3440-23-1Relevant articles and documents
Structure-reactivity effects on primary deuterium isotope effects on protonation of ring-substituted α-methoxystyrenes
Tsang, Wing-Yin,Richard, John P.
experimental part, p. 13952 - 13962 (2009/12/25)
Primary product isotope effects (PIEs) on L+ and carboxylic acid catalyzed protonation of ring-substituted α-methoxystyrenes (X-1) to form oxocarbenium ions X-2+ in 50/50 (v/v) HOH/DOD were calculated from the yields of the α-CH
A marcus treatment of rate constants for protonation of ring-substituted α-methoxystyrenes: Intrinsic reaction barriers and the shape of the reaction coordinate
Richard, John P.,Williams, Kathleen B.
, p. 6952 - 6961 (2008/02/09)
Rate and equilibrium constants were determined for protonation of ring-substituted α-methoxystyrenes by hydronium ion and by carboxylic acids to form the corresponding ring-substituted α-methyl α-methoxybenzyl carbocations at 25°C and I = 1.0 (KCl). The thermodynamic barrier to carbocation formation increases by 14.5 kcal/mol as the phenyl ring substituent(s) is changed from 4-MeO- to 3,5-di-NO2-, and as the carboxylic acid is changed from dichloroacetic to acetic acid. The Bronsted coefficient a for protonation by carboxylic acids increases from 0.67 to 0.77 over this range of phenyl ring substituents, and the Bronsted coefficient β for proton transfer increases from 0.63 to 0.69 as the carboxylic acid is changed from dichloroacetic to acetic acid. The change in these Bronsted coefficients with changing reaction driving force, ?α/?ΔG°av = ?β/ ?ΔG°av = 1/8Λ = 0.011, is used to calculate a Marcus intrinsic reaction barrier of Λ = 11 kcal/mol which is close to the barrier of 13 kcal/mol for thermoneutral proton transfer between this series of acids and bases. The value of α = 0.66 for thermoneutral proton transfer is greater than α = 0.50 required by a reaction that follows the Marcus equation. This elevated value of β may be due to an asymmetry in the reaction coordinate that arises from the difference in the intrinsic barriers for proton transfer at the oxygen acid reactant and resonance-stabilized carbon acid product.
