Organometallics
Communication
rationalized as the overcrowding at the rhodium center due to
the presence of the four bulky ferrocenyl substituents in A.
Since the positive influences of the ferrocenyl substituents in
A were proven in the palladium-catalyzed reaction, we
intended to adjust its structure for wider applicability. In this
Communication, the synthesis and applications of a C1-
symmetric Binap derivative having a single diferrocenylphos-
phino moiety (FcPh-Binap; 1) are reported.
A major drawback of A is the overcrowding at the
coordinating metal center. Our strategy to solve this problem
is introducing one diferrocenylphosphino group in a chiral
bisphosphine ligand instead of two in A, and C1-symmetric
FcPh-Binap (1) was designed. An axially chiral binaphthyl
framework was employed in 1 instead of the bi(benzodioxolyl)
skeleton in A, since the starting compound, (S)-/(R)-
binaphthol, was commercially available. The synthesis of 1 is
outlined in Scheme 1. Diphenylphosphino/triflate 2 (prepared
Scheme 1. Preparation of FcPh-Binap 1
Figure 3. Ball-and-stick drawing of the X-ray structure of PdCl2[(S)-
FcPh-Binap] ((S)-3) with selected atom numbering. Cocrystallized
solvent molecules are omitted for clarity. Selected bond lengths (Å)
and angles (deg): Pd1−P1 = 2.252(1), Pd1−P2 = 2.287(2), Pd1−Cl1
= 2.347(2), Pd1−Cl2 = 2.333(2), C2−C12 = 1.508(8); P1−Pd1−P2
= 92.20(6), Cl1−Pd1−P2 = 86.61(7), Cl1−Pd1−Cl2 = 89.13(7),
Cl2−Pd1−P1 = 92.54(6), dihedral angles between the two Cp planes
in a Fc substituent = 6.41 (in Fc1) and 4.81 (in Fc2); nonbonding
distances: H6−H26 = 2.382, H6−H30 = 2.438, H17−H22 = 2.325.
ferrocenyl substituents leading to the distortion of the
ferrocenyl units. However, the distortion in 3 is smaller than
that in PdCl2(Fc-Segphos), which indicates that the over-
crowding in A is somewhat reduced in 1. The dihedral angle
between the P1Pd1P2 plane and the Cl1Pd1Cl2 plane is 9.21°.
The distortion at Pd1 is marginal, and the sum of the four
angles at Pd1 involving Cl1, Cl2, P1, and P2 is 360.48. The
bite angle, P1−Pd1−P2, in 3 is 92.20(6)°, which is comparable
to that in PdCl2(Binap) (92.69(8)°).3 Likewise, the dihedral
angle between the two naphthyl planes in 3 (71.64°) is only
slightly larger than that in PdCl2(Binap) (71.30°).
(R)-FcPh-Binap 1 was tested in several metal-catalyzed
asymmetric reactions, and its performance was compared with
that of parent Binap. The first reaction examined was the
palladium-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of axially chiral
allenes (Table 1).13 While the Pd/(R)-Binap catalyst provided
allene (R)-6ax of 34% ee in 85% yield for the reaction of 4a
with malonate 5x (entry 1), the enantioselectivity was
improved to 81% ee by the use of Pd/(R)-1 under the
otherwise identical conditions (entry 2). Similarly, (R)-1
showed higher enantioselectivity than (R)-Binap for the
reaction of 4a or 4b with malonate 5y to give (R)-6ay (82%
ee vs 86% ee; entries 3 and 4) or (R)-6by (54% ee vs 88% ee;
entries 5 and 6). The reaction with bissulfone 5z also showed
advantage of (R)-1 over (R)-Binap. Allene (R)-6cz of 46% ee
was obtained in 94% yield using Binap (entry 7). In
comparison, the Pd/(R)-1 catalyst afforded (R)-6cz of 86%
ee in 94% yield (entry 8).
from (R)-binaphthol)10 was reacted with diferrocenylphos-
phine11 in the presence of DABCO and catalytic NiCl2(dppe)
in DMF. The reaction proceeded slowly, and 1 was obtained in
52% in 60 h. Similar conditions were used in the preparation of
unsymmetric Binap derivatives,12 and the coupling reactions
proceeded with retention of the stereochemistry in 2.
However, the partial racemization was detected in the present
reaction, and (R)-1 was isolated in 48% ee. The enantiomeric
purification of scalemic (R)-1 was achieved by the preparative
chiral HPLC on Daicel Chiralpak IA, and (R)- and (S)-1 were
obtained as pure enantiomers. Alternatively, enantiomerically
pure (R)-1 was isolated by recrystallization of scalemic (R)-1
(48% ee) from chloroform/pentane. The X-ray crystallography
of (R)-(+)-1 confirmed its structure and the absolute
is air-stable, and the 31P NMR analysis of crystalline 1, which
had been stored under air for a few months, showed no
oxidation.
A reaction of an equimolar mixture of (S)-1 and PdCl2(cod)
in chloroform gave PdCl2[(S)-FcPh-Binap] ((S)-3) quantita-
tively. The 31P NMR signals of unligated (S)-1, detected at δP
−35.0 and −14.0, shifted downfield to δP 14.4 and 26.1 upon
the coordination to Pd(II). The single-crystals of (S)-3 were
grown as deep-red prisms by recrystallization from chloro-
form/hexane, and the crystal structure is shown in Figure 3
membered chelate and the alternating face-edge orientation of
the phosphorus-bound Fc and Ph groups are similar to those in
PdCl2(Binap).3 As observed in PdCl2(Fc-Segphos),8 both
FeCp fragments are located away from Pd1 to avoid the steric
congestion around Pd1. The nonbonding interactions are
observed between Fc2 and H6 as well as between the two
Whereas FcPh-Binap 1 was more effective than Binap in the
reaction in Table 1, the validity of 1 was examined in the
intermolecular asymmetric Heck reaction of aryl triflates 8 with
2,3-dihydrofuran 7 (Table 2).3,15 The initial product in the
reaction is 10, which subsequently undergoes the isomerization
to 9 under the palladium catalysis. The isomerization is also
1021
Organometallics 2021, 40, 1020−1024