Synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel fused pyrazolopyrimidines as potential anticancer and antimicrobial agents

Article abstract of DOI:10.1002/ardp.201000188

Synthesis and evaluation of anticancer and antimicrobial activity of some novel pyrazolopyrimidines and fused pyrazolopyrimidines are reported. Twelve analogs were selected to be evaluated for their in vitro anticancer potential against a panel of three h

Full text of DOI:10.1002/ardp.201000188

184
Arch. Pharm. Chem. Life Sci. 2011, 11, 184–196
Full Paper
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel Fused
Pyrazolopyrimidines as Potential Anticancer and
Antimicrobial Agents*
Heba A. Abd El Razik1 and Abeer E. Abdel Wahab2
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
2 Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), Mubarak City for Scientific Research
and Technology Application, Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
Synthesis and evaluation of anticancer and antimicrobial activity of some novel pyrazolopyrimidines
and fused pyrazolopyrimidines are reported. Twelve analogs were selected to be evaluated for their
in vitro anticancer potential against a panel of three human tumor cell lines: hepatocellular carcinoma
HepG2, cervical carcinoma HelaS3 and colon carcinoma CaCo. The obtained data revealed that eight
compounds namely; 6b, 6d, 7c, 8c, 10b, 12b, 13a and 13b were able to exhibit variable degrees of
anticancer activities against the three used cell lines, of which compound 6d proved to be the most
active. On the other hand, all the newly synthesized compounds were subjected to in vitro antibacterial
and antifungal screening. Almost all the tested compounds were found to possess variable degrees of
antimicrobial activities. Collectively, compounds 7c, 8c, 12b, 13a and 13b could be considered as
possible agents with dual anticancer and antimicrobial activities.
Keywords: Antibacterial / Anticancer Activity / Antifungal / Pyrazolopyrimidines / Synthesis
Received: June 25, 2010; Accepted: September 24, 2010
DOI 10.1002/ardp.201000188
Introduction
The chemistry of pyrazolopyrimidines has drawn great
attention due to their pharmacological importance and
structural resemblance to purines. Pyrazolopyrimidine core
has been used as scaffold for the design of antitumor agents
[12–14], antimicrobial agents [15, 16] and inhibitors of
kinases [17–20]. In addition, several pyrazolopyrimidines
have proved to elicit inhibitory activity on the growth of
several human tumor cell lines besides being active against
cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) [21–23], Moreover, purine
derivatives such as olomoucine and roscovitine; structurally
related to pyrazolopyrimidines, were found to exhibit mod-
erate activity but good selectivity toward several CDKs [24].
Furthermore, some pyrazolopyrimidines proved to possess
potent inhibitory activity against other enzymes that con-
tribute to the cell cycle such as glycogen synthase kinase-3
[25, 26] and B-Raf kinase [27, 28].
Intervention with cell cycle is an attractive strategy for
combating microbes as well as diseases associated with
abnormal cellular proliferation like cancer [1]. DNA is one
of the promising targets in this field. A planar or semi-planar
pharmacophore with a polyaromatic ring, capable of inter-
calation into DNA, is the common characteristic feature of
DNA-intercalating anticancer drugs. Many of these intercala-
tors, allocated in literature have tricyclic ring system [2–7]. In
addition, protein kinases are involved in regulation of all cell
functions. Uncontrolled activation of many of these kinases
has been shown to result in uncontrolled cell growth. Based
on literature reports, fused tricyclic core systems have been
used as scaffold for kinase inhibitors [8–11].
Patients with neoplastic disorders that are subjected to
chemotherapeutic treatment are highly susceptible to
Correspondence: Heba A. Abd El Razik, Lecturer of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
Tel: þ0101719675
* This work was presented in the 16th International Scientific Conference of
the Lebanese Association for the Advancement of Science, Beirut –
Lebanon, November 13–15, 2009.
E-mail: heba_attia75@yahoo.com
Fax: þ20-3-4873273
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Arch. Pharm. Chem. Life Sci. 2011, 11, 184–196
Anticancer/Antimicrobial Fused Pyrazolopyrimidines
185
microbial infections due to subsequent lack of immunity. Co-
administration of multiple drugs for treating patients suffer-
ing from cancer disease accompanied with microbial infec-
tions might inflect some added health problems especially in
patients with impaired liver and/or kidney functions.
Therefore, the concept of monotherapy by a single drug
which possesses dual utility might be advantageous from
both therapeutic and cost-effective stand points.
were obtained by boiling 4a,b in acetic anhydride.
Furthermore, 3-arylamino derivatives 6a-d were obtained
when 4a,b were treated with aryl isothiocyanates in refluxing
dioxane/ethanol. The reaction proceeded via thiosemicarba-
zide intermediate with concomitant dehydrosulfurization.
Condensing 4a,b with aromatic aldehydes furnished the
hydrazones 7a–d. The latter compounds could be cyclized
into 8a–d using bromine and sodium acetate in glacial acetic
acid (Scheme 1).
Encouraged by the afore-mentioned findings and in a con-
tinuation of an ongoing program aiming at finding new
structural leads with potential chemotherapeutic activities
[29–32], it was rationalized to synthesize some pyrazolopy-
rimidines and their annulated tricyclic analogs that would
produce dual anticancer and antimicrobial activities. The
proposed candidates were supported with a variety of phar-
macophoric groups which would impart various electronic
and lipophilic properties. The fact that some substituted
hydrazines were found to possess antineoplastic activity
[33] prompted the synthesis of compounds bearing hydra-
zine, acetohydrazide or amino functionality hoping to
enhance their anticipated biological activities. Synthesis of
compounds with an amide group was rationalized on the fact
that many antitumor antibiotics such as bleomycin, and
pyrazofurin incorporate in their structures amidic group
[34]. Moreover, various chemotherapeutic activities associ-
ated with many hydrazones [35–37] motivated synthesis of
new ones and investigation of their antitumor as well as
antimicrobial activities before cyclization into their tricyclic
analogs. Furthermore, owing to the contribution of various
triazoles to the potential antineoplastic activities [38–41],
it became of interest to incorporate triazole ring into a series
of pyrazolopyrimidines with the hope of improving their
biological impact. In addition, the fact that various imida-
zoles [42–44] and pyrimidine ring systems [45–47] were
found to exhibit various chemotherapeutic activities spurred
to establish tricyclics having imidazole or pyrimidine ring
system engaged to corner stone-pyrazolopyrimidine nucleus
aiming to shed light on the activity of such type of
compounds.
In Scheme 2, the amine derivatives 9a,b [21] were obtained
upon refluxing 1a,b in formamide. Cyclizing 9a with differ-
ent phenacyl bromides afforded imidazopyrazolopyrimidine
derivatives 10a–c. Fusion of 9a,b with diethyl ethoxymethy-
lenemalonate at 120–1308C afforded the diesters 11a,b which
were cyclized upon heating in diphenyl ether affording the
ketoesters 12a,b, which in their turn were refluxed with
hydrazine hydrate in ethanol to yield the aminoesters
13a,b instead of the expected acid hydrazides.
