2039-90-9Relevant articles and documents
Kinetics of α-(2,6-Dimethylphenl)vinyllithium: How to Control Errors Caused by Inefficient Mixing with Pairs of Rapidly Competing Ketones
Knorr, Rudolf,Knittl, Monika,Behringer, Claudia,Ruhdorfer, Jakob,B?hrer, Petra
, p. 2843 - 2854 (2017/03/23)
Kinetic studies are a suitable tool to disclose the role of tiny reagent fractions. The title compound 2 reacted in a kinetic reaction order of 0.5 (square root of its concentration) with an excess of the electrophiles ClSiMe3, 1-bromobutane (n-BuBr), or 1-iodobutane (n-BuI) at 32 °C in Et2O or in hydrocarbon solvents. This revealed that the tiny (NMR-invisible) amount of a deaggregated equilibrium component (presumably monomeric 2) was the reactive species, whereas the disolvated dimer 2 was only indirectly involved as a supply depot. Selectivity data (relative rate constants κobs) were collected from competition experiments with the faster reactions of 2 in THF and the addition reactions of 2 to carbonyl compounds. This provided the rate sequences of Et2C=O > dicyclopropyl ketone > t-Bu-C(=O)-Ph > diisopropyl ketone ? t-Bu2C=O > ClSiMe3 > n-BuI > n-BuBr ≈ (bromomethyl)cyclopropane (but t-Bu2C=O 3 in THF only) and also of cyclopropanecarbaldehyde > acetone ≥ t-Bu-CH=O. It is suggested that a deceivingly depressed selectivity (1 obs A/kB), caused by inefficient microscopic mixing of a reagent X with two competing substrates A and B, may become evident toward zero deviation from the correlation line of the usual inverse (1/T) linear temperature dependence of ln κobs.
Cross coupling in water: Suzuki-Miyaura vinylation and difluorovinylation of arylboronic acids
Pschierer, Jan,Peschek, Natalie,Plenio, Herbert
experimental part, p. 636 - 642 (2010/08/20)
A general and efficient protocol for the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of aryl boronic acids with vinylmesylate or difluorovinylmesylate or Cl 2CCF2 in water or water/n-butanol is reported, utilizing Na2PdCl4 (1 mol%) and a highly water-soluble fluorenylphosphine (CataCXium F sulf).
Dimeric α-lithio-2,6-dimethylstyrene
Knorr, Rudolf,Behringer, Claudia,Noeth, Heinrich,Schmidt, Martin,Lattke, Ernst,Raepple, Edith
, p. 585 - 592 (2007/10/03)
Improved preparations of 2,6-dimethylstyrene (5) and its abromo derivative (10) are described. The Br/Li exchange reaction of 10 provides single crystals of the title compounds 11 or 12, which were characterized as disolvated dimers by X-ray analyses. A similar dimer persists in diethyl ether, tertbutyl methyl ether, and toluene at all accessible temperatures, with significant lithiation NMR shifts (relative to 5) partially due to charge delocalization from the sp2-carbanionic center. Some NMR coupling constants are typical of the dimeric aggregate. The configurational (E,Z) lability is quantified in toluene solution. VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH.