Synthesis and bioevaluation of glycosyl ureas as α-glucosidase inhibitors and their effect on mycobacterium

Article abstract of DOI:10.1016/S0968-0896(03)00214-1

Glycosyl amino esters (2-13) on reaction with different isocyanates resulted in quantitative conversion to glycosyl ureas (14 - 32). Few of the selected ureas (15-20, 22-28, 30 and 32) on cyclative amidation with DBU/TBAB/4 A MS gave respective dihydropyrimidinones in fair to good yields (33-47). The compounds were screened for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and two (19 and 23) of them showed strong inhibition against rat intestinal α-glucosidase. The compounds were also screened against Mycobacterium aurum, however, only one (19) of them exhibited marginal antitubercular activity.

Full text of DOI:10.1016/S0968-0896(03)00214-1

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 11 (2003) 2911–2922
Synthesis and Bioevaluation of Glycosyl Ureas as ꢀ-Glucosidase
Inhibitors and Their Effect on Mycobacteriumy
Neetu Tewari,a V. K. Tiwari,a R. C. Mishra,a R. P. Tripathi,a,* A. K. Srivastava,b
R. Ahmad,b R. Srivastavac and B. S. Srivastavac
aDivision of Medicinal Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
bDivision of Biochemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
cDivision of Microbiology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
Received 12 March 2003; accepted 24 March 2003
Abstract—Glycosyl amino esters (2–13) on reaction with different isocyanates resulted in quantitative conversion to glycosyl ureas
(14-–32). Few of the selected ureas (15–20, 22–28, 30 and 32) on cyclative amidation with DBU/TBAB/4 A MS gave respective
dihydropyrimidinones in fair to good yields (33–47). The compounds were screened for a-glucosidase inhibitory activity and two
(19 and 23) of them showed strong inhibition against rat intestinal a-glucosidase. The compounds were also screened against
Mycobacterium aurum, however, only one (19) of them exhibited marginal antitubercular activity. #2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All
rights reserved.
# 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Introduction
design and development of antidiabetic,7,8 antiviral,7,9
antibacterial7,10 and anticancer11 agents. In NIDDM,
delaying glucose absorption after meals by inhibition of
a-glucosidase is beneficial in therapy.12,13 A pseudo-
sachharide (acarbose) and an azasugar (miglitol) are
being clinically used14À16 for this purpose in the man-
agement of diabetes but these are associated with severe
side effects including adverse gastrointestinal effects and
abdominal discomfort. Spirosugars and glycosylamino
acids both in acyclic and cyclic forms are known for
their antidiabetic potential17 affecting glycogen phos-
phorylase, a well known target in controlling the blood
glucose level (Fig. 1).
Type-2noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus
(NIDDM),1,2 a multifactorial disease accounts for 90–
95% of all diabetes and affects about 150 million people
globally. Among the non-infectious diseases (NID) it is
a major killer disease and therefore been declared as
priority disease by WHO. Although several drugs3 for
NIDDM with the known targets exist today, yet they
are associated with many drawbacks such as liver toxi-
city,4 adverse gastrointestinal symptoms5 and raising
the symptoms and risk factors of heart disease. Ther-
apeutic approaches of herbal medicines also exist6 but
lack of well organized and rigorous clinical trial evi-
dence to advocate their scientific merit warrants the
introduction of new synthetic drugs against diabetes. In
general, glycosidases are well known targets in the
Certain phenyl ureas exhibit antidiabetic18 effect; how-
ever, they are associated with many drawbacks and it is
envisaged that a hybrid of ureidyl pharmacophores and
Figure. 1. a-Glucosidase inhibitors used as drugs.
*Corresponding author. Tel.: +91-522-221-2412-418x4382; e-mail: rpt_56@yahoo.com
yCDRI Communication No. 6244.
0968-0896/03/$ - see front matter # 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/S0968-0896(03)00214-1

2912
N. Tewari et al. / Bioorg. Med. Chem. 11 (2003) 2911–2922
sugars, which are known for drug targeting19 and better
pharmacokinetics20 may offer new leads against dia-
betes. Keeping in mind the above and in continuation of
our work21 on the development of chemotherapeutic
agents from sugars, we have synthesized glycosyl ureas,
both in flexible and rigid conformations, and evaluated
for a-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Since we are also
involved in a new drug development programme against
tuberculosis, it was interesting for these compounds to
be screened against Mycobacterium aurum because of
the fact that glycosidase inhibitors are known for anti-
tubercular activity.
The structures of ureidyl derivatives are based on their
spectroscopic data and analysis. Absorption around
1660 cmÀ1 in these compounds indicated the presence of
CONH group. For SAR we were intended to synthesize
the rigid analogues of those ureidyl derivatives, which
have shown any inhibition against a-glucosidase. The
structures of all the compounds are based on spectro-
scopic data and analysis. The stereochemistry at C-5 in
ureidyl derivatives is always that of starting amino
ester,22 since the addition of isocyanates to the amines
and the cyclative amidation does not involve C-5 chiral
centre but the amino group attached to it, thus the
configuration in the resulting compounds will not be
changed at C-5 in glycosyl ureas and at C-6 in corre-
sponding cyclic compounds. The configuration in gly-
cosyl aminoesters have already established21aÀc,23 at C-5
as ‘S’ and ‘R’ in the major and minor isomers, respec-
tively, and it was observed that in ‘S’ isomer J4À5 (9.5
Hz) is always higher than J4À5 (7.2Hz) of ‘ R’ isomer.
Since amino esters (3, 5–8, 10–13) with ‘S’ configuration
have been used in isocyanates addition, hence, the con-
figuration at C-5 in glycosyl ureas (14, 16–22, 24–32)
and that of C-6 in corresponding cyclic analogues
(33–47) would be ‘S’ only. Further, trans relationship
between H-40 and H-6 protons in cyclic compounds was
Results and Discussion
Chemistry
The synthesis of compounds reported in the present
study is given in Scheme 1. The starting glycosyl amino
esters 2–13 are prepared by conjugate addition of dif-
ferent primary amines to the sugar derived olefinic
esters 1a and 1b, by the method already reported by
us.21bÀd Compounds 2–13 on simple addition to differ-
ent isocyanates including phenyl, benzyl, 3-acetyl
phenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl isocyanates gave
respective glycosyl ureides (14–32) in quantitative yields.
Further compounds (15–20, 22, 24–28, 30 and 32) on
cyclative amidation with DBU/4 A MS/Tetrabutyl
ammonium bromide (TBAB) in refluxing toluene gave
the corresponding glycosyl dihydropyrimidinones (33–
47) in fair to good yields.
1
also evidenced by the H NMR of the nucleosides (ca.
0
compound 34) the J4 ,6 is 9.5 Hz in ‘S’ isomer and 7.2
Hz in ‘R’ isomer (not included in the Experimental).
The amino esters (3 and 9) are a mixture of diastereo-
isomers and hence the resulting ureides (15 and 23) are
a diastereoisomeric mixture. However, corresponding
cyclised products (33 and 40) are isolated as pure iso-
mers by column chromatography.
Scheme 1.

N. Tewari et al. / Bioorg. Med. Chem. 11 (2003) 2911–2922
2913
Biology
and 30) with flexible conformation are stronger inhi-
bitor of a-glucosidase than cyclic compounds (34, 35,
37, 40, 41 and 46) with rigid conformation. Three com-
pounds 19, 23 and 30 showed good enzyme inhibitory
effect in dose dependent manner. IC50 values for com-
pounds 23 and 30 were 140 and 40 mmol, respectively
(Fig. 2).
Out of several targets for NIDDM a-glucosidase inhi-
bitors are gaining much importance as they are impor-
tant both in breakdown of polysachharides into
monosachharides and in the absorption of glucose in
the enterocytes of the small intestine. Two of the well-
known drugs acarbose and miglitol have undergone into
extensive clinical trial. However, these and other known
inhibitors of this enzyme have some demerits. Further
furanose sugar derivatives are known to inhibit liver
gluconeogenesis24 and glycogenolysis and thereby show
antidiabetic activity. Spirosugars having glycosyl amino
acid and ureidyl components have shown inhibition of
glycogen phosphorylase and many other glycosidases, it
was contemplated that the designed compounds with
ureidyl and amino acid components hybridized with
sugars would offer a new class of antidiabetic agents. As
evident from Table 1 compounds 16, 17, 19, 23, 24 and
30 show strong inhibition of a-glucosidase either at 250
or 100 mM concentrations. The standard drug acarbose
inhibited this enzyme to the extent of 68% at 50 mM.
N1 unsubstituted compound 23 is equipotent to com-
pounds with butyl or dodecyl substituents (17 and 19).
However, N3 phenyl with chloro or fluoro substituents
results in better enzyme inhibition than unsubstituted
or acetyl phenyls. N1-cyclopropyl and N1-n-butyl also
showed inhibitory effect depending upon the sub-
stituents in the aromatic ring at N3 and 3-O-sub-
stituent in sugar ring. Hence, no generalization can be
made on the dependence of enzyme inhibitory activity
at N1,N3 and 3-O-substituents of the sugar moiety
and it is their combined effect, which results in good
enzyme inhibition.
Out of curiosity that glycosidase inhibitors possess
antibacterial activity, these compounds were screened
against M. arum. However, only one (19) of them with
dodecyl as N1 and 4-chlorophenyl as N3 substituent
A close examination of structure activity relationship
indicates that acyclic glycosyl ureas (16, 17, 19, 23, 24
Table 1. a-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of flexible and rigid analogues of Glycosyl Ureas
Compd
R
R1
R2
% Inhibition of
a-glucosidasea
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
Acarbose
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
H
4-Cl (phenyl)
4-Cl (phenyl)
Benzyl
4-F(Phenyl)
Benzyl
4-Cl (phenyl)
Phenyl
4-Cl (phenyl)
Benzyl
4-Cl (phenyl)
3-Acetyl(phenyl)
4-Cl (phenyl)
Benzyl
4-F (phenyl)
3-Acetyl(phenyl)
4-F (phenyl
4-Cl (phenyl
Benzyl
Benzyl
4-Cl (phenyl)
Benzyl
4-F (phenyl)
Benzyl
4-Cl (phenyl)
Phenyl
Benzyl
4-Cl(phenyl)
3-Acetyl(phenyl)
4-Cl(phenyl)
Benzyl
4-F (phenyl)
3-Acetyl(phenyl)
4-Cl(phenyl)
Benzyl
47.0
4.3
Cyclopropy
Cyclopropyl
n-Butyl
81.7
85.6
13.7
93.5
34.8
31.5
16.4
97.2
74.7
15.3
40.5
49.3
11.9
20.9
94.3
10.8
12.3
11.7
35.2
13.5
0.72
5.7
5.0
20.2
2.5
47.0
Nil
61.8
17.3
28.5
41.4
48.5
68b
Heptyl
Dodecyl
Hexadecyl
Hexadecyl
Oleyl
CH3
CH2Ph
CH2Ph
CH2Ph
CH2Ph
CH2Ph
CH2Ph
CH2Ph
CH2Ph
CH2Ph
CH2Ph
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH2Ph
CH2Ph
CH2Ph
CH2Ph
CH2Ph
CH2Ph
CH2Ph
CH2Ph
H
Cyclopropyl
Cyclopropyl
Cyclopropyl
n-Butyl
Dodecyl
Dodecyl
Dodecyl
Dodecyl
Oleyl
Cyclopropyl
Cyclopropyl
n-Butyl
Heptyl
Dodecyl
Hexadecyl
Oleyl
H
Cyclopropyl
Cyclopropyl
Cyclopropyl
n-Butyl
Dodecyl
Dodecyl
Oleyl
aAt 100 mM.
bAt 50 mM.

2914
N. Tewari et al. / Bioorg. Med. Chem. 11 (2003) 2911–2922
exhibited mild antitubercular activity with MIC of 25
mg/mL only.
dip-140 polarimeter in chloroform, methanol or ethyl
acetate. Anhydrous sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) was used
as drying agent for the organic phases containing the
compounds. Unless otherwise stated, all materials were
obtained from commercial suppliers Sigma Aldrich
Company, Lancaster, SRL and Spectrochem Pvt. Ltd.
and were used without further purification.
General procedure for the synthesis of compounds 14–46
and their physical data
Ethyl-[(1R, 2R, 3S, 4R, 5S)-5,6-dideoxy-1, 2-O-isopro-
pylidene-3-O-methyl-5-{N3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-ureidyl}-
1,4-heptofuranos-5-yl]-uronoate (14). To a magnetically
stirring solution of glycosyl amino ester 2 (1.0 g, 3.46
mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (10 mL), 4-chloro
phenyl isocyanate (0.42mL, 3.46 mmol) was added at
30 ꢀC and stirring continued for 4 h. The solvent was
evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue, thus
obtained, was chromatographed over SiO2 column
using hexane/ethyl acetate (4:1) as eluent to give col-
ourless foam. Yield 95%; [a]2D5 26.66 (c 0.11, CHCl3);
MS FAB m/z=443 (M+H)+; IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1
1
3359 (NH), 2937 (CH), 1726 (C¼O), 1661 (NC¼O); H
NMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz) d 7.18 (m, 4H, Ar–H), 5.91 (d,
J=3.8 Hz, 1H, H-1), 5.60 (m, 1H, NH), 4.59 (d, J=3.8
Hz, 1H, H-2), 4.40 (m, 2H, H-4 and H-5), 4.13 (q, 2H,
OCH2CH3), 3.70 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H, H-3), 3.38 (s, 3H,
OCH3), 2.69 (m, 2H, H-6 ), 1.78 (s, 1H, NH), 1.47 and
1.31 [each s, each 3H, C(CH3)2], 1.25 (t, J=7.2Hz, 3H,
OCH2CH3). 13C NMR (CDCl3): d 172.2 (OC¼O); 155.7
(NC¼O); 138.2 (Ar–C); 129.1, 127.12, 127.9, 121.3 (Ar–
CH); 112.2 [C(CH3)2]; 105.1(C-1); 84.50 (C-2); 81.7 (C-
4); 80.7 (C-3); 61.2(O CH2CH3); 58.1(OCH3), 47.3 (C-
5); 37.3 (C-6); 27.1, 26.6, [>C(CH3)2]. Anal. calcd for
C20H27N2O7Cl: C, 54.29; H, 6.11; N, 6.33; Found: C,
54.30; H, 5.88; N, 6.38.
Figure 2.
In conclusion, we have synthesized glycosyl ureidyl
uronates and C-nucleosides manner in an efficient man-
ner. The compounds have been screened against rat
intestinal a-glucosidase, showing good inhibition
comparable to standard drug acarbose (Table 1).
Experimental
Chemistry
Ethyl-[(1R, 2R, 3S, 4R, 5R/S)-5,6-dideoxy-1,2-O-isopro-
pylidene-3-O-methyl-5-{N1- cyclopropyl-N3(4-chlorophe-
nyl)-1-ureidyl}-1,4-heptofuranos-5-yl-]-uronoate
(15).
All glasswares were dried in an open flame before use in
connection with an inert atmosphere. Solvents were
evaporated under reduced pressure and evaporation was
carried out at temperature <50 ꢀC. Thin layer chroma-
tography was performed using silica gel 60 F254 plates
with detecting agents iodine vapours, spraying with 5%
sulphuric acid in ethanol followed by heating at 100 ꢀC,
or by spraying with Dragendorf reagent. Silica gel (60–
120 mesh) was used for column chromatography.
Tetramethylsilane (0.0 ppm) was used as an internal
This was obtained by the reaction of compound 3 (1.50
g, 4.55 mmol) and 4-chlorophenyl isocyanate (0.55 mL,
4.55 mmol) as described above and isolated as colour-
less foam, Yield 92%. [a]2D5 À31.56 (c 0.47, CHCl3); MS
FAB m/z=483 (M+H)+; IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3434
(NH), 2936 (CH), 1729 (C¼O), 1673 (NC¼O); 1H
NMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz) d 7.37 (m, 4H, Ar–H); 5.88 (d,
J=3.78 Hz, 1H, H-1); 4.86 (dd, J=9.1 Hz and 3.0 Hz,
1H, H-4), 4.59 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H, H-2); 4.13 (m, 3H, H-
5, OCH2CH3); 3.68 and 3.60 (each d, J=3.0 Hz, each
1H, diastereomeric H-3); 3.38 and 3.34 (each s, 3H,
diastereomeric OCH3); 2.82 (m, 1H, diastereomeric H-
6A); 2.52 (m. 1H, cyclopropyl CH), 2.25 (dd, J=15.6 Hz
and 5.8 Hz, 1H, H-6B), 1.50, 1.47 and 1.30 [each s, 3H,
1
standard in H NMR and CDCl3 (77.0 ppm) was used
in 13C NMR. The abbreviations used to indicate the
peak multiplicity were; s, singlet; bs, broad singlet; d,
doublet; dd, double doublet; t, triplet; q, quartet; m,
multiplet; Hz, Hertz. FAB MS was recorded on Jeol
(Japan)/SX-102. Infrared spectrum was taken with KBr
on Perkin-Elmer RX-1. Melting points were determined
on a Buchi 535 digital melting point apparatus and were
uncorrected. Elemental analysis was performed on a
Perkin-Elmer 2400 C, H, N analyzer and values were
withinÆ0.4% of the calculated values. The optical
rotations were measured in a 1.0 dm tube with Jasco
C(CH3)2], 1.22 (t, J=7.2Hz, 3H,OCH CH3), 0.92(m,
2
4H, cyclopropyl CH2S).13C NMR (CDCl3): (some of
the peaks were duplicated due to diastereomeric nature
of the product) d 173.1, 172.1 (OC¼O); 156.9, 156.1
(NC¼O); 138.1 (Ar–C); 129.1, 128.0, 127.9, 121.1 (Ar–
CH); 112.2 [>C (CH3)2]; 105.1, 105.0 (C-1); 84.0, 83.9
(C-2); 81.7, 81.4 (C-4); 80.5, 79.5 (C-3); 61.0, 60.8
(OCH2CH3); 57.7, 57.4 (OCH3); 36.2, 35.2 (C-6);

N. Tewari et al. / Bioorg. Med. Chem. 11 (2003) 2911–2922
2915
1
27.2,26.8 [>C(CH3)2]; 14.5 (OCH2CH3), 9.46, 9.13
(cyclopropyl CH2). Anal. calcd for C23H31N2O7Cl: C,
57.26; H, 6.43; N, 5.81; Found: C, 57.27; H, 6.43; N,
5.13.
(C¼O), 1639 (NC¼O); H NMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz) d
7.29 (m, 5H, Ar–H), 5.85 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H, H-1), 4.58
(d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H, H-2), 4.38 (m, 4H, H-4, H-5 and
NCH2Ph), 4.10 (m, 2H, OCH2CH3), 3.59 (d, J=3.0 Hz,
1H, H-3), 3.35 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.17 (m, 2H, NCH2), 2.82
(m, 1H, H-6A), 2.44 (dd, J=4.0 Hz and 15.5 Hz, 1H, H-
6B), 1.61 (bs, 2H, NCH2), 1.47 and 1.31 [each s, each
3H, C(CH3)2], 1.25–1.18 (m, 13H, OCH2CH3 and CH2
s), 0.85 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 3H, CH2CH2CH3). 13C NMR
(CDCl3): d 171.7 (OC¼O); 158.7 (NC¼O); 140.3 (Ar–
C); 128.8, 127.7, 127.2 (Ar–CH); 112.0 [>C(CH3)2];
105.0 (C-1); 84.1(C-2); 81.5 (C-4); 79.8 (C-3); 72.1, 71.7
(NCH2Ph), 61.1 (OCH2CH3); 57.6 (OCH3), 44.9, 44.5
(NCH2); 36.0 (C-6); 32.2 (CH2S), 27.6, 26.7 [C(CH3)2];
22.9 (CH2CH2CH3); 14.5 (OCH2 CH3). Anal. calcd for
C28H44N2O7: C, 64.6; H, 8.46; N, 5.38; Found: C, 64.64;
H, 8.50; N, 5.42.
Ethyl-[(1R, 2R, 3S, 4R, 5S)-5,6-dideoxy-1,2-O-isopropy-
lidene-3-O-methyl-5-(N1-cyclopropyl-N3-benzyl- 1-urei-
dyl)-1,4-heptofuranos-5-yl-]-uronoate (16). This was
obtained by the reaction of compound 3 (1.0 g, 3.03
mmol) and benzyl isocyanate (0.37 mL, 3.03 mmol) as
described above and isolated as colourless foam. Yield
96%; [a]2D5 À86.52( c 0.39, CHCl3); MS FAB m/z=462
(M+H)+; IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3455 (NH), 2936 (CH),
1730 (C¼O), 1653 (NC¼O); 1H NMR (CDCl3,
200 MHz) d 7.37 (m, 4H, Ar–H); 5.88 (d, J=3.78 Hz,
1H, H-1); 4.94 (m, 2H, H-4), 4.59 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H, H-
2); 4.42 (m, 2H, NCH2Ph), 4.13 (m, 3H, H-5,
OCH2CH3); 3.58 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H, H-3); 3.38 (s, 3H,
OCH3); 2.72 (m. 2H, cyclopropyl CH and H-6A), 2.38
(dd, J=15.2Hz and 4.2Hz, 1H, H-6 B), 1.74 (bs, 1H,
NH), 1.47 and 1.30 [each s, 3H, C(CH3)2], 1.22 (t,
Ethyl-[(1R, 2R, 3S, 4R, 5S)-5,6-dideoxy-1,2-O-isopropy-
lidene-3-O-methyl-5-{N1-dodecyl-N3-4-chlorophenyl)-1-
ureidyl}-1,4-heptofuranos-5-yl-]-uronoate (19). This was
obtained by the reaction of compound 6 (1.23 g, 0. 50
mmol) and 4-chloro phenyl isocyanate (0.06 mL, 0.50
mmol) as described above and isolated as colourless oil.
Yield 90%. [a]2D5 À13 (c 0.10, CH3OH); MS FAB m/z
=612(M+H) +; IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3294 (NH), 2926
J=7.2Hz, 3H, OCH CH3), 0.92(m, 4H, cyclopropyl
2
CH2s). 13C NMR (CDCl3): d 172.3(OC¼O); 159.1
(NC¼O); 140.4 (Ar–C); 128.8, 127.6, 127.2 (Ar–CH);
112.1 [>C(CH3)2]; 105.0 (C-1); 84.1(C-2); 81.8 (C-4);
79.8 (C-3); 60.6 (OCH2CH3); 57.2(OCH 3); 44.5
(NCH2), 35.8 (C-6); 31.6 (cyclopropyl CH), 27.3, 26.9
[>C(CH3)2]; 14.5 (OCH2CH3), 10.1, 9.0 (cyclopropyl
CH2S).
1
(CH), 1723 (C¼O), 1632(NC ¼O); H NMR (CDCl3,
200 MHz) d 7.28 and 7.19 (each d, J=8.9 Hz and 9.0
Hz, 4H, Ar–H), 5.89 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H, H-1), 4.61 (d,
J=3.8 Hz, 1H, H-2), 4.40 (m, 2H, H-4 and H-5), 4.18
(q, 2H, OCH2CH3), 3.60 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H, H-3), 3.39
(s, 3H, OCH3), 3.20 (m, 2H, NCH2), 2.80 and 2.39 (each
m, each 1H, H-6), 1.63 (m, 2H, NCH2CH2), 1.48 and
1.32[each s, each 3H, C(C H3)2], 1.28 (m, 21 protons,
OCH2CH3 and CH2s), 0.87 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 3H,
(CH2)11CH3). 13C NMR (CDCl3): d 173.4 (OC¼O);
156.6 (NC¼O); 138.9 (Ar–C); 129.1, 127.2, 120.1 (Ar–
CH); 112.1 [>C(CH3)2]; 105.2(C-1); 84.1 (C-2); 81.6
(C-4); 79.5 (C-3), 61.5 (OCH2CH3),58.1 (OCH3), 36.3
Ethyl-[(1R, 2R, 3S, 4R, 5S)-5,6-dideoxy-1,2-O-isopropy-
3
lidene-3-O-methyl-5-{N1- butyl-N -(4-fluorophenyl-1-ur-
eidyl)-1,4-heptofuranos-5-yl-]-uronoate (17). This was
obtained by the reaction of compound 4 (0 .96 g, 2.77
mmol) and 4-fluorophenyl isocyanate (0.03 mL, 2.77
mmol) as described above and isolated as colourless
foam. Yield 92%; [a]2D5 À26.2 (c 0.08, CH3OH); MS
FAB m/z=484 (M+H)+; IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3346
(NH), 2935 (CH), 1723 (C¼O), 1661 (NC¼O); 1H
NMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz) d 7.28 and 6.98 (two d,
J=10.2Hz and 8.7 Hz, 4H, Ar–H); 5.90 (d, J=3.8 Hz,
1H, H-1); 4.62(d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H, H-2); 4.42 (m, 2H,
NH and H-4); 4.17 (m, 3H, H-5, OCH2CH3); 3.61 (d,
J=3.0 Hz, 1H, H-3); 3.39 (s, 3H, OCH3); 3.24 (dd,
J=6.6 Hz and 9.0 Hz, 1H, NCH2); 2.8–1.5 (m, 4H, H-6
0
(C-6); 32.2, 30.1, 29.7, 27.8 (CH2 s), 27.1, 26.5
[C(CH3)2]; 22.9 (CH2CH2CH3); 14.5 (OCH2 CH3
CH2CH3). Anal. calcd for C32H49N2O7Cl: C, 62.8; H,
7.36; N, 4.58; Found: C, 62.82; H, 7.39; N, 4.62.
Ethyl-[(1R, 2R, 3S, 4R, 5S)-5,6-dideoxy-1,2-O-isopropy-
lidene-3-O-methyl-5-(N1-hexadecyl-N3-phenyl)-1-urei-
dyl)-1,4-heptofuranos-5-yl-]-uronoate (20). Obtained by
the reaction of compound 7 (1.10 g, 2.14 mmol) and
phenyl isocyanate (0.23 mL, 2.14 mmol) as described
above and isolated as colourless oil. Yield 84%. [a]D25
À26.4 (c 0.125, CH3OH); MS FAB m/z=633 (M+H)+;
IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3352 (NH), 2926 (CH), 1724
and NCH2CH2); 1.48 and 1.32[each s, 3H, t, C(CH ) ],
3 2
1.26 (m, 4H, NCH2CH2CH2, OCH2CH3), 0.92[t,
J=6.5 Hz, 3H, (CH2)3CH3].13C NMR (CDCl3): d 172.1
(OC¼O); 158.1 (NC¼O); 138.1 (Ar–C); 129.2, 128.3,
128.9, 120.6 (Ar–CH); 112.1 [>C(CH3)2]; 105.2(C-1);
82.5 (C-2); 82.0 (C-4); 81.9 (C-3); 61.1 (OCH2CH3); 58.0
(OCH3), 38.8 (NCH2); 32.4 (C-6); 27.2, 26.6
[>C(CH3)2]; 22.0 (CH2CH2CH3); 14.5 (OCH2CH3,
CH2CH3).
1
(C¼O), 1660 (NC¼O); H NMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz) d
7.30 (m, 5H, Ar–H), 5.90 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H, H-1), 4.62
(d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H, H-2), 4.45 (m, 1H, H-4), 4.19 (q, 2H,
OCH2CH3), 3.61 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H, H-3), 3.39 (s, 3H,
OCH3), 3.23 (m, 2H, NCH2), 2.81 (m, 1H, H-6A), 2.44
(dd, J=5.8 Hz and 17.4 Hz, 1H, H-6B), 1.57 (m, 2H,
NCH2CH2), 1.48 and 1.32[each s, each 3H, C(C H3)2],
Ethyl-[(1R, 2R, 3S, 4R, 5S)-5,6-dideoxy-1,2-O-isopropy-
lidene-3-O-methyl-5-(N1-heptyl-N3-benzyl-1-ureidyl)-1,4-
heptofuranos-5-yl]-uronoate (18). This was obtained by
the reaction of compound 5 (0.77 g, 1.98 mmol) and
benzyl isocyanate (0.24 mL, 1.98 mmol) as described
above and isolated as colourless foam. Yield 91%. [a]D25
À2 5 c( 0.15, CH3OH); MS FAB m/z=521 (M+H)+;
IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3371 (NH), 2930 (CH), 1730
0
1.24 (m, 29H, CH2 s and OCH2CH3], 0.87 [t, J=6.6 Hz,
3H, CH3]. 13C NMR (CDCl3) d 171.9 (OC¼O); 158
(NC¼O); 129.3, 129.0 122.7, 120.0, 119.6 (Ar–CH);
112.17 [>C(CH3)2]; 105.06 (C-1); 84.14 (C-2); 81.46

