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X-GAL, or 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside, is a colorless chemical substrate used in molecular biology to detect the activity of the enzyme beta-galactosidase. It is metabolized by the enzyme to produce a blue compound, 5,5'-dibromo-4,4'-dichloro-indigo, which can be easily visualized. The presence of beta-galactosidase, commonly used as a reporter gene in molecular biology experiments, can be identified by the blue coloration. X-GAL is a valuable tool for researchers in the field of molecular biology, often used in conjunction with other substrates to identify and select for cells containing the beta-galactosidase enzyme.
Usage:
Used in Molecular Biology Research:
X-GAL is used as a detection agent for identifying the activity of the enzyme beta-galactosidase. It serves as a visual indicator of the presence of the enzyme, allowing researchers to easily identify cells containing the beta-galactosidase gene.
Used in Genetic Engineering:
X-GAL is used as a selection marker in genetic engineering to identify and select for cells that have successfully incorporated the beta-galactosidase gene. This helps researchers ensure the successful transfer and expression of the gene of interest.
Used in Cell Culture and Tissue Engineering:
X-GAL is used as a staining agent in cell culture and tissue engineering to visualize the distribution and expression of beta-galactosidase within cells and tissues. This aids in the assessment of gene expression patterns and the effectiveness of gene delivery methods.
Used in Diagnostic Applications:
X-GAL is used as a diagnostic tool in detecting the presence of beta-galactosidase activity in clinical samples, which can be indicative of certain genetic disorders or infections. The blue coloration produced by X-GAL provides a simple and reliable method for identifying the presence of the enzyme.
Used in Educational Settings:
X-GAL is used as a teaching tool in educational settings to demonstrate the principles of gene expression, enzyme activity, and molecular biology techniques. It provides a hands-on, visual experience for students to understand the concepts and techniques used in molecular biology research.

72122-63-5

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72122-63-5 Usage

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 72122-63-5 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 7,2,1,2 and 2 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 6 and 3 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 72122-63:
(7*7)+(6*2)+(5*1)+(4*2)+(3*2)+(2*6)+(1*3)=95
95 % 10 = 5
So 72122-63-5 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C30H37N5O7/c31-22(16-20-10-12-21(36)13-11-20)29(41)34-14-5-9-25(34)28(40)33-23(17-19-6-2-1-3-7-19)30(42)35-15-4-8-24(35)27(39)32-18-26(37)38/h1-3,6-7,10-13,22-25,36H,4-5,8-9,14-18,31H2,(H,32,39)(H,33,40)(H,37,38)/t22-,23-,24-,25?/m0/s1

72122-63-5SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 19, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 19, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name X-GAL

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names Deprolorphin

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only.
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:72122-63-5 SDS

72122-63-5Relevant articles and documents

HOAt.DCHA as co-coupling agent in the synthesis of peptides employing Fmoc-amino acid chlorides as coupling agents: Application to the synthesis of ss-casomorphin

Sureshbabu, Vommina V.,Chennakrishnareddy, Gundala

experimental part, p. 981 - 988 (2009/12/28)

A simple, efficient and racemization free method for the synthesis of peptides employing Fmoc-amino acid chlorides mediated by HOAtDCHA as a co-coupling agent has been described. This protocol is successfully employed in the synthesis of the pentapeptide H-Pro-Gly-VaI-GIy-VaI-OH (PGVGV), and ss-casomorphin (H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly-OH) in 85 and 80% yields, respectively.

HOBt·DCHA-mediated synthesis of sterically hindered peptides employing Fmoc-amino acid chlorides in both solution-phase and solid phase methods

Sureshbabu, Vommina V.,Sudarshan, Naremaddepalli S.,Chenna Krishna

, p. 2625 - 2637 (2008/12/22)

The synthesis of peptides employing Fmoc-amino acid chlorides in presence of HOBt·DCHA salt in solution as well as by the solid-phase methods is described. The coupling was found to be complete in 30 min and free from racemization. The synthesis of β-casomorphin by solid-phase protocol employing Fmoc-amino acid chloride/HOBt·DCHA in DMF-CH2Cl2 has also been outlined. The final peptide was obtained in 80% yield and was fully characterized. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

