β- adrenergic receptor blockers
β-adrenergic receptor blockers, commonly known as beta-blockers, are a class of medications that primarily block the effects of adrenaline (epinephrine) and related hormones on β-adrenergic receptors in the body. These receptors are found in various tissues, including the heart, blood vessels, and lungs. By blocking β-adrenergic receptors, beta-blockers reduce the effects of sympathetic nervous system stimulation, which include lowering heart rate, reducing blood pressure, and decreasing the force of heart contractions. This class of drugs is widely used to treat conditions such as hypertension (high blood pressure), angina (chest pain), arrhythmias (irregular heart rhythms), heart failure, and certain types of anxiety disorders. Beta-blockers are also used to prevent migraines and reduce the risk of future heart attacks in patients who have had one. They work by competitively binding to β-adrenergic receptors, thereby antagonizing the effects of adrenaline and promoting a more controlled heart rate and blood pressure response, especially during stressful situations.
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