2916
N. Tewari et al. / Bioorg. Med. Chem. 11 (2003) 2911–2922
(C-4); 79.88 (C-3); 61.48 (NCH2Ph and OCH2CH3);
57.72(C-5); 35.71 (C-6), 3.231 (NCH 2CH2), 30.08,
0
30.04, 29.85, 29.74, 29.58, 27.78 (CH2 s); 27.22 and
26.68 [>C(CH3)2]; 23.0 (CH2CH3); 14.57 (OCH2CH3);
14.49 (CH2CH3).
described above and isolated as colourless foam. Yield
90%. [a]2D5 À25.45 (c 0.14, CHCl3); MS FAB m/z=519
(M+H)+; IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3361 (NH), 2935 (CH),
1725 (C¼O), 1661 (NC¼O); 1H NMR (CDCl3,
200 MHz) d 7.32–7.10 (m, 9H, Ar–H), 5.92 (d, J=3.8
Hz, 1H, H-1), 5.55 (m, 1H, NH), 4.63 and 4.46 (each d,
J=12.0 Hz, each 1H, OCH2Ph), 4.62(d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H,
H-2), 4.30 (m, 1H, H-4), 4.12 (m, 3H, H-5 and
OCH2CH3), 3.91 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H, H-3), 2.72 (m, 1H,
H-6A), 2.56 (d, J=5.48 Hz, 1H, H-6B), 2.0 (s, 1H, NH),
1.46 and 1.30 [each s, each 3H, C(CH3)2], 1.25 (t, J=7.2
Hz, 3H, OCH2CH3). 13C NMR (CDCl3): (peaks were
duplicated due to diastereoisomeric nature of product) d
173.0, 172.1, 171.6 (OC¼O); 155.5 (NC¼O); 138.2,
138.1, 137.3, 137.1 (Ar–C); 129.2, 129.0, 128.9, 128.5,
128.4, 128.1, 127.8, 121.3, 121.2 (Ar–CH); 112.3, 112.2
[C(CH3)2]; 105.3, 105.1 (C-1); 82.4, 82.3 (C-2); 82.1, 819
(C-4); 80.8, 80.6 (C-3); 72.5, 72.2 (OCH2Ph), 61.2, 61.1
(OCH2CH3); 47.2 (C-5); 37.3 (C-6); 27.1, 26.6,
[>C(CH3)2], 14.5 (OCH2CH3). Anal. calcd for
C26H31N2O7Cl: C, 60.23; H, 5.98; N, 5.40; Found: C,
58.89; H, 5.53; N, 5.40.
Ethyl-[(1R, 2R, 3S, 4R, 5S)-5,6-dideoxy-1,2-O-isopropy-
lidene-3-O-methyl-5-{N1-hexadecyl-N3-(4-chlorophenyl)-
1-ureidyl}-1,4-heptofuranos-5-yl-]-uronoate (21). This
was obtained by the reaction of compound 7 (1.0 g, 1.94
mmol) and 4-chloro phenyl isocyanate (0.23 mL, 1.94
mmol) as described above and isolated as colourless
foam. Yield 89%. [a]2D5 À26.4 (c 0.125, CHCl3); MS
FAB m/z=667 (M+H)+; IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3339
(NH), 2927 (CH), 1718 (C¼O), 1669 (NC¼O); 1H
NMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz) d 8.29 (s, 1H, NH), 7.36 and
7.26 (each d, J=8.8 Hz, each 2H, Ar–H), 5.86 (d, J=3.7
Hz, 1H, H-1), 4.55 (d, J=3.7 Hz, 1H, H-2), 4.21 (m,
3H, H-4 and OCH2CH3), 3.67 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H, H-3),
3.35 (m, 1H, H-5), 3.30 (s, 3H, OCH3), 2.90–2.72 (m,
4H, H-6 and NCH2), 1.59 (m, 1H, NH), 1.50 and 1.32
[each s, each 3H, C(CH3)2], 1.24 (m, 31H, CH2S and
OCH2CH3], 0.87 [t, J=6.6 Hz, 3H, (CH2)14CH3]. 13C
NMR (CDCl3): d 173.6 (OC¼O); 156.7 (NC¼O); 139.1
(Ar–C), 129.0, 127.0, 120.2 (Ar–CH); 112.2
[>C(CH3)2]; 105.3 (C-1); 84.0 (C-2); 81.5 (C-4); 79.9 (C-
3); 61.6 (OCH2CH3), 58.0 (OCH3); 53.4 (C-5), 36.2(C-
Ethyl-[(1R,2R,3S,4R, 5S)-3-O-benzyl-5,6-dideoxy-1,2-O-
isopropylidene-5-{N1-cyclopropyl-N3-(3-acetyl phenyl)-1-
ureidyl}-1,4-heptofuranos-5-yl-]-uronoate (24). This was
obtained by the reaction of compound 10 (0.50 g, 1.23
mmol) and 3-acetylphenyl isocyanate (0.16 mL, 1.23
mmol) as described above and isolated as colourless oil.
Yield 90%; [a]2D5 À35.29 (c 0.1, CHCl3); MS FAB m/z
=567 (M+H)+; IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3432(NH), 1730
0
6), 32.3 (NCH2), 30.0, 29.8, 29.7, 27.6 (CH2 S), 27.1,
26.4 [>C(CH3)2]; 23.0 (CH2CH3), 14.5 (OCH2CH3).
Anal. calcd for C36H59N2O7Cl: C, 64.86; H, 8.86; N,
4.20; Found: C, 64.25; H, 8.95; N, 4.88.
1
(C¼O), 1676 (NC¼O); H NMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz) d
Ethyl-[(1R, 2R, 3S, 4R, 5S)-5,6-dideoxy-1,2-O-isopropy-
lidene-3-O-methyl-5-(N1-oleyl-N3-benzyl)-1-ureidyl)-1,4-
heptofuranos-5-yl-]-uronoate (22). This was obtained by
the reaction of compound 8 (0.18 g, 0.33 mmol) and
benzyl isocyanate (0.44 mL, 0.33 mmol) as described
above and isolated as colourless oil. Yield 91%. [a]D25
À25.6 (c 0.18, CH3OH); MS FAB m/z=674 (M+H)+;
IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3404 (NH), 2930 (CH), 1723
7.86 (s, 1H, Ar–H), 7.77 and 7.58 (each d, J=8.0 Hz,
each 1H, Ar–H),7.56 (s, 1H, Ar–H), 7.34 (s, 5H, Ar–H);
5.91 (d, J=3.7 Hz, 1H, H-1); 4.88 (m, 1H, H-4), 4.72
and 4.44 (each d, J=11.8 Hz, each 1H, OCH2Ph), 4.66
(d, J=3.7 Hz, 1H, H-2); 4.20 (m, 1H, H-5), 4.06 (q, 2H,
OCH2CH3); 3.81 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H, H-3); 3.42(m, 1H,
cyclopropyl CH), 2.88 (m, 1H, H-6A), 2.58 (s,3H,
COCH3), 2.05 (dd, J=2.8 Hz and 15.3 Hz,1H, H-6B),
1.69 (s, 1H, NH), 1.48 and 1.31 [each s, 3H, C(CH3)2],
1.21 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H, OCH2CH3), 1.11 (m, 4H, cyclo-
propyl CH2s).13C NMR (CDCl3): d 198.5 (CH3C¼O);
172.0 (OC¼O), 156.3 (NC¼O); 140.0, 138.0, 137.3 (Ar–
C); 129.4, 128.9, 128.5, 128.4, 124.7, 123.0, 119.4 (Ar–
CH); 112.2 [>C(CH3)2]; 105.1 (C-1); 82.4 (C-2); 81.3
(C-4); 79.4 (C-3); 71.9 (OCH2Ph), 60.8 (OCH2CH3);
34.5 (C-6); 27.2, 26.8 [>C(CH3)2]; 14.5 (OCH2CH3),
9.96, 9.43 (cyclopropyl CH2). Anal. calcd for
C31H38N2O8: C, 65.72; H, 6.71; N, 4.95; Found: C,
64.62; H, 6.94; N, 5.74.
1
(C¼O), 1633 (NC¼O); H NMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz) d
7.29 (m, 5H, Ar–H), 5.86 (d, J=3.7 Hz, 1H, H-1), 5.35
(m, 2H, CH¼CH), 4.59 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H, H-2), 4.40
(m, 3H, H-4 and NCH2Ph), 4.15 (m, 3H, H-5 and
OCH2CH3), 3.59 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H, H-3), 3.37 (s, 3H,
OCH3), 3.16 (m, 2H, NCH2), 2.94 (m, 1H, H-6A), 2.45
(dd, J=4.03 Hz and 15.2HZ, 1H, H-6B), 1.99 (m, 4H,
CH2CH¼CHCH2), 1.60 (bs, 2H, NCH2CH2), 1.47 and
0
1.31 [each s, each 3H, C(CH3)2], 1.22 (m, 25H, CH2 S
and OCH2CH3), 0.87 (t, J=6.48 Hz, 3H, CH2CH3). 13
C
NMR (CDCl3) d 170.4 (OC¼O); 157.2(NC ¼O); 139.0
(Ar–C), 130.3, 128.7, 127.7, 127.2 (Ar–C); 110.7
[>C(CH3)2]; 105.0 (C-1); 84.1 (C-2); 81.5 (C-4); 79.9 (C-
3); 61.0 (NCH2Ph), 57.6 (OCH3); 44.9 (NCH2), 36.0 (C-
6), 32.9, 32.3, 30.1, 30.0, 29.9, 29.8, 29.7, 29.6, 27.6
0
(CH2 S), 27.2, 26.7 (>C(CH3)2]; 23.0 (CH2CH3), 14.5,
14.4 (OCH2CH3, CH2CH3).
Ethyl-[(1R, 2R, 3S, 4R, 5S)-3-O-benzyl-5,6-dideoxy-1,2-
O-isopropylidene-5-{N1-cyclopropyl-N3-(4-chloro phenyl)-
1-ureidyl}-1,4-heptofuranos-5-yl-]-uronoate (25). This
was obtained by the reaction of compound 10 (0.80 g,
1.97 mmol) and 4-chloro phenyl isocyanate (0.24 mL,
1.97 mmol) as described above and isolated as colour-
less oil. Yield 85%; [a]2D5 À35.64 (c 0.41, CHCl3); MS
FAB m/z=459 (M+H)+; IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3436
(NH), 2935 (CH), 1730 (C¼O), 1672(NC ¼O); 1H
NMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz) d 7.42–7.19 (m, 9H, Ar–H);
5.90 (d, J=3.78 Hz, 1H, H-1); 4.91 (m, 1H, H-4), 4.76
Ethyl-[(1R, 2R, 3S, 4R, 5R/S)-3-O-benzyl-5,6-dideoxy-
1,2-O-isopropylidene-5-{N3-(4-chloro phenyl)-1-ureidyl}-
1,4-heptofuranos-5-yl-]-uronoate (23). This was obtained
by the reaction of compound 9 (1.0 g, 2.73 mmol) and 4-
chloro phenyl isocyanate (0.33 mL, 2.73 mmol) as

