-deficient acceptors and in situ-generated nitrile imines proceeds with high regio- and enantioselectivity using 10 mol % chiral Lewis acid catalyst. A variety of dihydropyrazoles that incorporate functionality for further manipulation have been prepared. Copyright
- Sibi, Mukund P.,Stanley, Levi M.,Jasperse, Craig P.
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p. 8276 - 8277
(2007/10/03)
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- OPIOID AND OPIOID-LIKE COMPOUNDS AND USES THEREOF
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The present invention relates to opioid and opioid-like compounds, and pharmaceutical formulations containing the same and methods of use thereof. Uses of the present invention include, but are not limited to, use for the prevention and treatment of septic shock and other disorders. The compounds described herein can be water soluble and can act through mechanisms mediated through pathways other than opiate receptors.
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Page/Page column 31
(2008/06/13)
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- Rational Design of Highly Diastereoselective, Organic Base-Catalyzed, Room-Temperature Michael Addition Reactions
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Via the rational design of a single-preferred transition state, stabilized by electron donor - acceptor-type attractive interactions, structural and geometric requirements for the corresponding starting compounds have been determined. The Ni(II) complex of the Schiff base of glycine with o-[N-α-picolylamino]acetophenone, as a nucleophilic glycine equivalent, and N-(trans-enoyl)oxazolidin-2-ones, as derivatives of an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid, were found to be the substrates of choice featuring geometric/conformational homogeneity and high reactivity. The corresponding Michael addition reactions were found to proceed at room temperature in the presence of catalytic amounts of DBU to afford quantitatively the addition products with virtually complete diastereoselectivity. Acidic decomposition of the products followed by treatment of the reaction mixture with NH4OH gave rise to the diastereomerically pure 3-substituted pyroglutamic acids.
- Soloshonok, Vadim A.,Cai, Chaozhong,Hruby, Victor J.,Van Meervelt, Luc,Yamazaki, Takashi
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p. 6688 - 6696
(2007/10/03)
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- Design and synthesis of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds as potential ACE inhibitors
-
The α,β-unsaturated amide that is incorporated into the basic structural frame of a simple substrate molecule of angiotensin converting enzyme was found to serve as a Michael acceptor for the catalytic carboxylate of Glu-127, inhibiting the enzyme irreversibly. (C) 2000 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.
- Choo, Hea-Young Park,Peak, Kyung-Hee,Park, Jongsei,Kim, Dong Hyun,Chung, Hak Soon
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p. 643 - 648
(2007/10/03)
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- 4-endo-trig cyclization processes using bis(collidine)bromine(i) hexafluorophosphate as reagent: Preparation of 2-oxetanones, 2-azetidinones, and oxetanes
-
Reaction in methylene chloride of bis(collidine)bromine(I) hexafluorophosphate with α,β-unsaturated acids and α,β-unsaturated N- sulfonamides was found to lead diastereospecifically to the corresponding 2- oxetanones and 2-azetidinones in moderate yields (23-60%), by an almost unknown 4-endo cyclization. This process allow the synthesis of these interesting classes of products in one step from common substrates. Similarly, the reaction of cinnamic alcohols led, by the same cyclization procedure, to oxetanes (20-36%); the presence of a gem-dimethyl group in α of the alcohol function appeared beneficial.
- Homsi, Fadi,Rousseau, Gerard
-
-
- New indenyl titanium catalysts for syndiospecific styrene polymerizations
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A series of multi-methyl-substituted indenes as well as allylindene, n-propylindene, n-but-1-enylindene, and n-butylindene have been prepared in good yields. The substituted indenes were converted into trimethylsilyl derivatives via reactions of intermediate organolithium complexes with chlorotrimethylsilane. The corresponding titanium complexes were synthesized in excellent yields from reactions of the trimethylsilyl derivatives with TiCl4. The titanium complexes were evaluated as styrene polymerization catalysts in toluene solution when activated by methylaluminoxane. In general, catalytic activities decreased with each additional methyl substituent. Syndiospecificities were very high (90-95%).
- Ready, Thomas E.,Chien, James C.W.,Rausch, Marvin D.
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- Pyridazinone derivatives and processes for preparing the same
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Disclosed is a pyridazinone compound represented by the formula (I): STR1 wherein X represents hydrogen atom or the like; Y represents a single bonding arm, oxygen atom or sulfur atom; A represents a straight or branched alkylene group which may have a double bond; B represents carbonyl group or thiocarbonyl group; and R2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted or the like; or B represents sulfonyl group; and R2 represents a lower alkenyl group or the like; R1 represents hydrogen atom or the like; R3 represents hydrogen atom or the like; R4 represents hydrogen atom or the like; and R5 represents hydrogen atom or the like, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
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- Stereoselective reduction of β,δ-diketo esters. A novel strategy for the synthesis of artificial HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
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Condensation of N-methoxy-N-methyl amides with the dianions of acetoacetates gives in good yields β,δ-diketo esters, which are reduced with Et2BOMe-NaBH4 in tetrahydrofuran-methanol highly selectively to give syn-β,δ-dihydroxy esters in one step. Similarly, the β,δ-diketo esters of the Taber's chiral alcohol or its enantiomer respectively are reduced to give syn-β,δ-dihydroxy esters of moderate enantiomeric excess. Higher diastereo- and enantioselectivity were achieved by reduction of the β,δ-diketo esters of the Taber's chiral alcohol or its enantiomer successively with diisobutylalane and with Et2BOMe-NaBH4. The resulting syn-diol esters were hydrolyzed and lactonized to give various types of β-hydroxy-δ-lactones commonly found in artificial HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.