A rapid and efficient synthesis of β-casomorphin employing Boc-amino acids and 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate as a coupling agent

Babu, V.V. Suresh,Tantry

, p. 2708 - 2712 (2007/10/03)

The synthesis of β-casomorphin H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly-OH employing Boc group for Nα-protection and 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (Fmoc-Cl) for the formation of peptide bond is described. The protocol employing Fmoc-Cl as coupling reagent is found to be simple, efficient and rapid. All the intermediate peptides as well as the final protected peptide Boc-Tyr( iBu)-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly-OMe have been isolated and fully characterized. They have been obtained in good yield and with high purity.

Synthesis of β-casomorphin employing Fmoc-amino acid chlorides and t-butyldimethylsilyloxy benzotriazole (TBDMS-OBt)

Tantry, Subramanyam J.,Mathad, Raveendra I.,Suresh Babu, Vommina V.

, p. 2104 - 2108 (2007/10/03)

Coupling of Fmoc-amino acid chlorides can be carried out using t-butyldimethylsilyloxy benzotriazole, the reaction being carried out in organic medium. No addition of base is required. The coupling is fast and racemization free. The workup and isolation of product are easy. Thus, the synthesis of β-casomorphin (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly) is accomplished.

Coupling in the absence of a tertiary base: A method for the deprotonation of hydrochloride salts of peptide esters to free amino peptide esters

Tantry, Subramanyam J.,Ananda,Suresh Babu

, p. 1028 - 1031 (2007/10/03)

The deprotonation of hydrochloride salts of peptide esters is accomplished using activated zinc dust. The reaction is neat and quantitative. Addition of a tertiary base is eliminated during the coupling. The free amino peptide esters have been isolated in good yield and purity. This method is extended for the synthesis of β-casomorphin (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly). During its synthesis, all the intermediate free amino peptide esters have been isolated and characterized.

Fmoc-peptide acid chlorides in fragment coupling: Synthesis of β- casomorphin by 3+2 divergent approach

Suresh Babu,Gayathri,Gopi

, p. 79 - 91 (2007/10/03)

Fmoc-peptide acid chlorides are prepared and used as rapid and efficient coupling agents in fragment coupling. Thus the synthesis of the model tetrapeptide Leu-Ala-Gly-Val and β-casomorhin (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly) are accomplished by the (2+2) and (3+2) divergent approach respectively.

Synthesis of peptides mediated by AgCN

Suresh Babu,Gayathri

, p. 1109 - 1113 (2007/10/03)

The acylation reactions employing Fmoc-amino acid chlorides have been carried out in the presence of AgCN. There is no addition of any base. The coupling is fast and racemization free. The work up and the isolation of products are easy. Thus the synthesis of several dipeptides, a model tetrapeptide, Leu-Ala-Gly-Val and β-casomorphin (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly) are accomplished.

Fmoc-amino acid chlorides-KOBt in solid phase peptide synthesis

Sivanandaiah, K. M.,Babu, V. V. Suresh,Gangadhar, B. P.

, p. 620 - 623 (2007/10/02)

Fmoc-amino acid chlorides can be used along with KOBt instead of the routinely employed 1:1 mixture of base (TEA or DIEA) and catalyst (HOBt or Piv) in solid phase peptide synthesis.No additional base is required.Coupling is fast and racemization free.Thus, the opioid peptide, β-casomorphin (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly) and the laminin fragment, Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg-NH2 have been obtained in good yields as well as purity.

SYNTHESIS AND FAST-ATOM BOMBARDMENT MASS SPECTROMETRY OF β-CASOMORPHIN-5

Banfi, Stefano,Rubino, Federico Maria,Sommaruga, Maurizio,Restani, Patrizia

, p. 41 - 46 (2007/10/02)

A fully detailed solution synthesis of β-casomorphin-5 (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly) and positive FAB mass spectra of all synthetic intermediates are reported, together with the B/E daughter ion spectrum of the peptide, and the corresponding sequence determination.

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