N. Tewari et al. / Bioorg. Med. Chem. 11 (2003) 2911–2922
2917
and 4.43 (each d, J=11.8 Hz, each 1H, OCH2Ph), 4.65
(d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H, H-2); 4.20 (m, 1H, H-5), 4.08 (q, 2H,
OCH2CH3); 3.80 (d, J=3.0 Hz,1H, H-3); 3.40 (m. 1H,
H-6A), 2.80 (m, 1H, cyclopropyl CH), 1.08 (dd, J=3.2
Hz and 15.6 Hz, 1H, H-6B), 1.57 (each s, 1H, NH),1.46
and 1.30 [each s, 3H, C(CH3)2], 1.20 (t, J=7.2Hz,
128.2, 121.3, 121. 115.3, 114.9 (Ar–CH); 111.8
[>C(CH3)2]; 105.1 (C-1); 81.7 (C-2); 80.7 (C-4); 79.2 (C-
3); 71.4 (OCH2Ph); 61.0 (OCH2CH3); 34.6 (NCH2); 31.2
(C-6); 27.1, 26.6 [>C(CH3)2]; 20.5 (CH2CH3), 14.1,13.8
(OCH2CH3, CH2CH3). Anal. calcd for C30H39N2O7F:
C, 64.5; H, 6.98; N, 5.0; Found: C, 64.48; H, 7.0; N,
4.96.
3H,OCH2CH3), 0.87 (m, 4H, cyclopropyl CH2 s). 13C
0
NMR (CDCl3): d 172.0 (OC¼O); 156.2(NC ¼O); 138.1,
137.3 (Ar–C); 129.1, 128.9, 128.5, 128.4, 127.9, 121.2
(Ar–CH); 112.3, 109.9 [>C(CH3)2]; 105.1 (C-1); 82.4
(C-2); 81.4 (C-4); 79.4 (C-3); 71.9 (OCH2Ph), 60.8
(OCH2CH3); 57.8 (C-5), 34.5 (C-6); 27.3, 26.9
[>C(CH3)2]; 14.5 (OCH2CH3), 9.96, 9.43 (cyclopropyl
CH2). Anal. calcd for C31H38N2O8: C, 62.36; H, 6.27;
N, 5.02; Found: C, 62.95; H, 6.26; N, 4.98.
Ethyl-[(1R, 2R, 3S, 4R, 5S)-3-O-benzyl-5,6-dideoxy-1,2-
O-isopropylidene-5-{N1-dodecyl-N3-(3-acetylphenyl)-1-
ureidyl}-1,4-heptofuranos-5-yl-]-uronoate (28). This was
obtained by the reaction of compound 12 (1.0 g, 1.87
mmol) and 3-acetylphenyl isocyanate (0.25 mL, 1.87
mmol) as described above and isolated as colourless oil.
Yield 90%; [a]2D5 À13 (c 0.12, CHCl3); MS FAB m/z
=695 (M+H)+; IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3355 (NH), 2927
1
Ethyl-[(1R, 2R, 3S, 4R, 5S)-3-O-benzyl-5,6-dideoxy-1,2-
O-isopropylidene-5-(N1-cyclopropyl-N3-benzyl)-(1-ureidyl)-
1,4-heptofuranos-5-yl-]-uronoate (26). This was obtained
by the reaction of compound 10 (0.50 g, 1.23 mmol) and
benzyl isocyanate (0.15 mL, 1.23 mmol) as described
above and isolated as colourless oil. Yield 92%; [a]D25
À42.86 (c 0.17, CHCl3); MS FAB m/z=539 (M+H)+;
IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3459 (NH), 2935 (CH), 1729
(CH), 1726 (C¼O), 1671 (NC¼O); H NMR (CDCl3,
200 MHz) d 7.87 (s, 1H, Ar–HA), 7.55 (m, 3H, Ar–HB, –
HC and –HD),); 7.35 (m, 5H, Ar–H), 5. 94 (d, J=3.6
Hz, 1H, H-1); 4.74 and 4.41 (each d, J=11.9 Hz, each
1H, OCH2Ph), 4.68 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H, H-2), 4.58 (m,
1H, H-4), 4.35 (m, 1H, H-5), 4.15 (q, 2H, OCH2CH3),
3.79 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H, H-3); 3.23 (m, 2H, NCH2),
2.58 (s, 3H, COCH3); 2.08–1.89 (m, 2H, H-6), 1.62 (m,
2H, NCH2CH2), 1.48 and 1.32[each s, 3H, C(C H3)2],
1.24 (m, 21H, CH2S and OCH2CH3), 0.87 [t, J=6.8 Hz,
3H, CH2CH3]. 13C NMR (CDCl3): d 198.7 (COCH3),
171.8 (OC¼O); 156.8, (NC¼O); 140.8, 138.0, 136.9 Ar–
C); 129.2, 129.0, 128.7 (Ar–CH); 112.2 [>C(CH3)2];
105.1 (C-1); 82.1 (C-2); 80.9 (C-4); 79.5 (C-3); 71.8
(OCH2Ph); 61.5 (OCH2CH3); 34.8 (C-6); 32.9 (NCH2);
30.0, 29.8, 29.7, 29.4, 27.7 (CH2s), 27.2 (COCH3), 27.1,
26.6 [>C(CH3)2]; 23.0 (CH2CH3), 14.5, 14.4
(OCH2CH3, CH2CH3). Anal. calcd for C40H58N2O8: C,
69.16; H, 8.35; N, 4.03; Found: C, 69.19; H, 8.37; N,
4.07.
1
(C¼O), 1653 (NC¼O); H NMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz) d
7.34–7.21 (m, 10H, Ar–H); 5.91 (d, J=3.7 Hz, 1H, H-
1); 4.93 (dd, J=9.6 Hz and 2.6 Hz, 1H, H-4), 4.68 and
4.47 (each d, J=11.9 Hz, each 1H, OCH2Ph), 4.64 (d,
J=3.8 Hz, 1H, H-2); 4 44 (m, 2H, NCH2Ph), 4.13 (q,
2H, OCH2CH3); 4.04 (m, 1H, H-5), 3.79 (d, J=3.0 Hz,
1H, H-3); 3.34 (m, 1H, diastereomeric H-6A), 2.68 (m.
1H, cyclopropyl CH), 2.08 (dd, J=3.4 Hz and 15.0 Hz,
1H, H-6B), 1.60 (s, 1H, NH), 1.47 and 1.30 [each s, 3H,
C(CH3)2], 1.25 (t, J=7.2Hz, 3H,OCH CH3), 0.88 (m,
2
4H, cyclopropyl CH2s). 13C NMR (CDCl3): d 173.0,
172.2 (OC¼O); 159.3 (NC¼O); 140.4 (Ar–C); 137.8,
137.5 (Ar–C), 128.9, 128.8, 128.7,128.4, 128.3, 127.7,
127.6, 127.2 (Ar–CH); 112.2 [>C(CH3)2]; 105.0 (C-1);
82.7 (C-2); 81.5 (C-4); 79.7 (C-3); 71.9 (OCH2Ph), 57.8
(OCH2CH3); 44.8 (NCH2Ph), 36.6, 35.1 (C-6); 27.3,
26.9 [>C(CH3)2]; 14.6 (OCH2CH3), 10.0, 9.3 (cyclo-
propyl CH2). Anal. calcd for C30H38N2O8: C, 66.91; H,
7.06; N, 5.20; Found: C, 66.96; H, 6.98; N, 5.14.
Ethyl-[(1R, 2R, 3S, 4R, 5S)-3-O-benzyl-5,6-dideoxy-1,2-
O-isopropylidene-5-{N1-dodecyl-N3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-
ureidyl}-1,4-heptofuranos-5-yl-]-uronoate (29). This was
obtained by the reaction of compound 12 (0.60 g, 1.12
mmol) and 4-fluoro phenyl isocyanate (0.12mL, 1.12
mmol) as described above and isolated as colourless
foam. Yield 95%; [a]2D5 À20.9 (c 0.13, CH3OH); MS
FAB m/z=671 (M+H)+; IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3387
(NH), 2925 (CH), 1732 (C¼O), 1647 (NC¼O); 1H
NMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz) d 7.28 (m, 5H, Ar–H); 6.94
(m, 4H, Ar–H), 5.93 (d, J=3.5 Hz, 1H, H-1); 4.73 and
4.40 (each d, J=11.9 Hz, each 1H, OCH2Ph), 4.66 (d,
J=3.5 Hz, 1H, H-2), 4.57 (m, 1H, H-4), 4.31 (m, 1H, H-
5), 4.14 (q, 2H, OCH2CH3), 3.79 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H, H-
3); 3.15 (m, 2H, NCH2), 2.63 (m, 1H, H-6A); 2.04 (dd,
J=2.1 Hz, 16.4 Hz, 1H, H-6B), 1.57 (m, 2H,
NCH2CH2), 1.47 and 1.32[each s, 3H, C(C H3)2], 1.25
(m, 21H, CH2S and OCH2CH3), 0.85 [t, J=6.8 Hz, 3H,
CH2CH3]. 13C NMR (CDCl3): d 171.9 (OC¼O);
156.6, (NC¼O); 139.0, 136.9 (Ar–C); 129.0, 128.9,
128.7, 128.6, 127.2, 121.0 (Ar–CH); 112.2 [>C(CH3)2];
105.1 (C-1); 82.1 (C-2); 81.1(C-4); 79.5 (C-3); 71.8
(OCH2Ph); 61.5 (OCH2CH3); 34.9 (NCH2); 32.3 (C-6);
30.0, 29.8, 29.7, 29.5, 27.7 (CH2s), 27.1, 26.6
[>C(CH3)2]; 23.0 (CH2CH3), 14.5, 14.4 (OCH2CH3,
CH2CH3).
Ethyl-[(1R, 2R, 3S, 4R, 5S)-3-O-benzyl-5,6-dideoxy-1,2-
O-isopropylidene-5-{N1-butyl-N3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-urei-
dyl}-1,4-heptofuranos-5-yl-]-uronoate (27). This was
obtained by the reaction of compound 11 (2.26 g, 5.36
mmol) and 4-fluoro phenyl isocyanate (1.61 mL, 5.36
mmol) as described above and isolated as colourless
foam. Yield 85%; [a]2D5 À15.3 (c 0.13, CH3OH); MS
FAB m/z=559 (M+H)+; IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3301
(NH), 2929 (CH), 1713 (C¼O), 1668 (NC¼O); 1H
NMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz) d 8.20 (s, 1H, NH), 7.19 (m,
7H, Ar–H); 6.85 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H, Ar–H), 5.90 (d,
J=3.5 Hz, 1H, H-1); 4.56 (m, 4H, H-2, H-4, OCH2Ph),
4.18 (m, 3H, H-5, OCH2CH3); 3.95 (d, J=3.5 Hz, 1H,
H-3); 3.48 (m, 2H, NCH2), 2.97 (m, 3H, NCH2CH2 and
H-6A); 2.73 (m, 1H, H-6B), 1.62(s, 1H, NH), 1.49 and
1.32[each s, 3H, C(C H3)2], 1.22 (m, 5H,
NCH2CH2CH2, OCH2CH3), 0.89 [t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H,
(CH2)3CH3].13C NMR (CDCl3): d 171.5 (OC¼O);
160.8, 156.6, 156.0 (NC¼O); 135.9 (Ar–C); 128.6, 128.3,