1
Investigation of H-NMR spectrum of 13b revealed two deu-
terium exchangeable signals due to NH and NH2 moieties in
addition to a triplet and a quartet corresponding to ethyl
ester fragment. Other protons were located at their expected
chemical shifts. In addition, its 13C-NMR, HMQC, HMBC and
mass spectral data were found to agree with the postulated
rather than the hydrazide structure. Direct heating of 12a,b
with benzylamine funished the amides 14a,b. Mass spectrum
of compound 14a was in favor of the unexpected structure as
it showed its molecular ion peak at 386. 1H-NMR spectrum of
14a revealed three deuterium exchangeable signals due to
two NH and NH2. On the other hand, heating of the amine
derivatives 9a,b with ethyl ethoxymethylenecyanoacetate at
120–1308C afforded the corresponding cyanoesters 15a,b.
Trails to cyclize the latter compounds by refluxing in glacial
acetic acid went in vain and instead, iminoesters 16a,b were
obtained. 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HMQC, and HMBC spectral data
of 16b agreed with the postulated rather than the expected
pyrazolopyrimidopyrimidine structure. In addition, mass
spectra of compounds 16a,b were in favor of the unexpected
structure as they showed their molecular ion peaks at 324
(16a) and 360 and 358 (16b).
Results and discussions
Preliminary in-vitro Anticancer Screening
In-vitro MTT cytotoxicity assay
Synthesis of the intermediate and target compounds was
accomplished according to the steps illustrated in schemes
1 and 2. Compounds 1a,b, 5-amino-1-aryl-1H-pyrazole-4-car-
bonitriles [21] were reacted with triethyl orthoformate/acetic
anhydride to give the corresponding ethoxymethyleneamino
derivatives; 2a,b. The latter compounds were either treated
with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol under reflux to afford the
iminoamines 3a,b [48] or stirred with hydrazine hydrate in
benzene at room temperature to give hydrazine deri-
vatives 4a,b [21, 49]. The 3-methyltriazolo derivatives 5a,b
Out of the newly synthesized compounds, twelve analogs
namely; 3b, 4b, 5b, 6b, 6d, 7c, 8c, 10b, 12b, 13a, 13b and
16b were selected to be evaluated for their in vitro anticancer
effect via the standard MTT method [50-52], against a panel of
three human tumor cell lines namely; hepatocellular carci-
noma HepG2, cervical carcinoma HelaS3 and colon carci-
noma CaCo.
MTT assay is a standard colorimetric assay for measuring
cell growth. It is used to determine cytotoxicity of potential
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186
H. A. Abd El Razik and A. E. Abdel Wahab
Arch. Pharm. Chem. Life Sci. 2011, 11, 184–196
Scheme 1. Synthesis of intermediate and target compounds.
medicinal agents and other toxic materials. In brief, yellow
exhibited variable degrees of inhibitory activity towards
the three tested human tumor cell lines. As for activity
against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2, the highest cyto-
toxic activity was displayed by compounds 6d and 13b which
showed almost similar activity (% inhibition ¼ 64.5 and 55.3,
respectively in 48 h and % inhibition ¼ 80.6 and 86.2 in 72 h,
respectively). Remarkable inhibitory activity was also dem-
onstrated by compounds 8c, 10b and 12b in 72 h. The cervical
carcinoma HelaS3 cell line showed highest sensitivity
towards the tested compounds, as its growth was found to
be inhibited by seven compounds. The best activity was
demonstrated by compounds 6b, 10b and 13b which were
nearly equipotent (about 85% inhibition) in 72 h. The remain-
ing compounds exhibited less inhibitory activity with %
MTT
(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium
bromide) is reduced to purple formazan by mitochondrial
dehydrogenases of living cells. A suitable solvent is added to
dissolve the insoluble purple formazan product into a col-
ored solution. The absorbance of this colored solution can be
quantified by measuring at a certain wavelength. When the
amount of purple formazan produced by cells treated with an
agent is compared with that produced by untreated control
cells, the effectiveness of the agent in causing death of cells
can be deduced, through the production of a dose-response
curve.
The obtained results revealed that eight of the tested com-
pounds namely; 6b, 6d, 7c, 8c, 10b, 12b, 13a and 13b
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Anticancer/Antimicrobial Fused Pyrazolopyrimidines
187
Scheme 2. Synthesis of intermediate and target compounds.
Table 1. Percentage growth inhibitory effects (GI%) of the active compounds on some human tumor cell lines using the MTT assay.
Compound
Human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2
Cervical carcinoma HelaS3
Colon carcinoma CaCo
24 h
48 h
72 h
24 h
48 h
72 h
24 h
48 h
72 h
a
6b
6d
7c
8c
10b
12b
13a
13b
–
–
64.5
–
37.2
66.82
31.5
46.4
55.3
–
80.6
–
74.9
76.3
69.6
59.3
86.2
45b
30.2
30.4
50.4
19.6
11
58.1
41.2
35.91
53.2
46.3
28.3
–
85.1
65.3
60
58.2
84.7
54.8
–
9.2
30.3
–
–
–
–
–
25.4
34.7
52.4
–
–
–
–
–
53
51.7
90.97
–
–
–
–
26.4
–
18.2
8.5
0.5
6.1
30
–
35.8
–
54.5
42.1
85.4
a
Not active
Growth inhibitory activity (%)
b
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188
H. A. Abd El Razik and A. E. Abdel Wahab
Arch. Pharm. Chem. Life Sci. 2011, 11, 184–196
inhibition range of 54.8–65.3. On the other hand, colon
carcinoma CaCo was proved to be the least sensitive among
the cell lines tested as it was affected by only three test
compounds. However, an outstanding growth inhibition
exhibited two times the potency of the reference standard
against the same organism. Meanwhile, compounds 5b, 6c,
7d, 8c, 11b, 13a, 13b and 14b (MIC 50 mg/mL) were found to be
equipotent to ampicillin against the same organism. On the
other hand, compounds 3a, 7b and 14a (MIC 12.5 mg/mL)
were found to be nearly equipotent to ampicillin (MIC
10 mg/mL) against E. coli. Whereas, compounds 4b, 5a, 6c,
7c and 14b demonstrated moderate inhibitory activity
(MIC 25 mg/mL) against the same organism. Concerning
the antifungal activity of the tested compounds against
C. albicans, compounds 4a, 13a and 15a (MIC 12.5 mg/mL)
showed 40% the activity of clotrimazole (MIC 5 mg/mL).
Most of the remaining compounds revealed moderate inhibi-
tory activity (MIC 25–50 mg/mL) against C. albicans.
potential was shown by compound 6d with
% inhi-
bition ¼ 52.4 and 90.97 in 48 h and 72 h, respectively. The
remaining two active compounds, namely 6b, and 13b,
showed mild activity against the same cell line with % inhi-
bition ¼ 51.7 and 54.5 in 72 h, respectively.
Further interpretation of the results revealed that com-
pounds 6d and 13b showed a considerable broad spectrum of
anticancer activity against the three tested human tumor cell
lines. In particular, compound 6d proved to be the most
active member in this study with special effectiveness against
human colon carcinoma CaCo and hepatocellular carcinoma
HepG2 cell lines. Whereas, compound 13b was found to
possess high activity against hepatocellular carcinoma
HepG2 and cervical carcinoma HelaS3 cell lines.
