- Regeneration of Aqueous Periodate Solutions by Ozone Treatment: A Sustainable Approach for Dialdehyde Cellulose Production
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A method for easy and fast regeneration of aqueous periodate solutions from dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) production by ozone treatment is presented, along with a direct and reliable simultaneous quantification of iodate and periodate by reversed-phase HPLC. The influence of iodate and ozone concentration, solution pH, and reaction time on the regeneration efficiency was studied, as well as the reaction kinetics. Regeneration of spent periodate solutions by ozone was successfully performed in alkaline medium, which favors the formation of free .OH radicals, as supported by the addition of radical scavengers and quantum mechanical calculations. At pH 13 and an ozone concentration of approximately 150 mg L-1, periodate was completely regenerated from a 100 mm solution of iodate within 1 h at room temperature. A cyclic process of cellulose oxidation and subsequent regeneration of spent periodate with 90 % efficiency has been developed. So far, commercial applications of DAC have been hampered by difficulties in reusing the costly periodate. This work overcomes this hurdle and presents a highly efficient, clean, and low-cost protocol for the preparation of DAC with integrated periodate recycling, with the possibility of scaling the process up.
- Koprivica, Slavica,Siller, Martin,Hosoya, Takashi,Roggenstein, Walter,Rosenau, Thomas,Potthast, Antje
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- Polymer-drug conjugates comprising hydrazide linkers
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Carriers for drug delivery, methods of making such carriers and for associating them to drugs, the resulting carrier and drug combination and methods for drug delivery, particularly controlled or sustained release delivery, using such carrier and drug combinations.
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- Hydrogels and water soluble polymeric carriers for durg delivery
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Carriers for drug delivery, methods of making such carriers and for associating them to drugs, the resulting carrier and drug combination and methods for drug delivery, particularly controlled or sustained release delivery, using such carrier and drug combinations.
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- 5'ESTs for secreted proteins expressed in various tissues
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The sequences of 5' ESTs derived from mRNAs encoding secreted proteins are disclosed. The 5' ESTs may be used to obtain cDNAs and genomic DNAs corresponding to the 5' ESTs. The 5' ESTs may also be used in diagnostic, forensic, gene therapy, and chromosome mapping procedures. Upstream regulatory sequences may also be obtained using the 5' ESTs. The 5' ESTs may also be used to design expression vectors and secretion vectors.
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- 5' ESTs for secreted proteins expressed in various tissues
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The sequences of 5' ESTs derived from mRNAs encoding secreted proteins are disclosed. The 5' ESTs may be used to obtain cDNAs and genomic DNAs corresponding to the 5' ESTs. The 5' ESTs may also be used in diagnostic, forensic, gene therapy, and chromosome mapping procedures. Upstream regulatory sequences may also be obtained using the 5' ESTs. The 5' ESTs may also be used to design expression vectors and secretion vectors.
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- 5' ests for secreted proteins expressed in muscle and other mesodermal tissues
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The sequences of 5' ESTs derived from mRNAs encoding secreted proteins are disclosed. The 5' ESTs may be used to obtain cDNAs and genomic DNAs corresponding to the 5' ESTs. The 5' ESTs may also be used in diagnostic, forensic, gene therapy, and chromosome mapping procedures. Upstream regulatory sequences may also be obtained using the 5' ESTs. The 5' ESTs may also be used to design expression vectors and secretion vectors.
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- Method for production of halogen-containing aromatic compound
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This invention relates to a method for the production of an aromatic compound (II) having a (CH2)nCX2Br group (wherein X represents a fluorine or chlorine atom and the X's may be same or different, and n is an integer in the range of 0 to 4) by the reaction of photo-bromination of an aromatic compound (I) having a (CH2)nCX2H group (wherein X and n are as defined above) with a brominating agent, wherein the photo-bromination reaction is carried out while removing hydrogen bromide generated in the reaction system and/or in an atmosphere of a low oxygen content, and a halogen-containing naphthalene compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein Y represents —CF2H, —CF2Br, or —CHO group, Z1and Z2independently represent a halogen atom, and p and q independently are an integer in the range of 0 to 3.
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- PROBE FOR USE IN NUCLEIC ACID ANALYSIS AND DETECTING METHOD
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A probe for detecting nonradioactive nucleic acids by the hybridization technique, and a highly sensitive and highly selective method for the detection. The probe comprises a set of two or more oligonucleotide probes that can hybridize perfectly complementarily with the specific portion of the sequence of the consecutive bases of the target nucleic acid, each oligonucleotide probe being labeled at the 5' or 3' end thereof with a chromophoric group having a suitable spatial arrangement so that adjacent chromophoric groups can yield an excimer or the like when each probe hybridizes with the target nucleic acid. More specifically, although the probe of the invention comprises a set of two or more labeled probes and the labeling groups to be detected are present each on a different probe, the labeling groups take such a spatial arrangement that the two chromophoric groups present on the two probes which have come to exist adjacent to each other only after the hybridization with the target nucleic acid induce unique phenomena such as excimer fluorescence, thereby enabling the target nucleic acid to be detected with a high recognizability. Thus the probe of the invention enables the erroneous recognition which has been problematic heretofore to be reduced remarkably and the types of utilizable labeling groups to be varied widely. Further it is possible to improve the detection sensitivity remarkably because it is possible to reduce the background noise remarkably. In addition, it is possible to discriminate a number of (single-base variation) nucleic acids that are different from one another in only one base present at a specific position to be detected, which has been difficult heretofore.
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- Synthesis of 19-nor vitamin D compounds
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A convergent synthesis of 19-nor-vitamin D compounds, specifically 19-nor-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, is disclosed. The synthesis can also readily be utilized for preparing other 1α-hydroxylated 19-nor-vitamin D compounds. The key step in the synthesis is a suitable application of Lythgoe's procedure i.e. a Horner-Wittig reaction of the lithium anion of a phosphine oxide with a Windaus Grundmann ketone to give, after any necessary deprotection, the desired 19-nor-vitamin D compound.
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- Use of indole derivative for dyeing keratin materials, tinctorial compositions, new compounds and dyeing process
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Process for dyeing keratin fibers by using derivatives of formula: STR1 where: R1 =H, lower alkyl or SiR11 R12 R13 ; R2 and R3, which may be identical or different, =H, alkyl, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl or --COOSiR11 R12 R13 ; R4 to R7, which may be identical or different, =H or an O--Z group, where Z=H, C1 -C20 alkyl, aralkyl, formyl, C2 -C20 acyl, C3 -C20 alkenyl, --SiR11 R12 R13, --P(O)(OR8)2, R8 OSO2 ; or a heterocycle which may contain a P(O)(OR8) or CR9 R10 group; with the reservation that at least two of R4 to R7 denotes OZ or form a ring, and that at least one of R4 or R7 represents OZ; R8 and R9 =H, lower alkyl; R10 =alkoxy, mono- or dialkylamino; R11, R12 and R13, which may be identical or different, are alkyl groups; or their alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal, ammonium and amine salts.
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