2918
N. Tewari et al. / Bioorg. Med. Chem. 11 (2003) 2911–2922
Ethyl-[(1R, 2R, 3S, 4R, 5S)-3-O-benzyl-5,6-dideoxy-1,2-
O-isopropylidene-5-{N1-dodecyl-N3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-
ureidyl}-1,4-heptofuranos-5-yl-]-uronoate (30). This was
obtained by the reaction of compound 12 (1.20 g, 2.25
mmol) and 4-chloro phenyl isocyanate (0.27 mL, 2.25
mmol) as described above and isolated as colourless oil.
Yield 90%; [a]2D5 À44 (c 0.11, CHCl3); MS FAB m/z
=688 (M+H)+; IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3378 (NH),
2929 (CH), 1718 (C¼O), 1631 (NC¼O); 1H NMR
(CDCl3, 200 MHz) d 7.25 (m, 9H, Ar–H); 5.92 (d,
J=3.7 Hz, 1H, H-1); 4.73 and 4.41 (each d, J=11.9
Hz, each 1H, OCH2Ph), 4.66 (d, J=3.7 Hz, 1H, H-2),
4,52 (m, 1H, H-4), 4.25 (m, 1H, H-5), 4.13(q, 2H,
OCH2CH3), 3.79 (d, J=2. 5 Hz, 1H, H-3); 3.17 (m,
2H, NCH2), 2.64 (m, 1H, H-6A); 2.05 (dd, J=2.1 Hz,
16.0 Hz, 1H, H-6B), 1.69 (m, 2H, NCH2CH2), 1.47 and
cmÀ1 3390 (NH), 2926 (CH), 1732 (C¼O), 1647
1
(NC¼O); H NMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz) d 7.3 (m, 10H,
Ar–HA), 5..88 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H, H-1); 5.34 (m, 2H,
CH¼CH), 5.1 (bs, 1H, NH), 4.69 and 4.42(each d,
J=11.8 Hz, each 1H, OCH2Ph), 4.65 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H,
H-2), 4.38 (m, 4H, NCH2Ph, H-4 and H-5), 4.04 (q, 2H,
OCH2CH3), 3.78 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H, H-3); 3.14 (m, 2H,
NCH2), 2.76 (m, 1H, H-6A), 2.10 (m, 5H, H-6B, and
allylic CH2); 1.60 (m, 2H, NCH2CH2), 1.47 and 1.31
[each s, 3H, C(CH3)2], 1.25 (m, 21H, CH2S and
OCH2CH3)), 0.87 [t, J=5.9 Hz, 3H,CH2CH3].13C
NMR (CDCl3): d 171.6 (OC¼O); 158.8 (NC¼O); 140.5,
137.2 (Ar–C); 130.7, 130.3, 130.2, 128.9, 128.7, 128.5,
128.4, 127.6, 127.1 (Ar–CH); 112.1 [>C(CH3)2]; 105.0
(C-1); 82.2 (C-2); 81.4 (C-4); 79.7 (C-3); 71.8 (OCH2Ph);
61.0 (OCH2CH3); 44.9 (NCH2Ph), 35.3 (NCH2), 30.1
(C-6); 30.0, 29.9, 29.8, 29.6, 27.7, 27.6 (CH2s), 27.2,
26.8 [>C(CH3)2]; 23.0 (CH2CH3), 14.5, 14.4
(OCH2CH3, CH2CH3). Anal. calcd for C35H68N2O7: C,
72.10; H, 9.0; N, 3.7; Found: C, 72.13; H, 9.04; N,
3.74.
1.32[each s, 3H, C(CH ) ], 1.23–1.16 (m, 21H, CH2S
3 2
and OCH2CH3), 0.87 [t, J=6.0 Hz, 3H,CH2CH3]. 13C
NMR (CDCl3): d 171.9 (OC¼O); 156.6, (NC¼O);
139.0, 136.9 (Ar–C); 129.0, 128.9, 128.7, 128.6, 127.2,
121.0 (Ar–CH); 112.2 [>C(CH3)2]; 105.1 (C-1); 82.1 (C-
2); 81.1 (C-4); 79.5 (C-3); 71.8 (OCH2Ph); 61.5
(OCH2CH3); 34.9 (NCH2); 32.3 (C-6); 30.0, 29.8, 29.7,
29.5, 27.7 (CH2s), 27.1, 26.6 [>C(CH3)2]; 23.0
(CH2CH3), 14.5, 14.4 (OCH2CH3, CH2CH3). Anal.
calcd for C38H55N2O7Cl: C, 66.47; H, 8.01; N, 4.08;
Found: C, 66.5; H, 8.03; N, 4.10.
(10R,20R,30S,40R,6S)-N1-cyclopropyl-N3-(4-chlorophenyl)-
5,6-dihydro-(10,20-O-isopropyledene-30-O-methyl-10,20,30,40-
tetrahydrofuranos-40-yl)-pyrimidin-2, 4-dione (33).
A
solution of above compound 15 (1.0 g, 2.07 mmol), 4 A
MS (0.020 g), TBAB (0.010 g) and DBU (0.31 mL, 2.07
mmol) in anhydrous toluene (15 mL) was refluxed for
2.5 h. Solvent evaporated and the residue obtained was
chromatographed over SiO2 column using a gradient of
hexane–ethylacetate (3:1), to give the compound as col-
ourless oil. Yield 88%. [a]2D5 À86.6 (c 0.45, CHCl3), MS
FAB m/z=437 (M+H)+; IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3380
(NH), 3010, 2935 (CH), 1670 (NC¼O); 1H NMR
(CDCl3, 200 MHz) d 7.40 and 7.05 (each d, each J=8.8
Hz, each 2H, Ar–H), 5.94 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H, H-10), 4.62
(d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H, H-20), 4.40 (dd, J=9.6 Hz and 3.0
Hz, 1H, H-40), 3.96 (m, 1H, H-6), 3.72(d, J=3.0 Hz,
Ethyl-[(1R, 2R, 3S, 4R, 5S)-3-O-benzyl-5, 6-dideoxy-
1,2-O-isopropylidene-5-(N1-dodecyl-N3-benzyl-1-ureidyl)-
1,4-heptofuranos-5-yl-]-uronoate (31). This was obtained
by the reaction of compound 12 (0.80 g, 1.50 mmol) and
benzyl isocyanate (0.18 mL, 1.50 mmol) as described
above and isolated as colourless oil. Yield 88%; [a]D25
À20.0 (c 0.5, CH3OH); MS FAB m/z=667 (M+H)+;
IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3387(NH), 2925 (CH), 1732
1
(C¼O), 1647 (NC¼O); H NMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz) d
7.25 (m, 9H, Ar–H); 5.88 (d, J=3.7 Hz, 1H, H-1); 5.03
(bs, 1H, NH), 4.69 and 4.42(each d, J=11.8 Hz, each
1H, OCH2Ph), 4.63 (d, J=3.7 Hz, 1H, H-2), 4.42 (m,
4H, H-4, H-5, NCH2 Ph); 4.06 (q, 2H, OCH2CH3), 3.78
(d, J=3.7 Hz, 1H, H-3); 3.14 (m, 2H, NCH2), 2.80 (m,
1H, H-6A); 2.07 (dd, J=2.0 Hz and 17.4 Hz, 1H, H-6B),
1.84 (m, 2H, NCH2CH2), 1.47 and 1.31 [each s, 3H,
C(CH3)2], 1.25–1.16 (m, 21H,CH2S and OCH2CH3),
0.87 [t, J=6.0 Hz, 3H,CH2CH3].13C NMR (CDCl3): d
171.6 (OC¼O); 156.8, (NC¼O); 140.5, 137.2(Ar–C);
128.9, 1287, 128.5, 128.4, 127.6, 127.1 (Ar–CH); 112.0
[>C(CH3)2]; 105.0 (C-1); 82.2 (C-2); 81.4 (C-4); 79.7 (C-
3); 71.8 (OCH2Ph); 61.0 (OCH2CH3); 44.9 (NCH2Ph),
35.3 (NCH2); 32.3 (C-6); 30.0, 29.8, 29.7, 29.6, 27.7
(CH2s), 27.2, 26.8 [>C(CH3)2]; 23.0 (CH2CH3), 14.55,
14.50 (OCH2CH3, CH2CH3). Anal. calcd for
C39H58N2O7: C, 70.20; H, 8.70; N, 4.20; Found: C,
70.24; H, 8.73; N, 4.22.
1H, H-30), 3.42(s, 3H, OCH ), 3.01 (m, 1H, CH-cyclo-
3
propyl ring), 2.92 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H, H-5A), 2.63 (d,
J=17.8 Hz, 1H, H-5B), 1.47 and 1.33 [each s, each 3H,
C(CH3)2)]; 0.93–0.79 (m, 4H, CH2- cyclopropyl ring).
13C NMR (CDCl3): d 168.7 and 153.7 (C¼O), 134.6,
134.2, 130.4 and 129.6 (Ar–C), 112.3 [C (CH3)2)], 105.6
(C-10), 84.3 (C-20), 81.0 (C-40), 80.7 (C-30), 57.8 (OCH3),
53.2 (C-6), 35.4 (C-5), 32.1 (CH-cyclopropyl ring), 27.2
and 26.53 [C(CH3)2)], 10.1 and 7.0 (CH2-cyclopropyl
ring). Anal. calcd for C23H31N2O7Cl: C, 57.27; H, 6.43;
N, 5.81; Found: C, 57.27; H, 6.63; N, 5.72.
(10R,20R,30S,40R,6S)-N1-cyclopropyl-N3-benzyl-5,6-dihy-
dro-(10,20-O-isopropyledene-30-O-methyl-10,20,30,40-tetra-
hydrofuranos-40-yl)-pyrimidin-2,4-dione (34). This was
obtained by refluxing a solution of 16 (1.2g, .260
mmol), 4 A MS (0.02g), TBAB (0.012g) and DBU (0.40
mL, 2.60 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (15 mL) as
described above and isolated as colourless oil. Yield
75%. [a]2D5 À78.15 (c 0.39, CHCl3), MS FAB m/z
=417(M+H)+; IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3375 (NH), 3019,
2935 (CH), 1671 (NC¼O); 1H NMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz)
d 7.40–7.25 (m, 5H, Ar–H), 5.87 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H, H-
10), 4.53 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H, H-20), 4.09 (dd, J=9.6 Hz
and 3.0 Hz, 1H, H-40), 3.82(m, 1H, H-6), 3.62(d,
Ethyl-[(1R, 2R, 3S, 4R, 5S)-3-O-benzyl-5,6-dideoxy-1,2-
O-isopropylidene-5-(N1-oleyl-N3-benzyl-1-ureidyl)-1,4-
heptofuranos-5-yl-]-uronoate (32). This was obtained by
the reaction of 13 (0.42g, 0.68 mmol) and benzyl isocy-
anate (0.08 mL, 0.68 mmol) as described above and
isolated as colourless oil. Yield 91%; [a]2D5 À4.0 (c 0.15,
CH3OH); MS FAB m/z=749 (M+H)+; IR (neat): nmax