A close examination of the structures of the active com-
pounds presented in Table 2 revealed that the iminoamine 3a
displayed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against
Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, it was found to be
equipotent to ampicillin against B. subtilis, and nearly equi-
potent to the standard against E. coli. Meanwhile, it showed
two times the activity of the reference against P. aeruginosa.
On the other hand, its chlorophenyl analog 3b was found to
be less potent except against S. aureus. The hydrazine analogs
4a,b exerted less antibacterial activities but more antifungal
activity. Cyclization of the former into methylpyrazolotria-
zolopyrimidines 5a,b generally was found to enhance the
antibacterial activity and decrease the antifungal potency.
Aminopyrazolotriazolopyrimidines 6a–d were found to pos-
sess moderate antimicrobial potential. Generally, a broad
spectrum of antimicrobial activity was demonstrated by
hydrazones 7a–d in which compounds 7a,b were found to
be the most potent. Compound 7a was found to be as potent
as ampicillin against B. subtilis. Meanwhile, it exerted two
times the activity of the reference against P. aeruginosa. On the
other hand, compound 7b demonstrated four times the
potency of the reference against P. aeruginosa whereas, it
was found to be nearly as potent as ampicillin against
E. coli. It could be recognized that generally a decreased
antibacterial activity was encountered with compounds 8a-
d than their precursor hydrazones 7a–d. Among which, 8a
was found to be as potent as the standard against B. subtilis, 8b
demonstrated 20% the activity of the reference against
S. aureus, whereas, 8c exhibited equal potency to ampicillin
against P. aeruginosa.
In-vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities
All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for
their in-vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus
and Bacillus subtilis as Gram-positive bacteria, Escherichia coli
and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as Gram-negative bacteria. They
were also evaluated for their in-vitro antifungal potential
against Candida albicans. Their inhibition zones using the
cup-diffusion technique [53] were measured and further
evaluation was carried out to determine their minimum
inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the twofold serial
dilution method [54]. Ampicillin was used as standard anti-
bacterial while clotrimazole was used as antifungal refer-
ence. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was used as blank and
showed no antimicrobial activity.
Regarding the antibacterial activity, results revealed that
32 out of the tested 33 compounds displayed variable inhibi-
tory effects on the growth of the tested Gram positive and
Gram negative bacterial strains. Among the Gram positive
bacteria tested, B. subtilis showed relative higher sensitivity
towards the tested compounds than S. aureus. Compounds 3b,
5a, 6a, 8b, 11a, 13b and 15a (MIC 25 mg/mL) showed 20% of
the activity of ampicillin against S. aureus. With regard to the
activity against B. subtilis, the best activity was displayed by
compounds 3a, 7a and 8a (MIC 12.5 mg/mL), i.e. equipotent to
ampicillin. In addition, compounds 3b, 4b, 5a, 8d, 10b, 12a,
14b and 15a (MIC 25 mg/mL) showed 50% of the activity of
ampicillin against B. subtilis. Whereas, compounds 5b, 6a, 7b,
8b, 13b, 14a and 16b (MIC 50 mg/mL) showed 25% of the
activity of ampicillin against the same organism. On the
other hand, investigation of the antibacterial activity against
Gram negative strains revealed that compound 7b showed
four times the activity of ampicillin against P. aeruginosa
whereas, compounds 3a, 7a, 7c, 10a, 10c, 12b and 15a
Concerning the antimicrobial activity of the imidazopyra-
zolopyrimidine series (Scheme 2), the phenyl derivative 10a
and its 4-bromophenyl analog 10c were found to possess almost
similar antimicrobial potency and spectrum. They were found
to be twice as potent as ampicillin against P. aeruginosa,
whereas, compound 10a (MIC 50 mg/mL) exerted higher anti-
fungal activity against C. albicans than 10c. On the other hand,
compound 10b (R ¼ 4–Cl) demonstrated decreased activity
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Anticancer/Antimicrobial Fused Pyrazolopyrimidines
189
Table 2. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the tested compounds in mg/mL.
Compound S. aureus
B. subtilis
P. aeruginosa
E. coli
C. albicans
3a
3b
4a
4b
5a
5b
6a
6b
6c
6d
7a
7b
7c
7d
8a
8b
50
25
100
100
25
100
25
50
12.5
25
100
25
25
50
50
100
100
100
12.5
50
100
100
12.5
50
100
25
100
25
100
100
100
25
100
100
50
50
25
25
100
100
50
12.5
–
25
100
100
100
100
50
100
100
50
100
25
12.5
25
12.5
100
100
25
25
100
50
50
25
100
50
12.5
25
100
50
100
50
50
50
100
50
100
100
50
50
50
50
12.5
25
50
100
25
12.5
25
100
50
50
25
100
100
25
50
25
50
50
100
100
50
50
25
100
50
25
50
100
12.5
50
100
100
12.5
50
100
50
100
50
50
100
100
100
100
25
100
100
50
100
50
25
50
50
50
100
25
100
100
25
50
100
100
50
100
25
100
25
100
50
100
25
50
50
100
50
25
8c
8d
10a
10b
10c
11a
11b
12a
12b
13a
13b
14a
14b
15a
15b
16a
16b
Aa
100
100
100
5
100
100
100
50
100
100
100
10
–
5
Cb
–
–
c
–
a
A: Ampicillin trihydrate (standard broad spectrum antibiotic).
C: Clotrimazole (standard broad spectrum antifungal agent).
(–): Totally inactive (MIC ꢀ 200 mg/mL).
b
c
against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli. Whereas, its activity
against B. subtilis was enhanced four times (MIC 25 mg/mL).
Meanwhile, its antifungal activity was also enhanced.
Regarding the activity of the diesters 11a,b, moderate anti-
microbial activity was displayed by compound 11a (MIC 25–
100 mg/mL), whereas, 11b was found to be equipotent to the
standard against P. aeruginosa.
Meanwhile, both 13a,b were found to be equipotent to ampi-
cillin against P. aeruginosa. The amides 14a,b varies in their
antimicrobial potential, of which 14b was found to be equi-
potent to ampicillin against P. aeruginosa whereas compound
14a (MIC 12.5 mg/mL) was found to be nearly equipotent to
the standard (MIC 10 mg/mL) against E. coli. The cyanoester
15a was found to possess antimicrobial activity against
Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains (MIC 25–50 mg/mL),
besides displaying appreciable antifungal activity (MIC
The ketoester 12a was found to possess 50% the potency of
ampicillin against B. subtilis whereas, its chlorophenyl ana-
log 12b was found to be two times as potent as ampicillin
against P. aeruginosa. Although, the ester 13a was found to
possess weak antimicrobial activity (MIC 100 mg/mL)
against the tested Gram-positive bacteria, its chlorophenyl
analog 13b was found to elicit moderate inhibitory
activity against Gram-positive bacteria (MIC 25–50 mg/mL).
12.5 mg/mL). Introduction of
a chlorine atom in 15b
(R ¼ 4–Cl) resulted in dramatic reduction in the antibacterial
activity. On the other hand, replacing the aldehydic
group in 13a,b by an imino moiety (compounds 16a,b)
resulted in a noticeable decrease in their antimicrobial
activity.