- Hiyama,Reddy,Minami,Hanamoto
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p. 350 - 363
(2007/10/02)
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- FOTOQUIMICA DE -TOLUIDIDAS DE ACIDOS αβ-INSATURADOS. INFLUENCIA DE LA ADICION DE CARBONATO POTASICO
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Irradiation of the p-toluidides of crotonic and cinnamic acids (2a,c) gives rise predominantly to the cis isomers 5a,c, together with appreciable amounts of 4,6-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2-quinolone (6a) in the case of 2a.The corresponding photo-Fries products have not been detected, even when the irradiation is performed in the presence of K2CO3.By contrast, photolysis of the p-toluidides of methylcrotonic and phenylpropiolic acids (2b,d) gives rise to the o-aminophenones 7b,d (in addition to the quinolone 6b from 2b).For these two amides, as well as for acetanilide and benzanilide, the selectivity towards the acyl migration product markedly increases when the irradiation is performed in the presence of K2CO3.Key words: Enamides' photocyclization, photo-Fries, quinolones.
- Barbera, Carmen,Garcia, Hermenegildo,Miranda, Miguel Angel,Primo, Jaime
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- SYNTHESE REGIOSPECIFIQUE D'AMIDO-1 VINYL-2 CYCLOPROPANES A PARTIR DE LITHIENS ALLYLIQUES MONOHALOGENES ET D'AMIDES TERTIAIRES α-ETHYLENIQUIES
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Chloroallyllitium and gem-chloro(methyl)allyllithium readly react, via conjugated addition and cyclisation, with α-ethylenic aliphatic tertiary amides to produce, in a "one-pot" reaction, alkyl-substituted 1-amido-2-vinylcyclopropanes.
- Ongoka, Pascal,Mauze, Bernard,Miginiac, Leone
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p. 131 - 140
(2007/10/02)
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- AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF HEXAMETHYLPHENALENE
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The synthesis of 1,3,4,6,7,9-hexamethylphenalene (2) has been improved from 15 steps to a four step procedure.The overall yield has been increased from an estimated 5percent to 45percent.Key steps in the synthesis are the reaction of 3,5-dimethylbenzylmagnesium chloride with 2,4-pentanedioato lithium in THF to make 5-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-4-methyl-4-hydroxy-2-pentanone (5) and the Lewis acid acylation-alkation of 1,3,6,8-tetramethylnaphthalene using 3-chlorobutanoic chloride in hexane with sonicaton to make 1,3,4,6,7,9-hexamethyl-phenalane (2).
- Boudjouk, Philip,Ohrbom, Walter H.,Woell, James B.
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p. 401 - 410
(2007/10/02)
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- Synthese und fluessigkristalline Eigenschaften 2,6-disubstituierter Naphtaline
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The syntheses and the mesomorphic properties of a series of novel 2,6-disubstituted naphthalenes are described. 4-benzonitriles 5 and 4-benzonitriles 8 exhibit wide-range nematic mesophases. 6,6'-Di(n-Alkyl)-2,2'-binaphthyls 6 have been isolated as by-products from the reaction mixtures of 5.Some of these novel compounds have polymorphic properties.The esters 13 and 15 of 4-(6-hydroxy-2-naphthyl)benzonitrile show enhanced mesophase stabilities which reach maximum values in the series of α,β-unsaturated esters 15.The 4-(n-pentyl)benzoate 14 of the same (hydroxynaphthyl)benzonitrile has a melting point of 125 deg and a clearing point of > 310 deg.This particular derivative belongs to those liquid-crystalline compounds having the broadest purely nematic-phase range.In addition, (RS)-4-(2-pentyl-6-chromanyl)benzonitrile (20) and three compounds with two and four laterally arranged CN groups at the bicyclooctene, bicyclooctadiene, and phenyl-ring systems 31-33 were synthesized.Only 20 shows mesomorphic properties.
- Lauk, Urs H.,Skrabal, Peter,Zollinger, Heinrich
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p. 1406 - 1426
(2007/10/02)
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- SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF LIQUID CRYSTALS. III. CHOLESTERYL ESTERS OF SOME CIS,TRANS-ISOMERIC UNSATURATED ACIDS
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A series of esters of cholesterol with the cis,trans isomers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids were synthesized.The effect of the nature and of the configuration of the substituents in relation to the double bond in the acid component of the cholesterol esters on the mesogenic capacity was established.The phase transition temperatures were determined.
- Bogat-skii, A. V.,Galantina, A. I.,Derkach, L. G.,Taubert D.
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p. 2072 - 2075
(2007/10/02)
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