N. Tewari et al. / Bioorg. Med. Chem. 11 (2003) 2911–2922
2919
J=3.0 Hz, 1H, H-30), 3.36 (s, 3H, OCH3), 2.97 (m, 1H,
CH-cyclopropyl ring), 2.74 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H, H-5A),
2.49 (d, J=17.8 Hz, 1H, H-5B), 1.25 and 1.21 [each s,
each 3H, C(CH3)2)]; 0.93–0.50 (m, 4H, CH2-cyclopropyl
ring). 13C NMR (CDCl3): d 168.6 and 154.0 (C¼O),
138.2, 129.2, 128.8, 127.7 (Ar–C), 112.2 [C(CH3)2)],
105.5 (C-10), 84.3 (C-20), 81.0 (C-40), 80.8 (C-30), 57.7
(OCH3), 53.1 (C-6), 43.9 (NCH2), 34.8 (C-5), 31.9 (CH-
cyclopropyl ring), 27.1 and 26.5 [C(CH3)2)], 10.3 and 6.9
(CH2-cyclopropyl ring). Anal. calcd for C21H25N2O6Cl:
C, 57.80; H, 5.73; N, 6.42; Found: C, 56.96; H, 5.68; N,
6.35.
(10R,20R,30S,40R,6S)-N1-dodecyl-N3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,6-
dihydro-(10,20 -O-isopropyledene-30 -O-methyl-10,20,30,40-
tetrahydrofuranos-40-yl)-pyrimidin-2,4-dione (37). This
was obtained by refluxing a solution of 19 (0.40 g, 0.65
mmol), 4 A MS (0.020 g), TBAB (0.009 g) and DBU
(0.10 mL, 0.65 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (15 mL) as
described above and isolated as colourless oil. Yield
80%. [a]2D5 À15 (c 0.08, CH3OH), MS FAB m/z=565
(M+H)+; IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3389 (NH), 2927 (CH),
1722 (C¼O);1682( NC¼ON). 1H NMR (CDCl3,
200 MHz) d 7.36 (m, 5H, Ar–H), 5.92(d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H,
H-10), 4.62(d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H, H-20); 4.40 (dd, J=9.5 Hz
and 3.2Hz, 1H, H-4 0); 3.9 (m, 2H, NCHA, H-6), 3.72(d,
(10R,20R,30S,40R,6S)-N1-butyl-N3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5,6-di-
hydro-(10,20-O-isopropyledene-30-O-methyl-10,20,30,40-tetra-
hydrofuranos-40-yl)-pyrimidin-2,4-dione (35). This was
obtained by refluxing a solution of 17 (1.0 g, 2.07
mmol), 4 A MS (0.020 g), TBAB (0.008 g) and DBU
(0.32mL, 2.07 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (15 mL) as
described above and isolated as colourless oil. Yield
85%. [a]2D5 À13.0 (c 0.09, CH3OH); MS FAB m/z=437
(M+H)+; IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3400 (NH), 2938 (CH),
1721 (C¼O), 1677 (NC¼O); 1H NMR (CDCl3,
200 MHz) d 7.10 (m, 4H, Ar–H); 5.93 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H,
H-10); 4.61 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H, H-20), 4.36 (dd, J=3.1 Hz
and 9.4 Hz, 1H, H-40), 3.97 (m, 1H, NCHA), 3.85 (m,
J=3.0 Hz, H-30); 3.42(OCH ), 3.20 (m, 1H, NCHB),
3
3.13 (dd, J=16.6 Hz and 6.6 Hz, 1H, H-5A), 2.35 (d,
J=16.6 Hz, 1H, H-5B), 1.63 (m, 4H, NCH2CH2CH2),
1.47 and 1.32[each s, each 3H, C(C H3)2)]; 1.25 (s, 16H,
CH2S),0.92(t, J=6.4 Hz, 3H, CH2CH3). 13C NMR
(CDCl3): d 168.6 (C¼O), 152.1 (NC¼ON), 134.3, 130.4,
129.6 (Ar–C), 112.3 [C(CH3)2)], 105.4 (C-10), 84.1 (C-20),
81.7 (C-40), 80.9 (C-30), 57.8 (OCH3), 51.3 (C-6), 51.3
(C-6), 49.6 (NCH2), 35.1 (C-5), 32.3, 30.0, 29.7, 28.5,
0
(CH2 S), 27.1, 26.5 [C(CH3)2], 23.0 (CH2CH3), 14.4
(CH3). Anal. calcd for C30H45N2O6Cl: C, 67.3; H, 7.6;
N, 4.3; Found: C, 67.74; H, 7.10; N, 4.36.
0
1H, H-6), 3.71 (d, J=3.2Hz, 1H, H-3 ), 3.42(s, 3H,
(10R,20R,30S,40R,6S)-N1-hexadecyl-N3-phenyl-5,6-dihy-
dro-(10,20-O-isopropyledene-30-O-methyl-10,20,30,40-tetra-
hydrofuranos-40-yl)-pyrimidin-2,4-dione (38). This was
obtained by refluxing a solution of 20 (0.85 g, 1.34
mmol), 4 A MS (0.022 g), TBAB (0.008 g) and DBU
(0.20 mL, 1.34 mmol) in dry toluene (15 mL) as descri-
bed above and isolated as colourless oil. Yield 82%.
[a]2D5 À29.7 (c 0.17, CHCl3), MS FAB m/z=587
(M+H)+; IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3433 (NH), 2926, 2854
OCH3), 3.22 (m, 1H, NCHB), 2.8 (m, 1H, H-5A), 2.68
(m, 1H, H-5B), 1.64 (m, 4H, CH2CH2), 1.32and 1.28
[each s, 3H, C(CH3)2], 0.93 (t, 3H, CH2CH3).13C
NMR (CDCl3): d 172.0 (CO), 166.1 (NC¼O); 131.6,
130.8 (Ar–C); 116.5, 116.0, 115.5 (Ar–CH); 112.2,
111.8 [>C(CH3)2]; 105.4, 105.0 (C-10); 84.0 (C-20);
82.5 (C-40); 81.5 (C-30); 60.7, 59.3 (NCH2), 54.8
(OCH3),49.2, 49.1, 47.5,38.3, 37.6, 36.7, 35.1
(CH2CH2), 32.6, 30.5 (C-6); 29.3, 27.1 [>C(CH3)2];
1
(CH), 1723, 1683 (C¼O); H NMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz)
14.5, 14.2(CH CH3).
2
d 7.39–7.15 (m, 5H, Ar–H), 5.92(d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H, H-
10), 4.60 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H, H-20); 4.41 (dd, J=9.4 Hz
and 3.0 Hz, 1H, H-40); 3.97 (m, 1H, NCHA), 3.85 (m,
1H, H-6), 3.7 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H, H-30); 3.42(s, 3H,
OCH3), 3.18 (m, 1H, NCHB); 3.06 (dd, J=16.7 and 6.5
Hz, 1H, H-5A), 2.64 (d, J=17.0 Hz, 1H, H-5B);1.60 (m,
2H, NCH2CH2), 1.48 and 1.32[each s, each 3H,
(10R,20R,30S,40R,6S)-N1-heptyl-N3-benzyl-5,6-dihydro-
(10,20-O-isopropyledene-30-O-methyl-10,20,30,40-tetrahydro-
furanos-40-yl)-pyrimidin-2,4-dione (36). This
was
obtained by refluxing a solution of 18 (0.50 g, 0.96
mmol), 4 A MS (0.020 g), TBAB (0.012 g) and DBU
(0.14 mL, 0.96 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (15 mL) as
described above and isolated as colourless oil. Yield
85%. [a]2D5 À27.6 (c 0.13,CH3OH); MS FAB m/z=437
(M+H)+; IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3436 (NH), 2930 (CH),
1711 (C¼O), 1667 (NC¼O); 1H NMR (CDCl3,
200 MHz) d 7.28 (m, 5H, Ar–H); 5.84 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H,
H-10); 4.97 (s, 2H, NCH2Ph), 4.53 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H, H-
0
C(CH3)2)]; 1.25 (m, 26H, CH2 S), 0.87 (t, J=6.7 Hz,
3H, CH2CH3). 13C NMR (CDCl3): d 168.7, 152.8
(C¼O), 135.9, 129.5, 129.0, 128.6 (Ar–C), 112.3
[C(CH3)2)], 105.5 (C-10), 84.2(C-2 0), 81.1 (C-40), 80.9 (C-
30), 57.8 (OCH3), 51.5 (C-6), 49.5 (NCH2), 35.2(C-5),
0
32.3, 30.1, 29.9, 29.7, 28.5, 27.9, 23.1 (CH2 S), 27.2 and
26.3 [C(CH3)2)], 14.5 (CH3). Anal. calcd for C34H54N2O6:
C, 69.6; H, 9.2; N, 4.7; Found: C, 69.58; H, 9.24; N, 4.73.
0
20), 4.00 (dd, J=3.2Hz and 7.8 Hz, 1H, H-4 ), 3.93 (m,
1H, NCHA), 3.72(m, 1H, H-6), 3.64 (d, J=3.2Hz, 1H,
H-30), 3.37 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.09 (m, 1H, NCHB), 2.84
(dd, J=6.7 Hz and 16.8 Hz,1H, H-5A), 2.50 (d, J=16.8
Hz, 1H, H-5B), 1.55 (m, 4H, NCH2CH2CH2), 1.25
(10R,20R,30S,40R,6S)-N1 -oleyl-N3 -benzyl-5,6-dihydro-
(10,20 -O-isopropyledene-30 -O-methyl-10,20,30,40 -tetrahy-
drofuranos-40-yl)-pyrimidin-2,4-dione (39). This was
obtained by refluxing a solution of 22 (0.95 g, 1.41
mmol), 4 A MS (0.020 g), TBAB (0.012 g) and DBU
(0.21 mL, 1.41 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (15 mL) as
described above and isolated as colourless oil. Yield
88%; [a]2D5 À28.8 (c 0.12, CHCl3), MS FAB m/z=627
(M+H)+; IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3372 (NH), 2928 (CH),
1710 (C¼O);1669 (NC¼ON). 1H NMR (CDCl3,
200 MHz) d 7.34 (m, 5H, Ar–H), 5.84 (d, J=3.7 Hz, 1H,
0
[m, 12H, C(CH3)2 and CH2 s], 0.87 (t, J=5.0 Hz,
3H, CH2CH3). 13C NMR (CDCl3): d 168.6 (C¼O),
152.6 (NC¼O); 138.2, 128.8, 127.6 (Ar–C); 112.3
[>C(CH3)2]; 105.4 (C-10); 84.1 (C-20); 81.1 (C-40);
80.9 (C-30); 57.8 (OCH3), 51.1 (C-6), 49.4 (NCH2Ph),
43.9 (NCH2CH2), 34.6 (C-5), 32.1, 29.4, 28.6, 27.2
(CH2S), 27.0, 26.5 [>C(CH3)2], 22.9 (CH2CH3),
14.4(CH2CH3)].