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H. A. Abd El Razik and A. E. Abdel Wahab
Arch. Pharm. Chem. Life Sci. 2011, 11, 184–196
Collectively, compounds 3a, 7a, 13b and 15a are considered
to be the most active antimicrobial members identified
in this study with a broad spectrum of antibacterial
activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative
bacteria.
Science, Cairo University and at the Central lab, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt. The found values
were within ꢁ0.4% of the theoretical values. Follow up of
the reactions and checking the homogeneity of the com-
pounds were made by TLC on silica gel-protected glass
plates and the spots were detected by exposure to UV-lamp
at l 254.
Conclusion
1-Aryl-4-imino-1,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-5-
ylamines 3a,b
The objective of the present study was to synthesize and
investigate the anticancer and antimicrobial activities of
some pyrazolopyrimidines as well as their annulated tricyclic
analogs with the hope of discovering new structure leads
serving as dual anticancer-antimicrobial agents. The results
of the anticancer screening revealed that eight compounds
were found to exhibit variable degrees of anticancer activities
against the three used cell lines. Compounds 6d and 13b
showed a considerable broad spectrum of anticancer activity
against the three tested human tumor cell lines. In particu-
lar, compound 6d proved to be the most active member in
this study with special effectiveness against the human colon
carcinoma CaCo and hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell
lines. Compound 13b was found to possess high activity
against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and cervical carci-
noma HelaS3 cell lines.
To a solution of 2a,b (0.001 mol) in EtOH (4 mL), hydrazine
hydrate (0.5 g, 0.49 mL, 0.01 mol) was added. The reaction
mixture was heated under reflux for 1 h then allowed to cool.
The obtained precipitate was filtered, washed with EtOH,
dried and crystallized. Physicochemical and analytical data
are recorded in Table 3. IR (KBr, cmꢂ1): 3342-3337, 3206-3201
1
(NH); 1660-1657 (C N). H-NMR (d ppm) for 3a: 4.76 (s, 1H, NH,
–
–
D2O exchangeable); 4.93 (s, 2H, NH2, D2O exchangeable); 7.33
(t, J ¼ 7.5 Hz, 1H, phenyl-C4-H); 7.52 (t, J ¼ 7.5 Hz, 2H, phenyl-
C
3,5-H); 8.21 (d, J ¼ 7.5 Hz, 2H, phenyl-C2,6-H); 8.58 (s, 1H,
pyrazolopyrimidine-C3-H); 9.29 (s, 1H, pyrazolopyrimidine-
C6-H). 1H-NMR (d ppm) for 3b: 4.70 (s, 1H, NH, D2O exchange-
able); 4.92 (s, 2H, NH2, D2O exchangeable); 7.52, 7.93 (two d,
J ¼ 8.4 Hz, each 2H, chlorophenyl-C2,6-H and C3,5-H); 8.55 (s,
1H, pyrazolopyrimidine-C3-H); 9.30 (s, 1H, pyrazolopyrimi-
dine-C6-H).
On the other hand, it has been found that 32 out of the 33
tested compounds displayed variable in vitro antibacterial
and antifungal inhibitory effects. Compounds 3a, 7a, 13b
and 15a could be considered as the most active broad spec-
trum antimicrobial members identified in this study.
Collectively, the anticancer and antimicrobial results
would suggest that compounds 7c, 8c, 12b, 13a and 13b could
be considered as possible dual antimicrobial-anticancer
agents.
[1-Aryl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]hydrazines 4a,b
To a solution of 2a,b (0.001 mol) in benzene (3 mL), a solution
of hydrazine hydrate (0.3 g, 0.29 mL, 0.006 mol)
in H2O (2 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred
at R.T. for 1 h. The obtained precipitate was filtered, washed
with H2O, dried and crystallized. Physicochemical and ana-
lytical data are recorded in Table 3. IR (KBr, cmꢂ1): 3336–
1
3302, 3156–3150 (NH); 1656–1652 (C N). H-NMR (d ppm) for
–
–
Chemistry
4a: 5.60 (s, 2H, NH2, D2O exchangeable); 7.33 (t, J ¼ 8.4 Hz,
1H, phenyl-C4-H); 7.49 (t, J ¼ 8.4 Hz, 2H, phenyl-C3,5-H); 7.97
(d, J ¼ 8.4 Hz, 2H, phenyl-C2,6-H); 8.12 (s, 1H, pyrazolopyri-
Melting points were determined in open glass capillaries on a
Stuart melting point apparatus and were uncorrected.
The infrared (IR) spectra were recorded on Perkin-Elmer
1430 infrared spectrophotometer using the KBr plate
technique. 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HMQC and HMBC spectra
were determined on Jeol spectrometer (500 MHz) at the
Microanalytical unit, Faculty of Science, Alexandria
1
midine-C3-H); 8.24 (s, 1H, pyrazolopyrimidine-C6-H). H-NMR
(d ppm) for 4b: 5.60 (s, 2H, NH2, D2O exchangeable); 7.52, 7.93
(two d, J ¼ 8.4 Hz, each 2H, chlorophenyl-C2,6-H and C3,5-H);
8.07 (s, 1H, pyrazolopyrimidine-C3-H); 8.21 (s, 1H, pyrazolo-
pyrimidine-C6-H).
University and on
a Varian spectrometer (300 MHz),
Faculty of Science, Cairo University using tetramethylsilane
(TMS) as the internal standard and DMSO-d6 as the
solvent (Chemical shifts in d, ppm). Splitting patterns were
designated as follows: s: singlet; d: doublet; t: triplet; m:
7-Aryl-3-methyl-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo-
[4,3-c]pyrimidines 5a,b
A suspension of 4a,b (0.001 mol) in HOAc or Ac2O (2 mL)
was heated under reflux for 1 h then allowed to cool. The
obtained precipitate was filtered, washed with EtOH, dried
and crystallized. Physicochemical and analytical data are
multiplet. Mass spectra were carried out using
a
Schimadzu GCMS-QP-1000EX mass spectrometer at 70 eV,
Faculty of Science, Cairo University. Microanalyses were
performed at the Microanalytical Unit, Faculty of
recorded in Table 3. IR (KBr, cmꢂ1): 1658-1652 (C N). 1H-
–
–
NMR (d ppm) for 5a: 2.52 (s, 3H, CH3); 7.43 (t, J ¼ 8.4 Hz,
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Arch. Pharm. Chem. Life Sci. 2011, 11, 184–196
Anticancer/Antimicrobial Fused Pyrazolopyrimidines
191
Table 3. Physicochemical and analytical data of compounds 3–16
Compd.
