5002
recent reports concerning the synthesis of polysubstituted tetrahydroisoquinolines and related
compounds on solid-support and by parallel array are noteworthy.18,19
Acknowledgements
We thank NSERCC for ®nancial assistance through the Medicinal Chemistry Chair Program.
References
1. Rozwadowska, M. D. Heterocycles 1994, 39, 903, and references cited therein; Herbert, R. B. In The Chemistry
and Biology of Isoquinoline Alkaloids; Philipson, J. D.; Roberts, M. F.; Zenk, M. H., Eds.; Springer-Verlag: Berlin,
1985; p. 213; Shamma, M. In Isoquinoline Alkaloids, Chemistry and Pharmacology; Academic: New York, 1972.
2. Cox, A. D.; Cook, J. M. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 1797.
3. For a recent example, see: Morimoto, T.; Suzuki, N.; Achiwa, K. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1998, 9, 183.
4. For leading references, see: Vicario, J. L.; Badõa, D.; Domõnguez, E.; Carrillo, L. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 4610;
Monsees, A.; Laschat, S.; Dix, I. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 10018.
5. Chandrasekhar, S.; Mohanty, P. K.; Harikishan, K.; Sasmal, P. K. Org. Lett. 1999, 1, 877.
6. Weber, K.; Kuklinski, S.; Gmeiner, P. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 647.
7. For the synthesis of heterocycles from amino acids, see: Sardina, F. J.; Rapoport, H. Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 1825;
for early seminal work in asymmetric synthesis, see: Meyers, A. I.; Fuentes, L. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105,
117.
8. Hanessian, S.; Wang, W.; Gai, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7477.
9. Jako, I.; Uiber, P.; Mann, A.; Taddei, M.; Wermuth, C.-G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 1011.
10. Hanessian, S.; Sumi, K. Synthesis 1991, 1083.
11. Eenberger, F.; Gleiter, R. Chem. Ber. 1964, 97, 472.
12. For a review on a-amino acid aldehydes, their derivatives, and further transformations, see: Reetz, M. T.; Rohrig,
D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1989, 28, 1706; Reetz, M. T. Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 1121.
13. Wunsch, E.; Jaeger, E.; Kisfaludy, L.; Low, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1977, 16, 317; Schmidt, U.;
Lieberknecht, A.; Bokens, H.; Griesser, H. J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 2680.
14. Eckert, H.; Forster, B. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1987, 26, 894.
15. Nowick, J. S.; Powell, N. A.; Nguyen, T. M.; Noronha, G. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 7364.
16. Typical procedure for cuprate addition: A suspension of magnesium chips (535 mg, 22 mmol, 1.1 equiv.) with a
trace of iodine in 6 mL of THF was heated at re¯ux until colorless. After cooling to room temperature, 2-bromo-
toluene (3.4 g, 20 mmol), in 34 mL of THF was added dropwise over 30 min so that the temperature was kept
below 40ꢀC. Stirring was maintained for 30 min and after 12 h the supernatant was cannulated into a ¯ask,
aording a 0.5 M solution of the Grignard reagent. To a suspension of CuI (1.9 g, 10 mmol) in 10 mL of THF at
^78ꢀC was added dropwise 40 mL of the preceding solution of Grignard reagent (0.5 M in THF, 20 mmol). The
resulting mixture was allowed to warm to ^20ꢀC over 1 h, then recooled to ^78ꢀC. To the reaction mixture were
added trimethylsilyl chloride (3 mL, 22 mmol) and a solution of 2 (712 mg, 2.5 mmol) in 5 mL of THF dropwise.
The resulting mixture was stirred at this temperature for 12 h, then quenched with 30 mL of a saturated aqueous
NH4Cl solution. After dilution with AcOEt, the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted twice with
AcOEt and the combined organic phases were washed twice with NH4OH (5% in solution), brine, dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to give after ¯ash chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether:AcOEt, 9:1
then 8:2) 760 mg (81%) of 3 as a pale yellow oil. Typical procedure for the Friedel±Crafts cyclization: To a solution
of 4 (680 mg, 1.42 mmol) and resorcinol (157 mg, 1.42 mmol) in 5 mL of toluene at 0ꢀC was added 1 mL of
CF3COOH. The resulting mixture was stirred at this temperature for 6 h, then concentrated in vacuo. The resulting
material was diluted in AcOEt, washed twice with 1 M NaOH, brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in
vacuo to give 5 (520 mg, 97%) as a pale yellow oil which was used in the next reaction without puri®cation. To a
solution of triphosgene (143 mg, 0.48 mmol) in 5 mL of CH2Cl2 at 0ꢀC was added dropwise by cannula a solution
of 4 (520 mg, 1.38 mmol) and pyridine (280 ml, 3.45 mmol) in 5 mL of CH2Cl2. The resulting yellow solution was