2920
N. Tewari et al. / Bioorg. Med. Chem. 11 (2003) 2911–2922
H-10), 5.36 (m, 2H, CH¼CH), 4.97 (s, 2H, NCH2Ph),
4.53 (d, J=3.7 Hz, 1H, H-20), 4.03 (m, 2H, H-40,
NCHA), 3.80 (m, 1H, H-6); 3.64 (d, J=3.1 Hz, H-30);
3.37 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.1 (m, 1H, NCHB), 2.90 (dd,
J=6.0 Hz and 17.0 Hz, 1H, H-5A), 2.55 (d, J=17.0 Hz,
1H, H-5B), 2.02 (m, 4H, allylic CH2S), 1.65 (m, 4H,
(C-5), 32.2 (CH-cyclopropyl ring), 27.2, 26.9 and 26.6
[OCCH3 and C(CH3)2)], 10.0 and 7.1 (CH2-cyclopropyl
ring). Anal. calcd for C29H32N2O7: C, 68.55; H, 6.91; N,
4.26; Found: C, 67.95; H, 6.51; N, 4.10.
(10R,20R,30S,40R,6S)-N1-cyclopropyl-N3-(4-chlorophenyl)-
5,6-dihydro-(10,20-O-isopropyledene-30-O-benzyl-10,20,30,40-
tetrahydrofuranos-40-yl)-pyrimidin- 2, 4-dione (42). This
was obtained by refluxing a solution of 25 (0.75 g, 1.34
mmol), 4 A MS (0.025 g), TBAB (0.006 g) and DBU
(0.20 mL, 1.34 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (10 mL) as
described above and isolated as colourless oil. Yield
82%. [a]2D5 À32.48 (c 0.42, CHCl3), MS FAB m/z=513
(M+H)+; IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3397 (NH), 3016, 2932
(CH), 1696 (C¼O); 1H NMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz) d
7.39–7.29 (m, 7H, Ar–H), 7.03 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H, Ar–H
), 5.97 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H, H-10), 4.73 and 4.44 (each d,
J=11.7 Hz, each 1H, OCH2Ph), 4.67 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H,
H-20), 4.40 (dd, J=9.6 Hz and 3.1 Hz, 1H, H-40), 4.0 (m,
1H, H-6), 3.92(d, J=3.1 Hz, 1H, H-30), 3.02(m, 1H,
CH-cyclopropyl ring), 2.80 (dd, J=17.1 Hz and 6.4 Hz,
1H, H-5A), 2.34 (d, J=17.1 Hz, 1H, H-5B), 1.46 and
1.32[each s, each 3H, C(C H3)2)]; 0.94–0.77 (m, 4H,
CH2-cyclopropyl ring). 13C NMR (CDCl3): d 168.5 and
153.7 (C¼O), 136.9, 134.5, 130.4, 129.6, 129.2, 128.9,
128.5 (Ar–C), 112.3 [C(CH3)2)], 105.6 (C-10), 81.9 (C-20),
81.8 (C-40), 80.8 (C-30), 72.3 (OCH2Ph), 53.0 (C-6), 35.2
(C-5), 32.2 (CH-cyclopropyl ring), 27.2 and 26.6
[C(CH3)2)], 10.3 and 7.0 (CH2-cyclopropyl ring). Anal.
calcd for C27H29N2O6Cl: C, 63.28; H, 5.66; N, 5.47;
Found: C, 64.02; H, 5.69; N, 5.24.
0
CH2 s), 1.41 [m, 26, C(CH3)2 and CH2S], 0.88 (t, J=7.0
Hz, 3H, CH2CH3). 13C NMR (CDCl3): d 168.6 (C¼O),
152.6 (NC¼ON), 138.2, 130.3, 128.9, 128.8, 127.6 (Ar–
C), 112.3 [C(CH3)2)], 105.4 (C-10), 84, 1 (C-20), 81.1 (C-
40), 80.9 (C-30), 71.9 (OCH2Ph), 59.5 (NCH2Ph), 57.7
(OCH3), 51.9 (C-6), 49.4 (NCH2), 34.6 (C-5), 32.9, 30.8,
30.0, 29.8, 29.7, 29.6, 28.6, 27.6, 27.2 (CH2S), 27.1, 26.5
[C(CH3)2)], 23.0 (CH2CH3), 14.0 (CH2CH3). Anal.
calcd for C37H58N2O6: C, 70.9; H, 9.2; N, 4.4; Found:
C, 70.5; H, 9.23; N, 4.43.
(10R,20R,30S,40R,6S)-N3-benzyl-5,6-dihydro-(10,20-O-iso-
propyledene-30-O-benzyl-10,20,30,40-tetrahydrofuranos-40-yl)-
pyrimidin-2,4-dione (40). This was obtained by refluxing
a solution of 23 (0.80 g, 1.69 mmol), 4 A MS (0.012g),
TBAB (0.008 g) and DBU (0.26 mL, 1.69 mmol) in
anhydrous toluene (15 mL) as described above. On col-
umn chromatography of the reaction mixture only the
main isomer could be isolated as white solid. Yield
80%. [a]2D5 À29.7 (c 0.08, CHCl3); MS FAB m/z=473
(M+H)+; IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3371 (NH), 2926 (CH),
1712(C ¼O); 1660 (NC¼ON); 1H NMR (CDCl3,
300 MHz) d 7.45–7.22 (m, 7H, Ar–H), 7.14 (d, J=8.4
Hz, 2H, Ar–H), 6.06 (bs, 1H, NH), 6.01 (d, J=3.6 Hz,
1H, H-10), 4.79 and 4.50 (each d, J=11.7 Hz, each 1H,
OCH2Ph), 4.72(d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H, H-20), 4.15 (m, 1H,
H-40), 4.03 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H, H-30), 3.98 (m, 1H, H-6),
2.73 (m, 2H, H-5), 1.53 and 1.38 [each s, each 3H,
C(CH3)2], 13C NMR (CDCl3): d 168.8 and 156.1 (C¼O);
138.0, 137.5, 130.7, 129.7, 128.5, 121.1 (Ar–C), 111.6
[C(CH3)2]; 105.6 (C-10); 82.4 (C-20), 81.6 (C-40), 80.6 (C-
30), 72.4 (OCH2Ph), 46.7 (C-6); 34.6 (C-5); 27.2, 26.6,
[>C(CH3)2].
(10R,20R,30S,40R,6S)-N1-cyclopropyl-N3-benzyl-5,6-dihy-
dro-(10,20-O-isopropyledene-30-O-benzyl-10,20,30,40-tetra-
hydrofuranos-40-yl)-pyrimidin-2,4-dione (43). This was
obtained by refluxing a solution of 26 (0.85 g, 1.57
mmol), 4 A MS (0.024 g), TBAB (0.012 g) and DBU
(0.24 mL, 1.57 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (15 mL) as
described above and isolated as colourless oil. Yield
[a]2D5-36.50 (c 0.18, CHCl3), MS FAB m/z=493
(M+H)+; IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3375 (NH), 3015, 2932
(CH), 1668 (NC¼O); 1H NMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz)
d 7.38–7.18 (m, 10H, Ar–H), 5.88 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H, H-
10), 4.93 (s, 2H, NCH2Ph), 4.68 and 4.41 (each d,
J=11.6 Hz, each 1H, OCH2Ph), 4.56 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H,
H-20), 4.03 (dd, J=9.6 Hz and 3.1 Hz, 1H, H-40), 3.87
(m, 1H, H-6), 3.84 (d, J=3.1 Hz, 1H, H-30), 2.98 (m,
1H, CH-cyclopropyl ring), 2.61 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H, H-
5A), 2.24 (d, J=17.1 Hz, 1H, H-5B), 1.25 and 1.20 [each
s, each 3H, C(CH3)2)]; 0.98–0.75 (m, 4H, CH2-cyclo-
propyl ring). 13C NMR (CDCl3): d 168.5 and 154.0
(C¼O), 138.1, 137.0, 129.1, 128.8, 128.4, 127.6 (Ar–C),
112.3 [C(CH3)2], 105.5 (C-10), 82.1 (C-20), 81.8 (C-40),
80.9 (C-30), 72.3 (OCH2Ph), 52.9 (C-6), 43.9 (NCH2),
34.7 (C-5), 32.1 (CH-cyclopropyl ring), 27.1 and 26.6
[C(CH3)2)], 10.3 and 7.0 (CH2-cyclopropyl ring). Anal.
calcd for C28H32N2O6: C, 68.29; H, 6.50; N, 5.69;
Found: C, 67.69; H, 6.39; N, 5.37.
(10R,20R,30S,40R,6S)-N1-cyclopropyl-N3-(30-acetylphenyl)-
5,6-dihydro-(10,20-O-isopropyledene-30-O-benzyl-10,20,30,40-
tetrahydrofuranos-40-yl)-pyrimidin 2,4-dione (41). This
was obtained by refluxing a solution of 24 (0.60 g, 1.06
mmol), 4 A MS (0.022 g), TBAB (0.012 g) and DBU
(0.16 mL, 1.06 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (10 mL) as
described above and isolated as colourless oil. Yield
85%. [a]2D5 À16.0 (c 0.44, CHCl3), MS FAB m/z=521
(M+H)+; IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3370 (NH), 3012, 2928
1
(CH), 1710, 1668 (CO); H NMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz)
d 7.95 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H, Ar–H), 7.67 (s, 1H, Ar–H),
7.52–7.29 (m, 7H, Ar–H), 5.98 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H, H-10),
4.73 and 4.49 (each d, J=11.6 Hz, each 1H, OCH2Ph),
4.67 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H, H-20), 4.03 (dd, J=9.6 Hz and
3.1 Hz, 1H, H-40), 4.03 (m, 1H, H-6), 3.95 (d, J=3.1 Hz,
1H, H-30), 2.82 (m, 1H, CH-cyclopropyl ring), 2.76 (dd,
J=8.4 Hz and 17.1 Hz, 1H, H-5A), 2.55 (s, 3H, CH3),
2.35 (d, J=17.1 Hz, 1H, H-5B), 1.33 and 1.22 [each s,
each 3H, C(CH3)2)]; 0.97–0.78 (m, 4H, CH2-cyclopropyl
ring). 13C NMR (CDCl3): d 197.1, 168.6 and 153.8
(C¼O), 138.5, 136.9, 136.2, 133.8, 129.7, 129.3, 128.9,
128.5 (Ar–C), 112.4 [C(CH3)2)], 105.6 (C-10), 81.9 (C-20),
81.8 (C-40), 80.8 (C-30), 72.3 (OCH2Ph), 53.1 (C-6), 35.2
(10R,20R,30S,40R,6S)-N1-butyl-N3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5,6-di-
hydro-(10,20-O-isopropyledene-30-O-benzyl-10,20,30,40-tet-
rahydrofuranos-40-yl)-pyrimidin-2, 4-dione (44). This was
obtained by refluxing a solution of 27 (1.0 g, 1.79