3a
R
R1
–
Yield (%)
44
72
66
73
92
93
65
63
70
76
49
55
70
74
92
97
93
87
44
46
58
49
70
90
93
72
87
70
79
34
M.p. (8C) cryst. solventꢃ
Mol. Formula (mol. wt.)ꢃꢃ
C11H10N6 (226.24)
H
234–235a
E
257–259
E
192–194b,c
E
221–223
E
198–200
E
240–242
E
295–297
D/E
296–298
D/E
286–288
D/E
>300
D/E
284–286
D/E
280–282
D/E
299–301
D/E
>300
D/E
222–224
D/E
279–281
D/E
262–264
D/E
>300
D/E
238–240
D/E
252–254
DMF/E
268–270
D
110–112
E
162–164
D
225–226
D/E
290–292
D/E
288–290
D
>300
DMF/E
>300
DMF/E
>300
DMF/E
211–213
E
3b
Cl
H
–
C11H9ClN6 (260.68)
C11H10N6 (226.24)
4a
–
4b
Cl
H
–
C11H9ClN6 (260.68)
C13H10N6 (250.26)
5a
–
5b
Cl
H
–
C13H9ClN6 (284.70)
C18H13N7 (327.34)
6a
H
F
6b
H
C18H12FN7 (345.33)
C18H12ClN7 (361.79)
C18H11ClFN7 (379.78)
C18H14N6 (314.34)
6c
Cl
Cl
H
H
F
6d
7a
H
Cl
H
Cl
H
Cl
H
Cl
–
7b
H
C18H13ClN6 (348.79)
C18H13ClN6 (348.79)
C18H12Cl2N6 (383.23)
C18H12N6 (312.33)
7c
Cl
Cl
H
7d
8a
8b
H
C18H11ClN6 (346.77)
C18H11ClN6 (346.77)
C18H10Cl2N6 (381.22)
C19H13N5 (311.34)
8c
Cl
Cl
H
8d
10a
10b
10c
11a
11b
12a
12b
13a
13b
14a
14b
15a
Cl
Br
H
–
C19H12ClN5 (345.78)
C19H12BrN5 (390.24)
C19H19N5O4 (381.39)
C19H18ClN5O4 (415.83)
C17H13N5O3 (335.32)
C17H12ClN5O3 (369.76)
C16H15N5O3 (325.32)
C16H14ClN5O3 (359.77)
C21H18N6O2 (386.41)
C21H17ClN6O2 (420.85)
C17H14N6O2 (334.33)
continued
–
–
Cl
H
–
–
Cl
H
–
–
Cl
H
–
–
Cl
H
–
–
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192
H. A. Abd El Razik and A. E. Abdel Wahab
Arch. Pharm. Chem. Life Sci. 2011, 11, 184–196
Table 3. (continued )
Compd.
15b
R
R1
–
Yield (%)
M.p. (8C) cryst. solventꢃ
Mol. Formula (mol. wt.)ꢃꢃ
C17H13ClN6O2 (368.78)
C16H16N6O2 (324.34)
Cl
H
72
81
97
217–219
D/E
208–210
E
255–257
E
16a
–
16b
Cl
–
C16H15ClN6O2 (358.78)
ꢃ
Crystallization solvent (s): DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide), E: ethanol, D: 1,4-dioxane.
ꢃꢃFound values are within ꢁ0.4% of the calculated values.
a
Reported m.p. 235 [48]
Reported m.p. 184–186 [21]
Reported m.p. 192–192.5 [49]
b
c
–
1H, phenyl-C4-H); 7.59 (t, J ¼ 8.4 Hz, 2H, phenyl-C3,5-H); 8.08
(d, J ¼ 8.4 Hz, 2H, phenyl-C2,6-H); 8.69 (s, 1H, pyrazolotriazo-
lopyrimidine-C9-H); 9.58 (s, 1H, pyrazolotriazolopyrimidine-
C5-H). 1H-NMR (d ppm) for 5b: 2.53 (s, 3H, CH3); 7.67, 8.16
(two d, J ¼ 8.4 Hz, each 2H, chlorophenyl-C2,6-H and C3,5-H);
8.71 (s, 1H, pyrazolotriazolopyrimidine-C9-H); 9.61 (s, 1H, pyr-
azolotriazolopyrimidine-C5-H).
phenyl-C2,6-H); 8.72 (s, 1H, CH); 8.78 (s, 1H, pyrazolopyrimi-
–
dine-C3-H); 9.30 (s, 1H, pyrazolopyrimidine-C6-H); 9.96 (s, 1H,
NH, D2O exchangeable). 1H-NMR (d ppm) for 7c: 7.44–7.58 (m,
3H, phenyl-C3,4,5-H); 7.64, 8.29 (two d, J ¼ 9.15 Hz, each 2H,
chlorophenyl-C2,6-H and C3,5-H); 7.83 (d, J ¼ 6.5 Hz, 2H, phe-
–
nyl-C2,6-H); 8.32 (s, 1H, CH); 8.51 (s, 1H, pyrazolopyrimidine-
–
C3-H); 8.66 (s, 1H, pyrazolopyrimidine-C6-H); 12.27 (s, 1H,
NH, D2O exchangeable).
Aryl-(7-aryl-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo-
[4,3-c]pyrimidin-3-yl)amines 6a–d
3,7-Diaryl-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo-
[4,3-c]pyrimidines 8a–d
To a suspension of 4a,b (0.001 mol) in dioxane/EtOH, 3/1 (4 mL),
the appropriate isothiocyanate (0.001 mol) was added. The
reaction mixture was heated under reflux for 12 h then allowed
to cool. The obtained precipitate was filtered, washed with
EtOH, dried and crystallized. Physicochemical and analytical
To a mixture of 7a–d (0.001 mol) and anhydrous sodium
acetate (0.25 g, 0.003 mol) in glacial HOAc (3 mL), Br2
(0.1 mL, 0.002 mol) was added. The reaction mixture was
stirred at r.t. over night then poured onto ice-cold H2O.
The obtained precipitate was filtered, washed with H2O, dried
and crystallized. Physicochemical and analytical data are
data are recorded in Table 3. IR (KBr, cmꢂ1): 3287–3282 (NH);
1
–
1658–1654 (C N). H-NMR (d ppm) for 6a: 6.92 (t, J ¼ 8.4 Hz, 1H,
–
recorded in Table 3. IR (KBr, cmꢂ1): 1649–1646 (C N). 1H-
–
NH-phenyl-C4-H); 7.30 (t, J ¼ 8.4 Hz, 2H, NH-phenyl-C3,5-H); 7.41
(t, J ¼ 8.4 Hz, 1H, phenyl-C4-H); 7.58 (t, J ¼ 8.4 Hz, 2H, phenyl-
–
NMR (d ppm) for 8c: 7.58-7.66 (m, 3H, phenyl-C3,4,5-H); 7.68,
8.12 (two d, J ¼ 9.15 Hz, each 2H, chlorophenyl-C2,6-H and
C
3,5-H); 7.70 (d, J ¼ 8.4 Hz, 2H, NH-phenyl-C2,6-H); 8.11 (d,
J ¼ 8.4 Hz, 2H, phenyl-C2,6-H); 8.64 (s, 1H, pyrazolotriazolopyr-
imidine-C9-H); 9.46 (s, 1H, pyrazolotriazolopyrimidine-C5-H);
9.96 (s, 1H, NH, D2O exchangeable). 1H-NMR (d ppm)
for 6d: 7.16 (d, J ¼ 8.4 Hz, 2H, fluorophenyl-C2,6-H); 7.64–7.71
(m, 4H, Ar-H); 8.19 (d, J ¼ 8.4 Hz, 2H, chlorophenyl-C3,5-H); 8.68
(s, 1H, pyrazolotriazolopyrimidine-C9-H); 9.48 (s, 1H, pyrazolo-
triazolopyrimidine-C5-H); 10.00 (s, 1H, NH, D2O exchangeable).
