299-27-4

Basic information

• Product Name: Potassium gluconate
• Synonyms: monopotassium salt, d-gluconic acid;POTASSIUM GLUCONATE ANHYDROUS;2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxycaproic acid potassium salt, D-Gluconic acid potassium salt, Potassium D-gluconate;2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxycaproic acid potassium salt, D-Gluconic acid potassium salt;Gluconic acid, potassium salt,99%;Potassium Gluconate (200 mg);Gluconic acid, potassiuM salt, 99% 1KG;Gluconic acid, potassiuM salt, 99% 250GR
• CAS NO: 299-27-4
• Molecular Formula: C₆H₁₁O₇*K
• Molecular Weight: 234.25
• EINECS: 206-074-2
• Product Categories: Biochemistry;Glucose;Sugar Acids;Sugars
• Mol File: 299-27-4.mol

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 183 °C (dec.)(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 673.6 °C at 760 mmHg
• Flash Point: 375.2 °C
• Appearance: White to off-white/Crystalline Powder
• Density: 1.73 g/cm3
• Storage Temp.: room temp
• Solubility: H2O: soluble50mg/mL
• Water Solubility: Soluble in water. (50 mg/ml).
• Merck: 14,4456
• BRN: 3919448
• CAS DataBase Reference: Potassium gluconate(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Potassium gluconate(299-27-4)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Potassium gluconate(299-27-4)

Safety Data

• Statements: 36/37/38
• Safety Statements: 24/25
• WGK Germany: 1
• RTECS: LZ5230000
• TSCA: Yes
• Hazardous Substances Data: 299-27-4(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Chemical Properties

white to off-white crystalline or granular powder

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 299-27-4 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Replenisher (electrolyte).
2. Potassium Gluconate is a nutritional source of potassium used in fortification. it has solubility in water at 20°c of greater than 900 g/l, and a ph of approximately 7.0 at 1% solution. it can be used as a partial replacement for sodium chloride to reduce the level of sodium, such as in cheese and bakery goods.
3. Potassium D-gluconate widely used as sequestering compounds for metal ions in alkaline systems. It is used in a newly developed process entitled ARS for the prevention of shrinkage in dyed wool fabric. Potassium gluconate has been shown to elevate lactate production, and ATP content, as well as induce the Hemoglobin (methemoglobin) reduction rate in rat erythrocytes. It is used in cell culture and in large scale applications such as the cleaning of metal surfaces.

Brand name

Kaon (Savage).

General Description

Potassium Gluconate is a potassium salt of gluconic acid. It is a commonly administered nutrient supplement form of potassium.Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

Flammability and Explosibility

Nonflammable

Biochem/physiol Actions

Potassium D-gluconate, the potassium salt of gluconic acid, is used in cell culture and in large scale applications such as the cleaning of metal surfaces and in fertilizers.

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route. Mddly toxic by ingestion. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of K2O.

InChI:InChI=1/C7H14O7.K/c1-7(14,5(11)6(12)13)4(10)3(9)2-8;/h3-5,8-11,14H,2H2,1H3,(H,12,13);/q;+1/p-1

Synthetic route

D-glucose (50-99-7) → potassium gluconate (299-27-4)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate; potassium bromide Electrolysis.durch elektrolytische Oxydation;

2,3-Anhydro-6-bromo-6-deoxy-D-mannono-1,4-lactone (143539-05-3) → potassium gluconate (299-27-4)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; potassium carbonate In water; 4-methyl-2-pentanone for 48h; pH=2 - 7;

D-Glucono-1,5-lactone (90-80-2) → potassium gluconate (299-27-4)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium hydroxide In water for 2h; Thermodynamic data; Heating;

aluminum isopropoxide (555-31-7) + potassium gluconate (299-27-4) → {Al(gluconate)(OH)2} (152776-71-1)