N. Tewari et al. / Bioorg. Med. Chem. 11 (2003) 2911–2922
2921
mmol), 4 A MS (0.020 g), TBAB (0.014 g) and DBU
(0.27 mL, 1.79 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (15 mL) as
described above and isolated as colourless oil. Yield
[a]2D5 À18 (c 0.12CHCl 3), MS FAB m/z=513 (M+H)+;
IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3501 (NH), 2935 (CH), 1738
(C¼O); 1H NMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz) d 7.35 (m, 5H, Ar–
H), 7.06 (m, 4H, Ar–H), 5.95 (d, J=3.7 Hz, 1H, H-10),
4.73 and 4.45 (each d, J=11.6 Hz, each 1H, OCH2Ph),
4.65 (d, J=3.7 Hz, 1H, H-20); 4.38 (dd, J=09.7 Hz and
3.1 Hz, 1H, H-40); 3.95 (d, J=3.2Hz, H-3 ); 3.86 (m,
2H, NCH2), 2.90 (dd, J=16.8 Hz and 6.5 Hz, 1H, H-
5A), 2.38 (d, J=16.8 Hz, 1H, H-5B), 1.66 (m, 4H,
NCH2CH2CH2), 1.47 and 1.32[each s, each 3H,
C(CH3)2)]; 0.87 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 3H, CH2CH3). 13C NMR
(CDCl3): d 168.7 (C¼O), 152(N C¼ON), 136.9, 131.6
(Ar¼C), 130.8, 130.6, 129.2, 128.9, 128.5, 116.6, 116.1
(Ar–CH), 112.4 [C(CH3)2)], 105.5 (C-10), 81.8 (C-20),
81.7 (C-40), 81.1 (C-30), 72.3 (OCH2Ph), 51.3 (C-6), 49.4
(NCH2), 34.9 (C-5), 30.6 (NCH2CH2), 27.1, 26.5
Hz, 1H, H-20); 4.32(dd, J=10.8 and 3.3 Hz, 1H, H-40);
3.99 (d, J=3.3 Hz, 1H, H-30); 3.84 (m, 1H, NCHA); 3.76
(dd, J=10.8 and 5.4 Hz, 1H, H-6); 3.25 (d, J=17.0 Hz,
1H, H-5A); 2.89 (dd, J=17.0 and 6.6 Hz, 1H, H-5B);
2.78 (m, 1H, NCHB); 1.47 and 1.33 [each s, each 3H,
0
C(CH3)2)]; 1.25 (m, 10H, CH2 S); 0.88 (t, J=6.0 Hz,
3H, CH2CH3). 13C NMR (CDCl3): d 168.8, 152.8
(C¼O), 136.7, 124.0, 130.2, 129.1, 128.7, 128.3, 127.7
(Ar–C), 112.0 [C(CH3)2)], 105.0 (C-10), 82.4 (C-20), 81.5
(C-40), 79.8 (C-30), 71.7 (OCH2Ph), 50.4 (C-6), 47.3
(NCH2), 34.2 (C-5), 31.9, 29.6, 29.5, 29.3, 28.11,25.4,
0
22.6 (CH2 S), 27.7 and 26.2 [C(CH3)2)], 14.1(CH3).
Anal. calcd for C36H49N2O6Cl: C, 67.3; H, 7.64; N,
4.36; Found: C, 67.35; H, 7.62; N, 4.4.40.
(10R,20R,30S,40R,6S)-N1-oleyl-N3-benzyl-5,6-dihydro-(10,20-
O-isopropyledene-30 -O-benzyl-10,20,30,40 -tetrahydrofura-
nos-40-yl)-pyrimidin-2,4-dione (47). This was obtained
by refluxing a solution of 32 (0.50 g, 0.66 mmol), 4 A
MS (0.022 g), TBAB (0.010 g) and DBU (0.10 mL, 0.66
mmol) in anhydrous toluene (15 mL) as described above
and isolated as colourless oil. Yield 70%. [a]2D5 À2 8 c(
0.15, CH3OH), MS FAB m/z=703 (M+H)+; IR
(neat): nmax cmÀ1 3371 (NH), 2926 (CH), 1711
[C(CH3)2)], 20.4 (CH2CH3),14.2(CH ).
3
(10R,20R,30S,40R,6S)-N1-dodecyl-N3-(3-acetylphenyl)-5,6-
dihydro-(10,20 -O-isopropyledene-30 -O-benzyl-10,20,30,40 -
tetrahydrofuranos-40-yl)-pyrimidin-2,4-dione (45). This
was obtained by refluxing a solution of 28 (0.80 g, 1.15
mmol), 4 A MS (0.022 g), TBAB (0.014 g) and DBU
(0.17 mL, 1.15 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (15 mL) as
described above and isolated as colourless oil. Yield
[a]2D5 À15 (c 0.08, CH3OH), MS FAB m/z=648
(M+H)+; IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3372(NH), 1710
(C¼O); 1669 (NC¼ON). 1H NMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz) d
7.68–7.26 (m, 5H, Ar–H), 5.96 (d, J=3.7 Hz, 1H, H-10),
4.74 and 4.45 (each d, J=11.6 Hz, each 1H, OCH2Ph);
4.66 (d, J=3.7 Hz, 1H, H-20), 4.40 (m, 1H, H-40), 3.97
(d, J=3.1 Hz, H-30); 3.88 (m, 1H, H-6); 3.31–3.20 (m,
5H, COCH3 and NCH2), 2.88 (dd, J=16.8 Hz and 3.2
Hz, 1H, H-5A), 2.58 (m, 2H, NCH2CH2), 2.35(d,
J=16.6 Hz, 1H, H-5B), 1.64 (m, 4H, CH2S), 1.48 and
1
(C¼O);1669 (NC¼ON). H NMR (CDCl3, 200 MHz) d
7.31 (m, 10H, Ar–H), 5.87 (d, J=3.7 Hz, 1H, H-10),
5.34 (m, 2H, CH¼CH), 4.95 (s, 2H, NCH2Ph), 4.64 and
4.45 (each d, J=11.6 Hz, each 1H, OCH2Ph); 4.56 (d,
J=3.7 Hz, 1H, H-20), 4.25 (dd, J=9.2Hz and 2.9 Hz,
1H, H-40), 3.86 (d, J=3.1 Hz, H-30); 3.78 (m, 1H, H-6);
3.48 (m, 1H, NCHA), 3.33 (m, 2H, H-5), 3.20 (m, 1H,
0
NCHB), 2.01 (m, 4H, allylic CH2S), 1.66 (m, 4H, CH2 S),
1.48 [m, 26, C(CH3)2 and CH2S], 0.87 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H,
CH2CH3). 13C NMR (CDCl3): d 168.5 (C¼O), 152.6
(NC¼ON), 138.2, 136.9, 130.3, 129.1, 128.8, 128.4,
127.5 (Ar–C), 112.3 [C(CH3)2)], 105.4 (C-10), 81.8 (C-20),
81.6 (C-40), 81.1 (C-30), 72.3 (OCH2Ph), 59.5 (NCH2Ph),
51.0 (C-6), 43.9 (C-5), 34.4, 30.0, 29.6, 28., 27.5, 27.2
(CH2S), 27.0, 26.5 [C(CH3)2)], 23.0, 20.1(CH2CH3), 14.5
(CH3).
0
1.33 [each s, each 3H, C(CH3)2], 1.25 (s, 14H, CH2 S),
0.87 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H, CH2CH3). 13C NMR (CDCl3): d
199.2, 197.1 (COCH3), 168.6 (C¼O), 152.5 (NC¼ON),
138.4, 136.8, 136.3, 133.8, 130.3, 129.6, 129.1, 128.9,
128.7, 127.5 (Ar–C), 112.4 [C(CH3)2)], 105.5 (C- 10),
81.8 (C-20), 81.7 (C-40), 81.0 (C-30), 72.3 (OCH2Ph), 54.3
(OCH3), 51.3 (C-6), 49.7 (NCH2), 34.9 (C-5), 32.3, 30.0,
Biology
Preparation of ꢀ-Glucosidase from rat intestinal mu-
cosa. a-Glucosidase was prepared according to a slight
modification of the procedure reported earlier.25,26
Intestine of male albino rats (CF strain average body
weight 200Æ20 g) were excised, opened and the mucosa
was collected and pooled. A 10% homogenate was pre-
pared in 150 mM KCl using Potter Elvejhem glass
homogeniser fitted with Teflon pestle. The homogenate
was centrifuged at 1000g for 15 min and the supernatant
was decanted and stored at 4 ꢀC. The supernatant was
dialyzed at 4 ꢀC against 50 mM Tris–HCl buffer pH 7.0
with two to three changes of buffer. The dialyzed
supernatant was saturated with ammonium sulphate to
a final concentration of 30%. The sample was kept at
4 ꢀC overnight and then centrifuged to collect the pre-
cipitate and the supernatant separately. The 30%
ammonium sulphate saturated supernatant was further
saturated to 60% with ammonium sulphate. Again the
precipitate and supernatant were separated by
centrifugation. Finally, the 60% ammonium sulphate
0
29.9, 29.7, 28.5 (CH2 S), 27.2, 26.9, 26.5 [COCH3 and
C(CH3)2)], 23.0 (CH2CH3), 14.5 (CH2CH3). Anal. calcd
for C38H52N2O7: C, 70.3; H, 8.02; N, 4.32; Found: C,
70.34; H, 8.05; N, 4.36.
(10R,20R,30S,40R,6S)-N1-dodecyl-N3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,6-
dihydro-(10,20 -O-isopropyledene-30 -O-benzyl-10,20,30,40-
tetrahydrofuranos-40-yl)-pyrimidin-2,4-dione (46). This
was obtained by refluxing a solution of 30 (0.80 g, 1.16
mmol), 4 A MS (0.020 g), TBAB (0.012 g) and DBU
(0.18 mL, 1.16 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (15 mL) as
described above and isolated as colourless oil. Yield
78%. [a]2D5 À35.80 (c 0.16, CHCl3), MS FAB m/z
=641(M+H)+; IR (neat): nmax cmÀ1 3404 (NH), 2930
1
(CH), 1723 (C¼O), 1681 (NC¼O). H NMR (CDCl3,
200 MHz) d 7.39–7.30 (m, 7H, Ar–H); 7.11 (d, J=9 Hz,
2H, Ar–H); 5.93 (d, J=3.9 Hz, 1H, H-10); 4.76 and 4.44
(each d, J=11.7 Hz, each 1H, OCH2Ph); 4.66 (d, J=3.9

2922
N. Tewari et al. / Bioorg. Med. Chem. 11 (2003) 2911–2922
1998, 338, 1641. (b) Zimmet, P. J. Intern. Med. 2000, 247, 301.
Table 2. a-Glucosidase activity
(c) Zimmet, P. Diabetologia 1999, 42, 499. (d) Groop, L. J.
Intern. Med. 1997, 241, 95. (e) Huebner, R. E.; Castro, K. G.
Ann. Rev. Med. 1995, 46, 47.
Source
Protein
(mg/kg)
Specific
activity
Fold
purification
3. Lebovitz, H. E. Drugs 1992, 44 (Suppl. 3), 21.
4. Gale, E. A. M. Lancet 2001, 357, 1870.
5. Moller, D. E. Nature 2001, 414, 821.
Crude extract
1000g supernatant
0–30% dialyzed
precipitate
30–60% dialyzed
precipitate
60–100%
dialyzed
precipitate
100% saturated
supernatant precipitate
1.50Æ0.03
0.74Æ0.09
288.94Æ10.1
483.81Æ89.7
1.0
1.68
0.18Æ0.0.265952
0.31Æ0.03
Æ38.9
1.91
4.74
6. Emst, E. Br. J. Med. 2000, 321, 395.
7. (a) Paulsen, H.; Todt, K. Adv. Cabohydr. Chem. 1968, 23,
115. (b) Fellows, L. E. Chem. Br. 1987, 23, 842. (c) Truscheit,
E.; Frommer, W.; Junge, B.; Muller, L.; Schmidt, D.; Win-
gender, W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1981, 20, 744. (d)
Inouge, S.; Tsuruoka, T; Ito, A.; Niida, T. Tetrahedron 1968,
24, 2125. (e) Muller, L. In Biotechnology; Rehn, H. J., Reed,
G., Eds., VCH: Weinheim, 1985; Vol. 4, Chapter 18.
8. Bayer, A. G.; Kinast, G.; Schuller, M.; Schroder, T.; Ger
Offen, D. R.; Anzeveno, P. B.; Creemer, L. J.; Daniel, J. K.;
King, C. H. R.; Liu, P. S. J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 2539.
Yoshikuni, Y.; Ezure, Y.; Aoyagi, Y.; Enomoto, H. J. Phar-
macobiol. Dyn. 1988, 111, 356.
9. (a) Karpus, A.; Fleet, G. W. J.; Dwek, R. A.; Petursson, S.;
Namgoong, S. K.; Ramsden, N. G.; Jacob, G. S.; Rade-
macher, T. W. J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1988, 85, 9229.
(b) Walker, B. D.; Kowalski, M.; Goh, W. C.; Kozarsky, K.;
Krieger, M.; Rosen, C.; Rohrschneider, L.; Haseltine, W. A.;
Sodroski, ?. J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1987, 84, 8120. (c)
Winkler, D. A.; Holan, G. J. Med. Chem. 1989, 32, 2084.
10. Evans, S. V.; Fellows, L. E.; Shing, K. T. M.; Flee, G.WJ.
Phytochemistry 1985, 24, 1953.
723.36.Æ5094.22
0.60Æ0.06
1370.91Æ53.8
0.12Æ0.02Nil
Maximum activity was observed in 60–100% saturated dialyzed
precipitate.
saturated supernatant was further saturated to 100%
with further addition of ammonium sulphate. The pre-
cipitate and supernatant was once again separated and
all the samples were analysed for a-glucosidase activity
using p-nitrophenyl-a-d-glucopyranoside as substrate.
When it was observed that the enzyme activity is max-
imum in 60–100% ammonium sulphate precipitate
(Table 2), it was stored at 4 ꢀC and used as a source
of enzyme for studying the effect of test compounds on
a-glucosidase inhibition.
11. Humphries, M. J.; Matsumoto, K.; White, S. L.; Olden,
K. Cancer Res. 1986, 46, 5215.
12. Bischoff, H. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 1994, 24, 3.
13. Toeller, M. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 1994, 24, 31.
14. Porus, J. R. Drugs Future 1986, 11, 729.
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