C
3,5-H); 7.96 (d, J ¼ 6.5 Hz, 2H, phenyl-C2,6-H); 8.78 (s, 1H,
pyrazolotriazolopyrimidine-C9-H); 9.30 (s, 1H, pyrazolotriazo-
lopyrimidine-C5-H).
2-Aryl-7-phenyl-7H-imidazo[1,2-c]pyrazolo-
[4,3-e]pyrimidines 10a–c
To a suspension of 9a (0.21 g, 0.001 mol) in EtOH (3 mL),
the appropriate phenacyl bromide (0.001 mol) was added.
The reaction mixture was heated under reflux for 6 h then
allowed to cool. The obtained precipitate was filtered,
washed with EtOH, dried and crystallized. Physicochemical
N-(4-Substituted benzylidene)-N0-(1-aryl-1H-pyrazolo-
[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)hydrazines 7a–d
To a suspension of 4a,b (0.001 mol) in EtOH (3 mL), the
appropriate aromatic aldehyde (0.001 mol) was added. The
reaction mixture was heated under reflux for 12 h then
allowed to cool. The obtained precipitate was filtered, washed
with EtOH, dried and crystallized. Physicochemical and ana-
and analytical data are recorded in Table 3. IR (KBr, cmꢂ1):
1
–
1639 (C N). H-NMR (d ppm) for 10c: 7.40 (t, J ¼ 7.65 Hz, 1H,
–
phenyl-C4-H); 7.58 (t, J ¼ 7.65 Hz, 2H, phenyl-C3,5-H); 7.63 (d,
J ¼ 7.65 Hz, 2H, phenyl-C2,6-H); 7.94, 8.09 (two d, J ¼ 7.6 Hz,
each 2H, bromophenyl-C2,6-H and C3,5-H); 8.55 (s, 1H, imida-
zopyrazolopyrimidine-C3-H); 8.63 (s, 1H, imidazopyrazolopyr-
imidine-C9-H); 9.31 (s, 1H, imidazopyrazolopyrimidine-C5-H).
MS m/z (relative abundance%) for 10c: 392 [Mþ þ 3] (18.6), 391
lytical data are recorded in Table 3. IR (KBr, cmꢂ1): 3203–3183
1
(NH); 1599–1596 (C N). H-NMR (d ppm) for 7b: 7.58–7.66 (m,
–
–
3H, phenyl-C3,4,5-H); 7.68, 8.12 (two d, J ¼ 9.15 Hz, each 2H,
chlorophenyl-C2,6-H and C3,5-H); 7.96 (d, J ¼ 6.5 Hz, 2H,
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Arch. Pharm. Chem. Life Sci. 2011, 11, 184–196
Anticancer/Antimicrobial Fused Pyrazolopyrimidines
193
[Mþ þ 2] (73.7), 390 [Mþ þ 1] (100), 389 [Mþ] (78.5), 388 (95.9),
387 (17.5), 364 (8.7), 363 (9.7), 362 (10.3), 361 (7.5), 310 (6.7),
309 (6.8), 260 (6.4), 258 (5.2), 195 (5.1), 194 (7.7), 182 (6.2), 181
(10.8), 180 (14.9), 179 (16.2), 155 (10.9), 154 (15.6), 153 (10.0),
152 (10.9), 142 (6.9), 141 (10.0), 140 (8.3), 128 (8.1), 127 (15.1),
126 (17.3), 115 (10.6), 114 (8.1), 113 (7.4), 103 (7.2), 102 (14.2),
(6.8), 269 (40.6), 255 (16.8), 242 (5.0), 241 (5.3), 231 (18.2), 230
(18.7), 229 (46.6), 228 (27.2), 213 (5.1), 207 (5.2), 203 (11.0), 202
(27.7), 201 (19.5), 194 (24.7), 193 (6.5), 176 (6.4), 175 (15.5), 166
(5.6), 165 (6.2).
Ethyl 2-(4-amino-1-aryl-1,7-dihydropyrazolo-
101 (16.7), 100 (13.4), 89 (17.8), 88 (23.5), 77 (76.8),
76
[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-ylidene)-3-oxopropionoates 13a,b
To a suspension of 12a,b (0.001 mol) in EtOH (3 mL), hydra-
zine hydrate (0.2 g, 0.19 mL, 0.004 mol) was added. The reac-
tion mixture was heated under reflux for 1 h then allowed to
cool. The obtained precipitate was filtered, washed with
EtOH, dried and crystallized. Physicochemical and analytical
data are recorded in Table 3. IR (KBr, cmꢂ1): 3284–3276, 3105–
(86.3), 75 (28.1), 74 (18.1), 62 (14.2), 52 (8.2), 51 (52.8), 50 (61.8).
Diethyl 2-{[1-aryl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-
ylamino]methylene}malonates 11a,b
A mixture of 9a,b (0.001 mol) and diethyl ethoxymethylene-
malonate (0.22 g, 0.2 mL, 0.001 mol) was heated at 120–130
for 1 h. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool then tri-
turated with ether. The obtained precipitate was filtered,
washed with ether, dried and crystallized. Physicochemical
and analytical data are recorded in Table 3. IR (KBr, cmꢂ1):
–
–
–
3101 (NH); 1693–1688 (C O); 1614-1612 (C N); 1032 (C–O–C).
–
1H-NMR (d ppm) for 13b: 1.22 (t, J ¼ 6.85 Hz, 3H, CH2CH3);
4.17 (q, J ¼ 6.85 Hz, 2H, CH2CH3); 7.27 (s, 2H, NH2, D2O
exchangeable); 7.52–7.60 (m, 4H, chlorophenyl-H); 8.37 (s,
1H, pyrazolopyrimidine-C3-H); 8.52 (s, 1H, CHO); 12.54 (s,
1H, NH, D2O exchangeable). 13C-NMR (d ppm) for 13b:
–
3285–3269, 3221–3211 (NH); 1728–1727 (C O); 1662–1656,
–
–
1
1623–1617 (C N); 1250, 1069, 1032 (C–O–C). H-NMR (d ppm)
–
for 11a: 1.22, 1.27 (two t, J ¼ 6.85 Hz, each 3H, 2 ꢄ CH2CH3);
4.15, 4.25 (two q, J ¼ 6.85 Hz, each 2H, 2 ꢄ CH2CH3); 7.35 (t,
J ¼ 8.4 Hz, 1H, phenyl-C4-H); 7.53 (t, J ¼ 8.4 Hz, 2H, phenyl-
–
14.77 (CH CH ), 60.44 (CH CH ), 95.45 (C-3a), 110.79 (C C),
2
–
3
2
3
126.20 (chlorophenyl-C-2,6), 130.03 (chlorophenyl-C-3,5),
132.62 (chlorophenyl-C-4), 136.93 (chlorophenyl-C-1), 140.01
C
3,5-H); 8.12 (d, J ¼ 8.4 Hz, 2H, phenyl-C2,6-H); 8.60 (s, 1H,
–
(C-3), 150.35 (C-7a), 157.60 (C-4), 159.10 (C-6), 160.40 (C O
–
–
–
–
pyrazolopyrimidine-C -H); 8.72 (s, 1H, CH); 8.96 (s, 1H, pyr-
3
aldehyde), 164.15 (C O ester). MS m/z (relative abundance%)
–
azolopyrimidine-C6-H); 11.04 (s, 1H, NH, D2O exchangeable).