Conditions	Yield
In water gluconate in water acidified with HCl, addn. of Al-compd., heated at 60°C for 3 h; cooled to room temp., addn. of acetone, filtered, redissolved in water, repptd. with ethanol; elem. anal.;	93%

potassium gluconate (299-27-4) → potassium 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

Conditions	Yield
With transformed E.coli BL21 In water at 37℃; pH=8.5; Product distribution / selectivity; Microbiological reaction;

potassium gluconate (299-27-4) + nickel(II) nitrate → nickel(II) saccharate trihydrate

Conditions	Yield
In water pptn. (25°C, 24 h); collection (filtn.), drying over silica gel (2 weeks); elem. anal.;

oxovanadium(IV) sulfate + potassium gluconate (299-27-4) → [VO(H2O)2(D-gluconate-2H)] + [(VO(H2O)(D-gluconate-2H))2(μ-OH)]

Conditions	Yield
In water synthesized by modified procedure according to Williams, P. A. M. et al., Carbohydr. Res. 329 (2000) 4; concd. solns. V and org. compds. mixed in water at neutral pH; solvent evapd., recrystd.;

potassium gluconate (299-27-4) → L-glucono-1,5-lactone (52153-09-0) + γ lactone of/the/ l-gluconic acid (74464-44-1)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: potassium gluconate With hydrogenchloride In water at 50℃; pH=2.5; Heating / reflux; Stage #2: With triethylamine In water at 20℃; pH=7;

Upstream product

• 90-80-2 D-Glucono-1,5-lactone 
• 143539-05-3 2,3-Anhydro-6-bromo-6-deoxy-D-mannono-1,4-lactone 
• 50-99-7 D-glucose 

Downstream Products

• 52153-09-0 L-glucono-1,5-lactone 
• 74464-44-1 γ lactone of/the/ l-gluconic acid 
• 3238-40-2 furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 

Relevant articles and documents

Crystal structure and chemical thermodynamic properties of potassium d-gluconate K(d-C6H11O7)(s)

An important coordination compound potassium d-gluconate K[d-C6H11O7](s) has been synthesized by liquid phase method. The chemical component and crystal structure of the important compound are characterized by chemical analysis, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography. Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals that the compound exhibits the chelate property of d-gluconate anions to K+ cations, a six-membered chelate ring is formed by the coordination of K+ with O2 of carboxylate and O4 of hydroxyl in a d-gluconate, and one cation is coordinated to six d-gluconate anions. The lattice potential energy and ionic volume of the anion [d-C6H11O7]? are obtained from crystallographic data. In accordance with Hess’ law, a reasonable thermochemical cycle is designed according to the practical synthesis reaction of the compound and the standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound is calculated to be ?(1754.17?±?0.19)?kJ?mol?1 as an important physical quantity in chemical thermodynamics by an isoperibol solution–reaction calorimeter. Molar enthalpies of dissolution of the compound at various molalities are measured at T?=?298.15?K in the double-distilled water. According to Pitzer’s electrolyte solution theory, molar enthalpy of dissolution of the title compound at infinite dilution is calculated to be ΔsHm∞?=?(27.92?±?0.21)?kJ?mol?1. In terms of the above value, the standard molar enthalpy of formation of the anion [d-C6H11O7]? in the aqueous solution is determined to be =??(1473.87?±?0.28)?kJ?mol???1. The values of relative apparent molar enthalpies (ΦL) and relative partial molar enthalpies of the solvent (Lˉ 1) and the compound (Lˉ 2) at different concentrations m/(mol?kg?1) are derived from the experimental values of the enthalpies of dissolution of the compound.

PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF ALDONIC ACIDS AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF

A process for the preparation of L-gluconic acid or a salt thereof, comprises treating an aqueous solution of 6-bromo-6-deoxy-2,3-anhydro-D-manno-1,4-lactone with a base at a pH of at least 12 and at a temperature of 45 to 55° C. to obtain an aqueous solution of L-gluconic acid.