58-98-0Relevant articles and documents
Analysis of the Mildiomycin Biosynthesis Gene Cluster in Streptoverticillum remofaciens ZJU5119 and Characterization of MilC, a Hydroxymethyl cytosyl-glucuronic Acid Synthase
Wu, Jun,Li, Li,Deng, Zixin,Zabriskie, T. Mark,He, Xinyi
, p. 1613 - 1621 (2012)
Mildiomycin (MIL) is a peptidyl-nucleoside antibiotic produced by Streptoverticillum remofaciens ZJU5119 that exhibits strong inhibitory activity against powdery mildew. The entire MIL biosynthesis gene cluster was cloned and expressed in Streptomyces lividans 1326. Systematic gene disruptions narrowed down the cluster to 16 functional ORFs and identified the boundaries of the gene cluster. A putative cytosylglucuronic acid (CGA) synthase gene, milC, was disrupted in Sv. remofaciens and heterologously expressed in E. coli. An in vitro assay revealed that purified MilC could utilize either cytosine or hydroxymethylcytosine as substrate to yield CGA or hydroxymethyl-CGA (HM-CGA), respectively. MilG is believed to be a key enzyme in the MIL biosynthesis pathway and contains the CXXXCXXC motif characteristic of members of the radical S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) superfamily. Disruption of milG leads to accumulation of HM-CGA. Labeling experiments with 13C6-L-arginine indicated that decarboxylation at C5 of the pyranoside ring was coupled with the attachment of 5-guanidino-2,4-dihydroxyvalerate side chain through C-C bond formation. In contrast, exogenous 13C6-labeled 4-hydroxy-L-arginine was not incorporated into the MIL structure. Comparative analysis of the 16 MIL ORFs with counterparts involved in the biosynthesis of the structurally similar compound blasticidin S, along with the results above, provide insight into the complete MIL biosynthetic pathway.
Identification and characterization of UDP-mannose in human cell lines and mouse organs: Differential distribution across brain regions and organs
Nakajima, Kazuki,Kizuka, Yasuhiko,Yamaguchi, Yoshiki,Hirabayashi, Yoshio,Takahashi, Kazuo,Yuzawa, Yukio,Taniguchi, Naoyuki
, p. 401 - 407 (2017/11/17)
Mannosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum is a key process for synthesizing various glycans. Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) and dolichol phosphate-mannose serve as donor substrates for mannosylation in mammals and are used in N-glycosylation, O-mannosylation, C-mannosylation, and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPI-anchor). Here, we report for the first time that low-abundant uridine diphosphate-mannose (UDP-Man), which can serve as potential donor substrate, exists in mammals. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses showed that mouse brain, especially hypothalamus and neocortex, contains higher concentrations of UDP-Man compared to other organs. In cultured human cell lines, addition of mannose in media increased UDP-Man concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. These findings indicate that in mammals the minor nucleotide sugar UDP-Man regulates glycosylation, especially mannosylation in specific organs or conditions.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING P1,P4-DI(URIDINE 5'-)TETRAPHOSPHATE
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Page/Page column 0056, (2015/11/24)
A method for producing P1,P4-di(uridine 5'-)tetraphosphate (UP4U) that can avoid reduction of the synthetic efficiency without using UTP free is developed. A method for producing UP4U comprising reacting a phosphoric acid-activating compound represented by formula [II] or [III] with a phosphoric acid compound selected from the group consisting of UMP, UDP, UTP and a pyrophosphoric acid or a salt thereof (excluding UTP free) in water or a hydrophilic organic solvent, in the presence of a metal ion selected from the group consisting of an iron (II) ion, an iron (III) ion, a trivalent aluminum ion, a trivalent lanthanum ion, and a trivalent cerium ion. where, in the formula [II], R1 represents a uridyl group binding to the 5'-position, X represents a heterocyclic group, and n represents an integer of 1 or 2, where, in the formula [III], X represents a heterocyclic group selected from the group consisting of an imidazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, and a 1,2,4-triazolyl group.