MS m/z (relative abundance%) for 11b: 417 [Mþ þ 2] (6.2), 416
[Mþ þ 1] (3.6), 415 [Mþ] (23.8), 370 (9.8), 369 (10.7), 345 (12.4),
344 (37.6), 343 (34.3), 342 (100), 341 (18.1), 326 (11.0), 324
(15.5), 316 (8.6), 315 (9.7), 314 (23.04), 299 (6.8), 298 (9.5), 297
(15.4), 272 (9.1), 271 (9.9), 270 (9.3), 269 (27.1), 268 (6.5), 256
(6.14), 255 (7.6), 241 (8.3), 231 (5.9), 230 (9.5), 229 (37.3), 228
(22.7), 201 (5.84), 194 (7.1), 176 (8.1), 175 (5.8), 162 (5.0), 128
(5.2), 111 (11.3).
for 13a: 326 [Mþ þ 1] (20.6), 325 [Mþ] (100), 279 (99.9), 278
(37.8), 252 (9.2), 251 (40.1), 238 (14.5), 223 (7.2), 184 (10.9), 183
(16.0), 139 (8.4), 93 (7.1), 92 (19.9), 91 (6.0) 77 (28.1), 69 (11.6),
53 (8.5), 52 (6.3), 51 (7.1). MS m/z (relative abundance%) for
13b: 361 [Mþ þ 2] (37.8), 360 [Mþ þ 1] (28.2), 359 [Mþ] (100),
358 (9.8), 315 (31.7), 314 (31.7), 313 (85.0), 312 (28.0), 287
(15.3), 286 (9.3), 285 (30.2), 272 (9.5), 271 (5.2), 257 (5.1), 218
(7.7), 217 (8.3), 156 (5.3), 127 (6.0), 126 (11.9), 125 (5.0), 113
(5.3), 111 (16.4), 75 (11.0), 69 (17.9), 68 (6.7), 67 (5.2), 53 (12.9),
52 (8.9).
Ethyl 8-aryl-4-oxopyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimido-
[1,2-c]pyrimidine-3-carboxylates 12a,b
A mixture of 11a,b (0.002 mol) and diphenyl ether (3 mL) was
heated under reflux for 1 h then allowed to cool. The
obtained precipitate was filtered, washed with EtOH, dried
and crystallized. Physicochemical and analytical data are
2-(4-Amino-1-aryl-1,7-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-
ylidene)-N-benzyl-3-oxopropionamides 14a,b
A suspension of 12a,b (0.001 mol) in benzylamine (0.43 g,
0.44 mL, 0.004 mol) was heated at 160–170 for 30 min. The
reaction mixture was allowed to cool then triturated with 2
portions of ether (2 ꢄ 15 mL). The obtained precipitate
was filtered, washed with ether, dried and crystallized.
Physicochemical and analytical data are recorded in Table
3. IR (KBr, cmꢂ1): 3354–3353, 3300–3296, 3115–3108 (NH);
recorded in Table 3. IR (KBr, cmꢂ1): 3340, 3114 (NH); 1742–
1
–
–
–
1741, 1692–1688 (C O); 1625–1621 (C N); 1032 (C–O–C). H-
–
NMR (d ppm) for 12a: 1.28 (t, J ¼ 6.85 Hz, 3H, CH2CH3); 4.26 (q,
J ¼ 6.85 Hz, 2H, CH2CH3); 7.48 (t, J ¼ 7.65 Hz, 1H, phenyl-C4-
H); 7.62 (t, J ¼ 7.65 Hz, 2H, phenyl-C3,5-H); 8.04 (d,
J ¼ 7.65 Hz, 2H, phenyl-C2,6-H); 8.84 (s, 1H, pyrazolopyrimi-
dopyrimidine-C2-H); 8.87 (s, 1H, pyrazolopyrimidopyrimi-
dine-C10-H); 9.64 (s, 1H, pyrazolopyrimidopyrimidine-C6-H).
MS m/z (relative abundance%) for 12b: 372 [Mþ þ 3] (8.9),
371 [Mþ þ 2] (45.3), 370 [Mþ þ 1] (15.4), 369 [Mþ] (100), 341
(12.7), 327 (5.8), 326 (20.2), 325 (24.5), 324 (92.6), 323 (13.9),
299 (34.5), 298 (25.4), 297 (91.6), 296 (11.6), 271 (21.6), 270
1681–1673 (C O); 1614–1613 (C N); 1032 (C–O–C). 1H-NMR
–
–
–
–
(d ppm) for 14a: 4.49 (d, J ¼ 6.15 Hz, 2H, CH2C6H5); 7.21–7.55
(m, 12H, Ar-H and NH2); 8.38 (s, 1H, pyrazolopyrimidine-C3-H);
8.67 (s, 1H, CHO); 9.41, 12.87 (two s, each 1H, 2NH, D2O
exchangeable). MS m/z (relative abundance%) for 14a: 387
[Mþ þ 1] (2.1), 386 [Mþ] (6.0), 325 (6.8), 281 (5.3), 280 (13.4),
279 (9.0), 278 (5.2), 225 (6.0), 185 (11.0), 184 (7.9), 183 (9.2), 131
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194
H. A. Abd El Razik and A. E. Abdel Wahab
Arch. Pharm. Chem. Life Sci. 2011, 11, 184–196
(5.8), 119 (6.2), 106 (100), 93 (7.3), 92 (11.6), 91 (25.4), 90 (7.5),
79 (10.3), 78 (5.9), 77 (28.8), 69 (8.1), 65 (6.4), 53 (5.6), 51 (5.0).
(relative abundance%) for 16a: 325 [Mþ þ 1] (24.8), 324
[Mþ] (100), 323 (22.6), 296 (17.7), 295 (10.5), 279 (6.1), 278
(5.8), 93 (11.7), 92 (10.3), 77 (20.1), 67 (5.6), 52 (6.9), 51 (6.4). MS
m/z (relative abundance%) for 16b: 360 [Mþ þ 2] (36.3), 359
[Mþ þ 1] (26.8), 358 [Mþ] (100), 357 (11.9), 332 (7.1), 330 (20.9),
313 (7.5), 312 (6.1), 186 (8.6), 127 (9.8), 126 (9.9), 75 (6.1), 67
(6.2), 52 (6.9).
Ethyl 3-(1-aryl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-2-
cyanoacrylates 15a,b
A mixture of 9a,b (0.001 mol) and ethyl ethoxymethylene-
cyanoacetate (0.17 g, 0.001 mol) was heated at 120–130 for
5 min. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool then tritu-
rated with ether. The obtained precipitate was filtered,
washed with ether, dried and crystallized. Physicochemical Biology
and analytical data are recorded in Table 3. IR (KBr, cmꢂ1):
3278–3276, 3197–3196 (NH); 2229–2227 (C N); 1734–1732
Anticancer screening
Estimation of the concentration of a test chemical
producing a 50% inhibition (IC50) by MTT assay
1
–
–
–
(C O); 1646–1642 (C N); 1032 (C–O–C). H-NMR (d ppm) for
–
15a: 1.25 (t, J ¼ 6.9 Hz, 3H, CH2CH3); 4.23 (q, J ¼ 6.9 Hz, 2H,
CH2CH3); 7.38 (t, J ¼ 7.65 Hz, 1H, phenyl-C4-H); 7.56 (t,
J ¼ 7.65 Hz, 2H, phenyl-C3,5-H); 8.14 (d, J ¼ 7.65 Hz, 2H, phe-
Isolation of lymphocytes
–
nyl-C2,6-H); 8.80 (s, 1H, CH ); 8.86 (s, 1H, pyrazolopyrimidine-
–
Isolation of lymphocytes from whole human blood using
Ficoll-PagueTM Plus, ready to use density gradient medium
for purifying lymphocytes in high yield and purity from
human peripheral blood. 5 mL of human blood in a hepari-
nized syring was mixed gently with one part of Hank’s
Balance Salt Solution (HBSS). Layer carefully the diluted blood
sample onto 10 mL Ficoll. Three layers will be obtained of the
centrifugation at 2000 rpm for 25 min, using Pasteur pipette
withdraw the middle lymphocyte layer. Lymphocytes were
suspended in 1 mL of HBSS and were centrifuged at 2000 rpm
for 10 min. Then, final pellet was resuspended in 1 mL RPMI.
Under the microscope count the cells in the central
25 squares using hemocytometer and Trypan blue dye.
C3-H); 9.24 (s, 1H, pyrazolopyrimidine-C6-H); 12.21 (s, 1H, NH,
D2O exchangeable). 1H-NMR (d ppm) for 15b: 1.31 (t,
J ¼ 6.9 Hz, 3H, CH2CH3); 4.29 (q, J ¼ 6.9 Hz, 2H, CH2CH3);
7.57, 7.60 (two d, J ¼ 9.15 Hz, each 2H, chlorophenyl-C2,6-H
–
and C3,5-H); 8.82 (s, 1H, CH ); 8.88 (s, 1H, pyrazolopyrimidine-
–
C3-H); 9.25 (s, 1H, pyrazolopyrimidine-C6-H); 12.15 (s, 1H, NH,
D2O exchangeable). MS m/z (relative abundance%) for 15b: 370
[Mþ þ 2] (16.8), 369 [Mþ þ 1] (11.3), 368 [Mþ] (39.5), 349 (5.2),
324 (9.5), 323 (10.9), 322 (17.0), 307 (15.7), 298 (7.9), 297 (30.9),
296 (32.3), 295 (100), 294 (6.5), 270 (8.8), 229 (16.7), 202 (5.3),
176 (6.5), 150 (5.7), 149 (33.9).
Ethyl 2-(4-amino-1-aryl-1,7-dihydropyrazolo-
[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-ylidene)-3-iminopropionoates 16a,b
A mixture of 15a,b (0.002 mol) and glacial acetic acid (5 mL)
was heated under reflux for 10 h. The reaction mixture was
then cooled and poured onto cold water. The obtained pre-
cipitate was filtered, washed with water, dried and crystal-
lized. Physicochemical and analytical data are recorded in
Measurement cytotoxicity
5 ꢄ 104 lymphocyte cells were seeded per well in 96 well
plates and the plates were incubated in RPMI media contain-
ing a test chemical (3b, 4b, 5b, 6b, 6d, 7c, 8c, 10b, 12b, 13a,
13b and 16b) with different concentrations (1.5, 7.5, 15, 22.5
and 30 mg/mL) for 24 h in 5% CO2 incubator. Next, the media
was removed, wells were washed with HBSS, and the fraction
of viable lymphocyte cells was measured by the MTT assay.
Table 3. IR (KBr, cmꢂ1): 3281–3271 (NH); 1691–1688 (C O);
–
–
1623–1622 (C N); 1032 (C–O–C). H-NMR (d ppm) for 16a: 1.27
1
–
–
(t, J ¼ 6.9 Hz, 3H, CH2CH3); 4.25 (q, J ¼ 6.9 Hz, 2H, CH2CH3);
6.94 (s, 2H, NH2, D2O exchangeable); 7.37 (t, J ¼ 7.65 Hz, 1H,
phenyl-C4-H); 7.48–7.62 (m, 5H, phenyl-C2,3,5,6-H and NH); 7.92
(s, 1H, pyrazolopyrimidine-C3-H); 8.03 (s, 1H, NH, D2O
Effect of IC50 of a test chemical on tumor cell viability
To measure tumor cell viability tumor (HelaS3, HepG2 and
CaCo), 2 ꢄ 104 cells were seeded per well in 96 well plates and
plates were incubated in Ham’s F-l2, RPMI and DMEM, respect-
ively for 24 h in 5% CO2 incubator for cell attachment. Next,
the media was changed to media containing 1% of IC50 of test
chemicals (0.44, 0.2, 0.18, 0.5, 0.4, 0.45, 0.49, 0.2, 0.21, 0.43,
1.05, and 0.45 mg/mL, respectively) and cells were incubated in
that media for 24, 48, and 72 h. Media without test chemical
was used as the negative control and media containing solvent
(DMSO) as solvent control. At each time point, the media was
removed, wells were washed with phosphate buffer saline (PBS)
and fractions of viable cells were measured by the MTT assay.
exchangeable); 8.68 (s, 1H, CH ). 1H-NMR (d ppm) for 16b:
–
–
1.27 (t, J ¼ 6.9 Hz, 3H, CH2CH3); 4.25 (q, J ¼ 6.9 Hz, 2H,
CH2CH3); 6.98 (s, 2H, NH2, D2O exchangeable); 7.52–7.62
(m, 5H, chlorophenyl-H and NH); 7.93 (s, 1H, pyrazolopyrimi-
dine-C3-H); 8.01 (s, 1H, NH, D2O exchangeable); 8.68 (s, 1H,
CH ). 13C-NMR (d ppm) for 16b: 14.72 (CH2CH3), 60.82
–
–
(CH CH ), 99.72 (C C), 102.22 (C-3a), 125.72 (chlorophenyl-
–
–
2
3
C-2,6), 129.89 (chlorophenyl-C-3,5), 131.91 (chlorophenyl-C-4),
137.74 (chlorophenyl-C-1), 141.22 (C-3), 149.21 (C-7a), 159.50
–
–
–
(CH NH), 162.26 (C-4), 163.95 (C-6), 166.18 (C O). MS m/z
–
ß 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
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Arch. Pharm. Chem. Life Sci. 2011, 11, 184–196
Anticancer/Antimicrobial Fused Pyrazolopyrimidines
195
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chondria of viable cells. 100 mL of the MTT working solution
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4 h in 5% CO2 incubator. Next, media was removed, wells
were washed with PBS, and 100 mL DMSO were added to
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The authors have declared no conflict of interest.
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